Compromisso nacional para aperfei??oar as condi????es de trabalho na cana-de-a????car

O Compromisso Nacional para Aperfei??oar as Condi????es de Trabalho na Cana-de-A????car, firmado pelo Governo Federal e entidades de trabalhadores e empres??rios do setor sucroenerg??tico, ?? resultado de uma experi??ncia in??dita no pa??s de negocia????o tripartite para enfrentar o desafio de melhorar as condi????es de vida e trabalho no cultivo manual da cana-de-a????car. Por meio de uma Mesa de Di??logo, sob a coordena????o da Secretaria-Geral da Presid??ncia da Rep??blica, foi constru??do um acordo hist??rico para valorizar e disseminar as melhores pr??ticas trabalhistas na lavoura da cana, evidenciando a import??ncia do di??logo social na elabora????o das Pol??ticas P??blicas. Atrav??s da ades??o volunt??ria das empresas ao Compromisso, da divulga????o das boas pr??ticas empresariais e do cadastro positivo formado pelo selo ???Empresa Compromissada???, conferido ap??s verifica????o in loco de auditoria independente, a iniciativa induz os demais atores do setor a aderir ao Compromisso e adotar as boas pr??ticas trabalhistas

Aperfei??oamento e moderniza????o dos mecanismos de controle de projetos culturais

Tendo em conta a fragilidade dos mecanismos de controles existentes para acompanhamento dos projetos culturais beneficiados com incentivos fiscais, tornou-se necess??rio o aperfei??oamento e moderniza????o desses mecanismos, objetivando garantir ao Minist??rio da Cultura que os recursos captados estavam de fato sendo empregados nas ??reas de atua????o do Programa Nacional de Apoio ?? Cultura ??? PRONAC. As principais inova????es foram: exig??ncia por parte do MinC de capta????o m??nima para in??cio da execu????o do projeto; descentraliza????o da an??lise e acompanhamento dos projetos para todas as Secret??rias-fim do MinC; e cria????o de instrumentos para a fiscaliza????o / acompanhamento sistem??tico da execu????o dos projetos culturais incentivados, at?? ent??o inexistentes na Administra????o P??blica Federal.Ap??s a implanta????o da experi??ncia houve maior credibilidade dos incentivos fiscais junto ao mercado produtor; garantia de execu????o total dos projetos culturais com capta????o; condi????es para uma avalia????o global do desempenho do mecanismo "mecenato" do PRONAC; redu????o do tempo de an??lise dos projetos de 90 para 45 dias em m??dia, melhorando a qualidade dos servi??os prestados pelo MinC aos produtores culturais

Portaria n?? 03, de 18 de janeiro de 2011: regulamento do Programa de Aperfei??oamento para Carreiras

O Programa de Aperfei??oamento par carreiras do ciclo de gest??o governamental ?? regulamentado por meio da Portaria n?? 3, de 18 de janeiro de 2011.

O aperfei??oamento dos servidores do Estado

A preocupa????o com a qualifica????o do servidor p??blico n??o ?? um tema recente. A primeira experi??ncia de profissionaliza????o do servi??o p??blico remonta ?? cria????o do Departamento Administrativo do Servi??o P??blico (Dasp), em 1938. A exist??ncia do ??rg??o permitiu que fosse iniciada reflex??o sobre a burocracia de Estado: seu dimensionamento e necessidade de forma????o e capacita????o, entre outras quest??es. O texto a seguir foi produzido por um dos quadros t??cnicos do Dasp, em 1942 ??? h?? cerca de 70 anos. Naquele per??odo j?? existia preocupa????o com o aperfei??oamento constante do servidor. O autor argumenta n??o somente em favor desse aprendizado constante, mas tamb??m pela necessidade de um bom curso de forma????o inicial para as carreiras, o que ??? segundo ele ??? n??o era comum naquela ??poca. Conforme o autor, ???de nada adianta ensinar processos novos a quem ainda n??o conhece os m??todos velhos???. Algu??m discordaria? Entretanto, a busca pela novidade, pelo guru da moda (aquele que tem a resposta para os problemas) ?? uma constante no cen??rio dos dirigentes. N??o seria isso resultado de um problema de forma????o de base? Afinal, a administra????o tem alguns conjuntos de t??cnicas que fazem dela uma ci??ncia. Ser?? que nossos gestores as conhecem de verdade? E se as conhecem, sabem aplic??-las? Entre o conhecimento te??rico e pr??tico existe uma grande dist??ncia. Diante de um problema grave que persiste h?? bastante tempo numa institui????o e que requer esfor??o de aprendizado por parte do gestor ??? para apreender, processar e propor uma solu????o ???, muitas vezes se escolhe um atalho: a solu????o miraculosa que maquia, mas n??o resolve. Mas essa j?? ?? outra hist??ria.

Aperfeiçoamento da técnica de eletroforese para análise isoenzimática de clones de seringueira (Hevea sp.)1

Este estudo foi conduzido no sentido de otimizar as técnicas de preparo de extratos de folíolos e identificar tampões e condições de corrida que proporcionassem uma boa definição dos perfis eletroforéticos de clones de seringueira. Foram testados 25 diferentes sistemas enzimáticos utilizando-se onze sistemas tamponantes. Não foram encontradas diferenças na qualidade dos zimogramas obtidos nos diferentes estádios fenológicos analisados, em amostras submetidas a diferentes condições de centrifugação e nas diferentes plantas de um mesmo clone. Extratos de folíolos liofilizados apresentaram resolução semelhante para Adh, Pgi, 6Pgdh, Lap-1, Skdh, Acp, Mdh, ßGlu, Pgm e Idh que homogenados de folíolos não liofilizados preparados até 2 dias pós-coleta. Os padrões de Got e Est apresentaram boa nitidez somente em extratos de folíolos frescos. As demais enzimas não apresentaram resolução satisfatória. Com o uso de diferentes substratos, foi possível detectar nove regiões de atividade esterásica nas condições empregadas, embora variação genética tenha sido caracterizada para apenas três locos nos clones analisados. Os fenótipos observados para esterase-7 utilizando-se ésteres derivados de naftol foram semelhantes aos padrões encontrados utilizando L-benzoil-ßnaftilamida como substrato, indicando que esta esterase seja, provavelmente, uma en-dopeptidase. A utilização de substratos fluorogênicos permitiu ainda a detecção de uma variante eletroforética de Acp em Hevea nítida e uma variante de ßGlu em Hevea rigidifolia.

Global gene expression profile in myelodysplastic syndromes using SAGE

The molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is poorly understood. In order to expand our knowledge of genetic defects in MDS, we determined the overall profile of genes expressed in bone marrow from patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts ( RAEB) by serial analysis of gene expression ( SAGE). The present report describes a partial transcriptome of RAEB bone marrow derived from 56,694 sequenced tags that provides information about expressed gene products. This is the first attempt to determine an overall profile of gene expression specifically in RAEB at diagnosis using SAGE, which should be useful in the understanding of the physiopathology of MDS and in identifying the genes involved.

Nutritional Quality of Sorghum Seeds: Storage Proteins and Amino Acids

One sorghum commercial genotype (MASSA 03) and nine ICRISAT high-lysine genotypes from India were analyzed for storage protein content, distribution profile, and soluble amino acid concentrations. Storage proteins fraction were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE. Soluble amino acids contents were determined by HPLC. Variations in intensity and appearance and disappearance of protein bands were observed among the sorghum genotypes suggesting genetic variability. Amino acid profile also indicated large variations in the amino acid concentrations. The high lysine and threonine soluble concentrations observed in the seeds of the sorghum genotypes encouraged the use of these genotypes as potential food source due to the better balanced amino acids profile.

Stability of clavulanic acid under variable pH, ionic strength and temperature conditions. A new kinetic approach

Clavulanic acid (CA) is a beta-lactam antibiotic that alone exhibits only weak antibacterial activity, but is a potent inhibitor of beta-lactamases enzymes. For this reason it is used as a therapeutic in conjunction with penicillins and cephalosporins. However, it is a well-known fact that it is unstable not only during its production phase, but also during downstream processing. Therefore, the main objective of this study was the evaluation of CA long-term stability under different conditions of pH and temperature, in the presence of variable levels of different salts, so as to suggest the best conditions to perform its simultaneous production and recovery by two-phase polymer/salt liquid-liquid extractive fermentation. To this purpose, the CA stability was investigated at different values of pH (4.0-8.0) and temperature (20-45 degrees C), and the best conditions were met at a pH 6.0-7.2 and 20 degrees C. Its stability was also investigated at 30 degrees C in the presence of NaCl, Na(2)SO(4), CaCl(2) and MgSO(4) at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 M in Mcllvaine buffer (pH 6.5). All salts led to increased CA instability with respect to the buffer alone, and this effect decreased in following sequence: Na(2)SO(4) > MgSO(4) > CaCl(2) > NaCl. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of CA degradation were calculated adopting a new model that took into consideration the equilibrium between the active and a reversibly inactivated form of CA after long-time degradation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Extraadrenal 21-Hydroxylation by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4: Effect on 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Context: 21-Hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is caused by CYP21A2 gene mutations disrupting the adrenal 21-hydroxylase, P450c21. CYP21A2 mutations generally correlate well with the 21OHD phenotype, but some children with severe CYP21A2 mutations have residual 21-hydroxylase activity. Some hepatic P450 enzymes can 21-hydroxylate progesterone, but their physiological relevance in modifying 21OHD is not known. Objective: Wedetermined the ability of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 to 21-hydroxylate progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), determined the impact of the common P450 oxidoreductase (POR) variant A503V on these activities, and examined correlations between CYP2C19 variants and phenotype in patients with 21OHD. Methods: Bacterially expressed, N-terminally modified, C-His-tagged human P450c21, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 were combined with bacterially expressed wild-type and A503V POR. The 21-hydroxylation of radiolabeled progesterone and 17OHP was assessed, and the Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of the reactions were measured. CYP2C19 was genotyped in 21OHD patients with genotypes predicting severe congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Results: Compared to P450c21, the Vmax/Km for 21-hydroxylation of progesterone by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 were 17 and 10%, respectively. With both forms of POR, the Km for P450c21 was approximately 2.6 mu M, the Km for CYP2C19 was approximately 11 mu M, and the Km for CYP3A4 was approximately 110 mu M. Neither CYP2C19 nor CYP3A4 could 21-hydroxylate 17OHP. The CYP2C19 ultrametabolizer allele CYP2C19* 17 was homozygous in one of five patients with a 21OHD phenotype that was milder than predicted by the CYP21A2 genotype. Conclusions: CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 can 21-hydroxylate progesterone but not 17OHP, possibly ameliorating mineralocorticoid deficiency, but not glucocorticoid deficiency. Multiple enzymes probably contribute to extraadrenal 21-hydroxylation. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 89-95, 2009)

Lectin extracted from Canavalia grandiflora seeds presents potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects

Neutrophil migration is responsible for tissue damage observed in inflammatory diseases and is also implicated in inflammatory nociception. The use of lectins has been demonstrated to be effective in different activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and in cancer therapy. In this study, we addressed the potential use of a lectin from Canavalia grandiflora seeds (ConGF) to control neutrophil migration and inflammatory hypernociception. Pretreatment of the animals intravenously (15 min before) with ConGF inhibited neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity in a dose-dependent fashion confirmed by an inhibition of rolling and adhesion of leukocytes by intravital microscopy. Another set of experiments showed that pretreatment of the animals with ConGF inhibited the mechanical hypernociception in mice induced by the i.pl. injection of carrageenan or formalin. This anti-nociceptive effect correlated with an effective blockade of neutrophil influx, as assessed by the hind paw tissue myeloperoxidase levels. Furthermore, ConGF had important inhibitory effects on the mouse carrageenan-induced paw edema. In addition, animals treated with ConGF showed inhibition of cytokines release. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the lectin ConGF inhibits neutrophil migration and mechanical inflammatory hypernociception.

Prenatal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Affects Maternal Behavior and Male Offspring Sexual Behavior in Adulthood

Objective: This study investigates the effects of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on the maternal behavior of pregnant rats and the physical development and sexual behavior of their male offspring in adulthood. Methods: For two experiments, pregnant rats were injected with LPS (250 mu g/kg, i.p.) on gestation day (GD) 21. In the first experiment, the maternal behavior (postnatal day, PND, 6) and the dam`s open-field general activity (PND7) were evaluated. In the second experiment, the maternal pre- and postnatal parameters, the pup`s development, the offspring`s sexual behavior in adulthood, and the pup`s organ weights were assessed. Results: Compared to the control group, the LPS-treated dams presented reduced maternal behavior, decreased general activity, a smaller body weight difference between GD21 and PND1, a greater number of perinatal deaths, and smaller litters. For the male pups, LPS treatment resulted in a decreased body weight on PND2, whereas the anogenital distance and the day of testis descent were not modified. The male sexual behavior was impaired by prenatal LPS. Particularly the number of ejaculating animals was reduced. The testis weight was also lower in the prenatally LPS-treated rats than in the control rats. Conclusion: We propose that prenatal LPS exposure on GD21 acts as an imprinting factor that interferes with the programming of brain sexual determination in offspring. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

Adhesives bonded to erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser-irradiated dentin: transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile bond strength analyses

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on dentinal collagen by transmission electron microscopy and to analyze the resin-dentin interface by scanning electron microscopy. A tensile bond strength test was also applied. Specimens from 69 sound human third molars were randomly divided into three groups: control (no laser), and two irradiated groups, laser 250 (250 mJ/2 Hz) and laser 400 (400 mJ/4 Hz). Then, specimens were restored with two adhesive systems, an etch-and-rinse or a self-etch system. Although ultrastructural examination showed a modified surface in the irradiated dentin, there was no statistical difference in bond strength values between the laser groups and controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of Er:YAG laser for ablating human dentin did not alter the main adhesion parameters when compared with those obtained by conventional methods, thus reinforcing its use in restorative dentistry.

Portal de peri??dicos da Capes

O Portal de Peri??dicos da Capes disponibiliza ??s institui????es de ensino superior e de pesquisa, conte??do atualizado e de alta qualidade permitindo consultas e acesso aos textos completos de artigos publicados em 23.925 revistas internacionais, nacionais e estrangeiras e mais de 124 bases de dados com resumos de documentos em todas as ??reas do conhecimento. Tem como finalidade oferecer ??s universidades, institutos de pesquisa e organiza????es governamentais, n??o governamentais e particulares, onde se desenvolve a p??sgradua????o e a pesquisa do pa??s, informa????o cient??fica necess??ria ?? forma????o de recursos humanos de alto n??vel e desenvolvimento do conhecimento, tecnologia e inova????o. O acesso ?? biblioteca eletr??nica se d?? via internet, por meio do site www.periodicos.capes.gov.br, de forma gratuita ??s organiza????es autorizadas. Em 2009, foram baixados mais de 65 milh??es de documentos, entre textos completos e abstracts

Rede Nacional de Altos Estudos em Seguran??a P??blica (Renaesp)

A Rede Nacional de Altos Estudos em Seguran??a P??blica (Renaesp) ?? um projeto de educa????o permanente, democr??tica e qualificada, promovido a partir da parceria com institui????es de ensino superior ??? que recebem investimentos para realizar cursos nas modalidades presencial e a dist??ncia ??? para a promo????o de p??s-gradua????o na ??rea de seguran??a p??blica. O objetivo principal da rede ?? democratizar o acesso dos profissionais de seguran??a p??blica ??? sem distin????o hier??rquica ??? aos processos de aprendizagem e aperfei??oamento profissional. Busca-se difundir entre esses profissionais e as institui????es em que trabalham o conhecimento e a capacidade cr??tica necess??rios ?? constru????o de um novo modo de fazer seguran??a p??blica, comprometido com a cidadania e os direitos humanos. A iniciativa destina-se aos policiais federais, rodovi??rios federais, policiais civis e militares, agentes penitenci??rios, peritos criminais e guardas municipais. Presente em 26 estados, a Renaesp j?? capacitou 5.250 profissionais

Cart??o do cidad??o

O pagamento dos benef??cios sociais, efetuado no guich?? de caixa das ag??ncias, era um processo lento e oneroso ao cidad??o e ?? CAIXA. Envolvia elevado quantitativo de atendentes e significativo tempo para a execu????o de rotinas inerentes, principalmente no que diz respeito ?? qualifica????o e ?? identifica????o do trabalhador, ao tratamento da documenta????o e ?? coleta de assinatura no documento de pagamento, gerando elevado custo operacional. Em 1995, a CAIXA lan??ou o Cart??o do Trabalhador, que permitia o acompanhamento de lan??amentos do Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Servi??o (FGTS) e acesso ao saldo de cotas de sua participa????o no Programa de Integra????o Social (PIS), mas n??o tinha a funcionalidade de saque de benef??cios e n??o atendia os benefici??rios do Abono Salarial e do Seguro- Desemprego. A necessidade de aperfei??oar e integrar os processos de atendimento e pagamento desses produtos sociais levou ?? cria????o do Cart??o do Cidad??o, que proporcionou melhoria significativa na qualidade do atendimento ao cidad??o e minimizou os custos operacionais