Aspectos morfológicos e ultraestruturais do Espermatozóide de Curimata Inornata Vari, 1989 (Pisces, Teleostei) do Rio Amazonas

Estão descritos aspectos morfológicos e ultraestruturais do espermatozóide de Curimata inornata Vavi, 1989 (Pisces,Teleostei) observados com microsopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O espermatozóide é constituído de cabeça, contendo um núcleo ovoide com cromatina granular densa, uma peça intermediária curta e uma cauda com a constituição axonêmica clássica de microtúbulos de 9p+2.

Aspectos morfológicos da germinação e do desenvolvimento Plantular em Euterpe precatoria Mart. (Açaí-do-Amazonas)

Euterpe precatoria Mart. é uma palmeira amplamente distribuída na bacia Amazônica, em terra firme e em solos de várzea. Dos frutos obtêm-se o "vinho do açaí" e do ápice caulinar o palmito, que fazem desta palmeira um importante recurso alimentar. Neste trabalho é feita a descrição morfológica do desenvolvimento plantular durante a germinação da semente, contribuindo para o entendimento do processo e fornecendo subsídios para produção de mudas. A germinação é do tipo adjacente ligulada. A raiz primária emerge primeiro e desenvolve-se mais rapidamente que a plúmula; posteriormente, aparecem as raízes secundárias e terciárias.

Lengua materna y pr??ctica social : estudio durante el periodo de escolarizaci??n inicial en el Principado de Asturias

Precisar la incidencia de la lengua minoritaria, el asturiano en todas sus variantes, con respecto a la lengua de instrucci??n, el castellano, en las diversas condiciones sociales, las caracter??sticas aptitudinales y el desarrollo verbal. 626 sujetos de Preescolar y ciclo inicial seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijaci??n proporcional en Asturias. Variables predictoras: ??ndices extra??dos del hogar como lengua materna, profesi??n del padre, nivel de estudios realizados y el ??ndice de estatus de hogar que se entienden como factores ambientales de una unidad que est?? presente en el contexto en el que se desarrolla el crecimiento psicol??gico de los sujetos. Variable criterio que trata de establecer las caracter??sticas personales, aptitudinales potenciales y psicoling????sticas para comprender y explicar el desarrollo ling????stico, se considera la calificaci??n escolar como medida de rendimiento escolar. Cuestionario 'ad hoc' para aspectos morfol??gicos, sint??cticos, fon??ticos y l??xicos m??s importantes y caracter??sticos del asturiano para determinar el conocimiento de la lengua materna. Otros test: MCP de Raven, Boehm, CIV del WPPSI y/o WISC y el de habilidades psicoling????sticas de Illinois ITPA. El lenguaje existe y se adquiere, en su significado real, dentro de un entorno, lo que determina el desarrollo de la intervenci??n educativa. El rendimiento, el desarrollo de la inteligencia, la adquisici??n de conceptos y el desarrollo de habilidades psicoling????sticas no mantienen relaciones significativas con las condiciones en que difiere la lengua en el ??mbito familiar. El desarrollo verbal resulta m??s sensible a las condiciones de vida y a las pr??cticas sociales siendo m??s significativas en el transcurso de la edad y el aumento de exigencias educativas. El lenguaje es solidario con las condiciones de vida en que se da, por tanto sus implicaciones en el desarrollo psicol??gico tienen que entenderse en el conjunto de la conducta del individuo. Se constata la necesidad de que la intervenci??n educativa a realizar tenga presente entre sus objetivos producir cambios en las relaciones sociales, remiti??ndose a nivel de efectividad en una intervenci??n temprana desde la cual se determinen las pr??cticas favorecedoras. La realidad ling????stica de la Comunidad Asturiana es la digl??sica lo que favorece los desequilibrios constatados en las pr??cticas sociales asociadas a cada una de las lenguas variantes del asturiano. La intervenci??n educativa no estructurada producir?? dificultades en el desarrollo de competencias en cualquiera de las lenguas, lo que conllevara al empobrecimiento tanto cognitivo como en el desarrollo de las habilidades verbales.

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Biologia e controle microbiano de Urbanus acawoios (Williams, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): I. descrição morfológica e aspectos Bio-ecológicos

Devido aos danos dos ataques de Urbanus acawoios (Williams, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) em palheteiras (Clitoria racemosa) (Leguminosae) em Manaus, AM e a total ausência de qualquer informação a respeito desta espécie, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido visando a obtenção de conhecimentos que facilitem a identificação de métodos seguros e eficientes para o seu controle. Os estudos biológicos revelaram que este inseto é multivoltino, tendo duração média de 41,89 ± 0,98 dias por geração. As condições climáticas na cidade de Manaus, a disponibilidade de alimentos, e possivelmente a ausência de inimigos naturais eficientes, parecem ser os fatores principais responsáveis pela ocorrência de erupções populacionais desta espécie. Enquanto o estágio larval consiste de 5 fases (ínstares) e dura em média 18,46 ± 1,28 dias, o da pupa necessita 9,96 ± 1,05, e o adulto 13,47 ± 0,27 dias, sob condições de 30°C e 85% UR. Estudos morfológicos foram incluídos.

Descripci?n morfol?gica de los adjetivos calificativos en la lengua Pisamira [recurso electr?nico]

RESUMEN: El presente documento describe y analiza los mecanismos morfol?gicos para la construcci?n de los adjetivos de la lengua pisamira, con el fin de caracterizar la clase de palabra a la que estos pertenecen. El pisamira es una lengua que se encuentra en grave peligro de extinci?n, ubicada en la comunidad de Yacayac?, departamento del Vaup?s, en la Amazon?a colombiana. Debido a la compleja naturaleza de esta clase de palabra y a la poca cantidad de antecedentes, con esta investigaci?n me propongo la tarea de iniciar una descripci?n de los adjetivos en esta lengua, tomando como punto de partida los pertenecientes a los cuatro n?cleos sem?nticos propuestos por Dixon: edad, dimensi?n, valor y color. Siguiendo uno de los universales que este autor propone, la presencia de adjetivos en estos cuatro n?cleos sem?nticos nos permitir?a establecer que el pisamira cuenta al menos con una clase cerrada de adjetivos. Otras investigaciones ser?an necesarias para lograr establecer la existencia de adjetivos pertenecientes a otras clasificaciones sem?nticas, lo que expandir?a el conocimiento de esta clase de palabra en la lengua pisamira. En este trabajo se presentar? adem?s un panorama sobre los or?genes, la ubicaci?n y la situaci?n actual del pueblo pisamira y su lengua. En estos apartados se tendr?n en cuenta aspectos como la familia ling??stica a la que pertenece, el n?mero de pisamiras que existen en la actualidad y el multiling?ismo de la zona. Tambi?n se presentar?n los antecedentes sobre el estudio de la lengua pisamira; cimientos de gran importancia para la elaboraci?n de este trabajo. El reducido n?mero de estos antecedentes revela la necesidad de ampliar la documentaci?n de una lengua amerindia cr?ticamente amenazada. El an?lisis del adjetivo en esta investigaci?n incluye principalmente las modificaciones morfol?gicas, sin embargo, tambi?n se indaga en el nivel sint?ctico y sem?ntico. Tambi?n se exploran otros elementos relacionados con los adjetivos, como son los comparativos y los intensificadores. Adem?s, se mencionar?n algunas consideraciones te?ricas sobre las clases mayores de palabras en las lenguas, enfatizando sobre la compleja naturaleza de los adjetivos. Los resultados de esta investigaci?n suponen un aporte de gran importancia para la documentaci?n del pisamira, una lengua de la que se han hecho muy pocos estudios, y cuya desaparici?n significar?a la p?rdida de todo su pueblo, su cultura y sus saberes ancestrales.

Aspectos técnicos da monitorização da pressão intracraniana pelo método subaracnóideo no traumatismo craniencefálico grave

Two hundred and six patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale of 8 points or less after nonsurgical resuscitation on admission), managed at Intensive Care Unit-Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas were prospectively analysed. All patients were assessed by CT scan and 72 required neurosurgical intervention. All patients were continuously monitored to evaluate intracranial pressure (ICP) levels by a subarachnoid device (11 with subarachnoid metallic bolts and 195 with subarachnoid polyvinyl catheters). The ICP levels were continuously observed in the bedside pressure monitor display and their end-hour values were recorded in a standard chart. The patients were managed according to a standard protocol guided by the ICP levels. There were no intracranial haemorrhagic complications or hematomas due the monitoring method. Sixty six patients were punctured by lateral C1-C2 technique to assess infectious complications and 2 had positive cerebrospinal fluid samples for Acinetobacter sp. The final results measured at hospital discharge showed 75 deaths (36,40%) and 131 (63,60%) survivors. ICP levels had significantly influenced the final results (p<0,001). The subarachnoid method to continuously assess the ICP levels was considered aplicable, safe, simple, low cost and useful to advise the management of the patients. The ICP record methodology was practical and useful. Despite the current technical advances the subarachnoid method was considered viable to assess the ICP levels in severe head injury.

Espectroscopia optogalvânica: alguns aspectos relevantes

In this work we present the optogalvanic effect in ionized gases in an historical perspective. This effect was observed for the first time by Foote and Mohler in 1925, and explained by Penning in 1928 for mixtures (Ne-Ar) and pure gases (or vapours) in 1937. Also, we show some aspects of the contributions of Romenian authors for the development of optogalvanic spectroscopy, which was used as a new technique only after 1964.

A síntese da amônia: alguns aspectos históricos

The ammonia synthesis from its elements plays an important role in the survival of humankind. A short historical development of discoveries of the nitrogen cycle, the nitrogen sources for agriculture and the ammonia synthesis (in laboratory and industry) are presented. Some brief aspects of nitrogen chemistry are described. Short biographies of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, the main persons in this epopee, are also presented.

Cromatografia de afinidade por íons metálicos imobilizados (IMAC) de biomoléculas: aspectos fundamentais e aplicações tecnológicas

Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Cromatography - IMAC - is a group-specific based adsorption applied to the purification and structure-function studies of proteins and nucleic acids. The adsorption is based on coordination between a metal ion chelated on the surface of a solid matrix and electron donor groups at the surface of the biomolecule. IMAC is a highly selective, low cost, and easily scaled-up technique being used in research and commercial operations. A separation process can be designed for a specific molecule by just selecting an appropriate metal ion, chelating agent, and operational conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and buffer type.

Análise de aspectos socioeconômicos e tecnológicos da agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi Guaçu

Currently, owing to the occurrence of environmental problems, along with the need of environmental preservation, both the territory management of Hydrographic Basin and the conservation of natural resources have proven to have remarkable importance. Thus, the mean goal of the research is to raise and scrutinize social-economic and technologic data from the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The aim is to group municipalities with similar characteristics regarding the collected data, which may direct joint actions in the Hydrographic Basin Management. There were used both the methods of factorial analysis and automatic hierarchical classifications. Additionally, there is going to be applied a Geographical Information System to represent the outcomes of the methods aforementioned, through the evolvement of a geo-referenced database, which will allow the obtainment of information categorically distributed including theme maps of interest. The main characteristics adopted to group the municipalities were: agricultural area, sugar cane production, small farms, animal production, number of agriculture machinery and equipments and agricultural income. The methodology adopted in the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin will be analyzed vis-à-vis its appropriateness on basin management, as well as the possibility of assisting the studies on behalf of the São Paulo Hydrographic Basin groups, to regional development.

Flora e aspectos auto-ecológicos de um encrave de cerrado na chapada do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil

This study subject to investigate the floristic composition and richness, the reproductive phenological patterns, the dispersal syndromes and life forms of species of a disjunt cerrado in semiarid climate at Araripe plateau during a one year period. We found 107 species and 41 families. Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Malpighiaceae showed the largest number of species. For 47 of the woody species found, we studied the geographical distribution based on 27 papers of the Brazilian cerrados. Twelve species are of widespread occurence in the cerrado, and 13 are restricted to the Araripe plateau. Zoocory, autocory, and anemocory are the predominant syndromes of dispersal. The predominant life forms were phanerophytes (50.7%), hemicriptophytes (14.9%) and camephytes (13.1%). The cerrado of Araripe have lower species richness than continous cerrados, but a similar pattern of reproductive phenology, dispersal syndromes and life forms in more humid zones.

Aspectos ultra-estruturais dos canais secretores em órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Anacardiaceae

The study assessed phloem canal development and ultra-structure in shoot apices of Spondias dulcis G. Forst., phloematic canal ultra-structure in shoot apices of Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and floral canal ultra-structure and development and fruit canal ultra-structure of the latter specie. The flower and fruit canals of Anacardium humile St.Hil. were also studied ultra-structurally. The canals in shoot apices of S. dulcis show schizo-lysigenous formation and the floral canals of T. guianensis show schizogenous development. Epithelial cells of S. dulcis and T. guianensis canals have rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, elongated plastids of several shapes with osmiophilic inclusions and dictyosomes with production of vesicles. Such organelles participate in the secretion of a heterogeneous exudate, which is comprised of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. The epithelial cells of the fruit of A. humile present elongated plastids with circular membrane system, which are involved in the synthesis of lipophilic substances. The results of the ultra-structural analyses of the epithelial cells corroborate the results previously obtained in a histochemical study. In the histochemical study, lipophilic and hydrophilic substances were identified in the canals of T. guinanensis and S. dulcis and only lipophilic substances were identified in the canals of A. humile. Based on the ultrastructural aspects of the secretory canals of T. guianensis and S. dulcis we concluded that the plastids of the epithelial cells of the two species are different although they produce secretion of similar composition. A new record for the family is the presence of a great number of circular plastids in epithelial cells of the fruit of Anacardium humile. The pattern found in the secretory canals of the studied species is the ecrine type of secretion release.

Formação de professores: aspectos históricos e teóricos do problema no contexto brasileiro

This article deals with the theme of teacher training from the historical and theoretical perspectives. In the first part, the historical focus is introduced and the trajectory of teacher training in Brazil is examined, dividing it into six periods beginning with the passing of the Law of Schools of First Letters in 1827 and closing with the promulgation of the new law for national education in 1996. The second part deals with theoretical aspects, considering the two basic models of teacher training, their implications for the training of teachers of primary and pre-school education, the dilemma resulting from the contraposition between the two models and the way for overcoming it and concluding with observations on the training of teachers for special education.

Aspectos médicos e sociais no atendimento oftalmológico de urgência

Purpose: A survey was carried out on one hundred patients of the Emergency Service of the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), in order to analyze the personal characteristics and the barriers against getting resolving ophthalmologic assistance. Variables, were the following: sex, age, home town, average distance between the place of initial symptoms and first visit to the hospital, time spent between the first examination (if performed in any other service) and the examination performed at the Hospital das Clinicas of University of Campinas, diagnosis, veracity of emergency, need to refer patients previously seen in other services to our Service and possibility of assistance and treatment at a secondary level. Methods: The sample showed the following characteristics: distances between 20 and 100 kilometers covered by 50.0% of the patients to be seen at University of Campinas. 75.0% of those patients needed someone to stay with them and 67.0% came from other municipalities. The long distances covered meant additional expenses for the treatment of diseases which should be treated locally. Results: Among the patients referred to University of Campinas by ophthalmologists of other services, 87.5% could have their diseases treated at a secondary level of assistance and 66.7% of real emergencies and 60% of false emergencies took longer than 7 days to reach the emergency room of University of Campinas. This shows the poor infrastructure of secondary services regarding excellence of emergency care and education of patients. Conclusions: We recommend education of general physicians and ophthalmologists for emergency eye care and also the supply of both secondary and tertiary public services or medicare, strategically setup in the whole state of Sao Paulo.