A review of antifertility folkloric plants tested in laboratory animals

The use of natural active principals is widespread among a great proportion of the rural population, or by people who do not have easy access to medical assistance. These active principles are used as food or medicines, and even for purposes of contraception. It becomes necessary to establish a relationship between the folklore habits and current information on the nature of anti-fertility substances, and knowledge of their mechanisms. Anti-fertility agents may exert their actions in a number of areas, (hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, oviduct, uterus, and vagina), inhibiting synthesis and/or liberation of hormones (follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, and steroid hormones), ovulation, ovum transportation, and implantation process. Therefore, a review of literature was carried out, including of several plants used by women as abortifacient and anti-fertility agents to compare their effects with those obtained among laboratory animals.

Anonymi et Stephani In artem rhetoricam commentaria / consilio et auctoritate Academiae litterarum regiae Borussicae ; consilio et auctoritate Academiae litterarum regiae Borussicae

Collection : Commentaria in Aristotelem graeca ; 21, 2

1.° Pompeii commentarius in artem Donati. — 2.° Ars Capri de orthographia ; sive Flavii Capri, Grammatici vetustissimi, libellus de orthographia. — 3.° Agroecii libellus de orthographia, proprietate et differentia sermonis, ad Eucherium Episcopum ; editus in supplementum libri Flavii Capri de eodem argumento : sub finem multa desiderantur. — 4.° Anonymus de verbo, casibus et analogia. — 5.° Anonymi versus de veritate, de fide catholica, de spe, de misericordia et charitate. — 6.° Anonymus de metrorum generibus. — 7.° Sergii commentarius de litteris. — 8.° Maximi Victorini commentarius de ratione metrorum. — 9.° Metrorius de metris : in editis Maximo Victorino, in codice autem Basileensi Servio Honorato tribuitur. — 10.° Marii Servii Honorati, Grammatici, centimetrum.

Faurianus

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ambrosia artemisiifolia

1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Common ragweed) that are relevant to understanding its ecology. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation, impacts and management. 2. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a monoecious, wind-pollinated, annual herb native to North America whose height varies from 10 cm to 2.5 m according to environmental conditions. It has erect, branched stems and pinnately lobed leaves. Spike-like racemes of male capitula composed of staminate (male) florets terminate the stems, while cyme-like clusters of pistillate (female) florets are arranged in groups the axils of main and lateral stem leaves. 3. Seeds require prolonged chilling to break dormancy. Following seedling emergence in spring, the rate of vegetative growth depends on temperature, but development occurs over a wide thermal range. In temperate European climates, male and female flowers are produced from summer to early autumn (July to October). 4. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is sensitive to freezing. Late spring frosts kill seedlings and the first autumn frosts terminate the growing season. It has a preference for dry soils of intermediate to rich nutrient level. 5. Ambrosia artemisiifolia was introduced into Europe with seed imports from North America in the 19th century. Since World War II, it has become widespread in temperate regions of Europe and is now abundant in open, disturbed habitats as a ruderal and agricultural weed. 6. Recently, the N. American ragweed leaf beetle (Ophraella communa) has been detected in southern Switzerland and northern Italy. This species appears to have the capacity to substantially reduce growth and seed production of A. artemisiifolia. 7. In heavily infested regions of Europe, A. artemisiifolia causes substantial crop-yield losses and its copious, highly allergenic pollen creates considerable public health problems. There is consensus among models that climate change will allow its northward and up-hill spread in Europe.

Anatomia de galhas de ambrosia em folhas de Baccharis concinna e Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae)

Galhas de ambrosia são induzidas por dípteros (Cecidomyiidae) e desprovidas de tecido nutritivo, pois a larva do indutor alimenta-se de hifas de fungos. As galhas de ambrosia de Baccharis concinna e B. dracunculifolia são constituídas por uma única câmara larval, contendo um indutor. São observadas hifas de fungos. Nas galhas de B. dracunculifolia, as hifas ficam confinadas à câmara larval e as células do parênquima paliçádico mostram-se alongadas. Nas galhas de B. concinna, as hifas estão presentes também entre as células do clorênquima situadas ao redor da câmara larval. As células do clorênquima próximas à câmara larval alongam-se ligeiramente. As fibras pericíclicas do sistema vascular, em ambas as galhas, perdem as paredes secundárias. Quando o indutor está em fase pupal, as hifas de fungos aumentam em quantidade e preenchem várias partes da câmara larval. Nas hifas da galha de B. concinna verifica-se a presença de glóbulos lipofílicos, que estão ausentes nas hifas das galhas de B. dracunculifolia. Picnídios são observados somente nas galhas senescentes de B. dracunculifolia. Este trabalho é a primeira contribuição ao conhecimento de galhas de ambrosia na flora brasileira.

Observatiunculae circa artem antiquarum gentium celebriorum numismata adornandi, in specie numi Sabinae expositio

Variantti B.

Observatiunculae circa artem antiquarum gentium celebriorum numismata adornandi, in specie numi Sabinae expositio

Variantti A.

Petri cardinalis Alphabetum in artem sermocinandi, jusqu'à la lettre S.

Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques.

1.° Excerpta è variis Servii Honorati scriptis ad grammaticam spectantibus. — 2.° Anonymi versus elegiaci in philomelam. — 3.° Beati Eugenii, Episcopi, carmina nonnulla. — 4.° Anonymi commentarius in artem grammaticam Donati. — 5.° Anonymi carmen inscriptum : conflictus veris et hiemis. — 6.° Anonymi grammatica. — 7.° Aenigmata Aldhelmi : finis desideratur.

Colbertinus

1.° Arnulphi Rufi glossulae in libros fastorum Ovidii. — 2.° Anonymi commentarius in sermones, epistolas et artem poëticam Horatii. — 3.° Anonymi commentarius in Lucani Pharsaliam ; desinit in libro VIII.

Baluzianus

1.° Petri Pomponatii commentarius in Aristotelis libros de partibus animalium. — 2.° Ejusdem expositio in duodecimum Aristotelis metaphysicorum librum. — 3.° Expositio in artem parvam Galeni : finis desideratur. — 4.° Quaestiones in aphorismos Hippocratis.

Mazarinaeus

1.° Anonymi commentarius in Hippocratis aphorismos. — 2.° Commentarius in artem parvam Galeni.

Philiberti de la Mare

1.° Johannicii introductio ad artem parvam Galeni. — 2.° Philareti liber de pulsibus. — 3.° Theophilus de urinis. — 4.° Hippocratis aphorismi, cum commentario Galeni : interprete Constantino Afro, Cassinensi Monacho. — 5.° Ejusdem Hippocratis prognostica, cum anonymi commentariis. — 6.° Ejusdem liber de regimine morborum acutorum, cum commentario anonymi. — 7.° Galeni ars parva, cum commentariis Haly Rodoham, Aegyptii.

Bigotianus