Analytical study of implementation issues of NTRU

Nth-Dimensional Truncated Polynomial Ring (NTRU) is a lattice-based public-key cryptosystem that offers encryption and digital signature solutions. It was designed by Silverman, Hoffstein and Pipher. The NTRU cryptosystem was patented by NTRU Cryptosystems Inc. (which was later acquired by Security Innovations) and available as IEEE 1363.1 and X9.98 standards. NTRU is resistant to attacks based on Quantum computing, to which the standard RSA and ECC public-key cryptosystems are vulnerable to. In addition, NTRU has higher performance advantages over these cryptosystems. Considering this importance of NTRU, it is highly recommended to adopt NTRU as part of a cipher suite along with widely used cryptosystems for internet security protocols and applications. In this paper, we present our analytical study on the implementation of NTRU encryption scheme which serves as a guideline for security practitioners who are novice to lattice-based cryptography or even cryptography. In particular, we show some non-trivial issues that should be considered towards a secure and efficient NTRU implementation.

Analytical study of osteoporosis of maxilla in ovariectomized rats

The project applied analytical facilities to characterize the composition and mechanical properties of osteoporosis in maxillary bone using an ovariectomized rat model. It was found that osteoporotic jaw bone contained different amount of trace elements in comparison with the normal bone, which plays a significant role in bone quality. The knowledge generated from the study will assist the treatment of jaw bone fracture and dental implant placement.

An analytical study revisiting debate on interpretation of Article 38 of the Statute of International Court of Justice

Article 38(1) of the Statute of International Court of Justice (hereinafter ICJ) is today generally seen as a direction to the significant sources of international law, which the world court must consider in resolving disputes; however, the list is not exhaustive nor encompasses all the formal and material sources of the international legal system. Article 38 of the Statute of ICJ was written ninety years ago in a different world, a question is under debate in many states, whether or not sources mentioned in Article 38 of the statute are compatible with needs of 21st century ? In recent decade, many new actors come on the stage which have transformed international law and now it is not only governs relations among states but also covers many International Organizations. Article 38(2) does refer to the other possible sources but does not define them. Moreover, law is a set of rules that citizens must follow to regulate peace and order in society. These laws are binding on both the individual and the state on a domestic and international level. Do states regard this particular rule as a rule of international law? The modern legal system of states is in the form of a specified and well organized set of rules, regulating affairs of different organs of a state. States also need a body of rules for their intercourse with each other. These sets of rules among states are called “International Law.” This article examines international law, its foundation and sources. It considers whether international conventions and treaties can be the only way states can considerably create international law, or there is a need for clarity about the sources of international law. Article is divided into two parts, the first one deals with sources of international law discussed in Article 38 of the statute of International Court of Justice whereas the second one discusses the material and formal sources of law, which still need reorganization as sources of law.

Emotional experience in psychotherapeutic interaction : Conversation analytical study on cognitive psychotherapy

The dissertation examines how emotional experiences are oriented to in the details of psychotherapeutic interaction. The data (57 audio recorded sessions) come from one therapist-patient dyad in cognitive psychotherapy. Conversation analysis is used as method. The dissertation consists of 4 original articles and a summary. The analyses explicate the therapist s practices of responding to the patient s affective expressions. Different types of affiliating responses are identified. It is shown that the affiliating responses are combined with, or build grounds for, more interpretive and challenging actions. The study also includes a case study of a session with strong misalignment between the therapist s and patient s orientations, showing how this misalignment is managed by the therapist. Moreover, through a longitudinal analysis of the transformation of a sequence type, the study suggests that therapeutic change processes can be located to sequential relations of actions. The practices found in this study are compared to earlier research on everyday talk and on medical encounters. It is suggested that in psychotherapeutic interaction, the generic norms of interaction considering affiliation and epistemic access, are modified for the purposes of therapeutic work. The study also shows that the practices of responding to emotional experience in psychotherapy can deviate from the everyday practices of affiliation. The results of the study are also discussed in terms of concepts arising from clinical theory. These include empathy, validation of emotion, therapeutic alliance, interpretation, challenging beliefs, and therapeutic change. The therapist s approach described in this study involves practical integration of different clinical theories. In general terms, the study suggests that in the details of interaction, psychotherapy recurrently performs a dual task of empathy and challenging in relation to the patient s ways of describing their experiences. Methodologically, the study discusses the problem of identifying actions in conversation analysis of psychotherapy and emotional interaction, and the possibility to apply conversation analysis in the study of therapeutic change.

Therapeutic work with the present moment: A conversation analytical study of guidance into immediacy

Therapeutic work with the client’s present moment experience in existential therapy was studied by means of conversation analysis. Using publicly available video recordings of therapy sessions as data, an existential therapist’s practice of guiding a client into immediacy, or refocusing the talk on a client’s immediate experience, was described and compared with a therapist’s corresponding action in cognitive therapy. The study contributes to the description of interactional practice of existential therapy, and involves the first application of conversation analysis to a comparative study of psychotherapy process. The potential utility of this approach and the clinical and empirical implications of the present findings are discussed.

Analytical Study of Low-Field Diffusive Transport in Highly Asymmetric Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbon

We present a simplified theory of carrier backscattering coefficient in a twofold degenerate asymmetric bilayer graphene nanoribbon (BGN) under the application of a low static electric field. We show that for a highly asymmetric BGN(Delta = gamma), the density of states in the lower subband increases more that of the upper, in which Delta and gamma are the gap and the interlayer coupling constant, respectively. We also demonstrate that under the acoustic phonon scattering regime, the formation of two distinct sets of energy subbands signatures a quantized transmission coefficient as a function of ribbon width and provides an extremely low carrier reflection coefficient for a better Landauer conductance even at room temperature. The well-known result for the ballistic condition has been obtained as a special case of the present analysis under certain limiting conditions which forms an indirect validation of our theoretical formalism.

Sustaining cooperation on networks: an analytical study based on evolutionary game theory

We analytically study the role played by the network topology in sustaining cooperation in a society of myopic agents in an evolutionary setting. In our model, each agent plays the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game with its neighbors, as specified by a network. Cooperation is the incumbent strategy, whereas defectors are the mutants. Starting with a population of cooperators, some agents are switched to defection. The agents then play the PD game with their neighbors and compute their fitness. After this, an evolutionary rule, or imitation dynamic is used to update the agent strategy. A defector switches back to cooperation if it has a cooperator neighbor with higher fitness. The network is said to sustain cooperation if almost all defectors switch to cooperation. Earlier work on the sustenance of cooperation has largely consisted of simulation studies, and we seek to complement this body of work by providing analytical insight for the same. We find that in order to sustain cooperation, a network should satisfy some properties such as small average diameter, densification, and irregularity. Real-world networks have been empirically shown to exhibit these properties, and are thus candidates for the sustenance of cooperation. We also analyze some specific graphs to determine whether or not they sustain cooperation. In particular, we find that scale-free graphs belonging to a certain family sustain cooperation, whereas Erdos-Renyi random graphs do not. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first analytical attempt to determine which networks sustain cooperation in a population of myopic agents in an evolutionary setting.

A Novel Analytical Study of Different Channel Allocations and FWM Efficiencies in Optical WDM Systems

The optical WDM systems are usually affected by the Four Wave Mixing effects. This paper examines the different frequency allocations in terms of FWM efficiency for CWDM, DWDM and for three various proposed modes.

Numerical and Analytical Study on the Pull-in Instability of Micro-Structure under Electrostatic Loading

The one-mode analysis method on the pull-in instability of micro-structure under electrostatic loading is presented. Taylor series are used to expand the electrostatic loading term in the one-mode analysis method, which makes analytical solution available. The one-mode analysis is the combination of Galerkin method and Cardan solution of cubic equation. The one-mode analysis offers a direct computation method on the pull-in voltage and displacement. In low axial loading range, it shows little difference with the established multi-mode analysis on predicting the pull-in voltages for three different structures (cantilever, clamped-clamped beams and the plate with four edges simply-supported) studied here. For numerical multi-mode analysis, we also show that using the structural symmetry to select the symmetric mode can greatly reduce both the computation effort and the numerical fluctuation.

Analytical Study of Idealized Two-Dimensional Cellular Detonations

In this study, the idealized two-dimensional detonation cells were decomposed into the primary units referred to as sub-cells. Based on the theory of oblique shock waves, an analytical formula was derived to describe the relation between the Mach number ratio through triple-shock collision and the geometric properties of the cell. By applying a modified blast wave theory, an analytical model was developed to predict the propagation of detonation waves along the cell. The calculated results show that detonation wave is, first, strengthened at the beginning of the cell after triple-shock collision, and then decays till reaching the cell end. The analytical results were compared with experimental data and previous numerical results; the agreement between them appears to be good, in general.

An analytical study of the sea water slime with reference to bacterial flora

A detailed study of the primary film of slime with reference to the bacterial flora, its quality and quantity, as observed on different material surfaces exposed to sea water is carried out. A correlation has been established between bacteria and slime deposited on different surfaces.