759 resultados para algas marinhas


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X Congreso de Ficología de Latinoamérica y El Caribe. VIII Reunión Iberoamericana de Ficología 5-10 de octubre de 2014. Metepec, México.

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The present work is a revision on the ecological significance of the production of sesquiterpenes by the marine algae of the genus Laurencia (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta).

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de 32 espécies de algas marinhas das divisões Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta e Phaeophyta como fontes de α- e β-caroteno e α-tocoferol. Todas as clorofíceas analisadas apresentaram α- e β-caroteno. Os teores máximo e mínimo de α-caroteno foram detectados nas espécies do gênero Caulerpa e em Codium decorticatum, respectivamente; e β-caroteno foi mais baixo em Caulerpa mexicana e mais elevado em Ulva fasciata. Dentre as rodofíceas, 11 espécies apresentaram α-caroteno, com máximo em Botryocladia occidentalis. β-caroteno foi encontrado em todas as algas vermelhas analisadas com teores mínimo e máximo em Gracilaria caudata e Bryothamnion triquetrum, respectivamente. As feofíceas apresentaram apenas β-caroteno, com mínimo e máximo em Dictyopteris delicatula e Padina gymnospora, respectivamente. Na divisão Chlorophyta, α-tocoferol, foi máximo em Codium decorticatum e mínimo em Caulerpa prolifera. Na Rhodophyta, 12 espécies apresentaram α-tocoferol com teor máximo em Enantiocladia duperreyi. Na Phaeophyta, α-tocoferol foi encontrado com valores mínimo e máximo em Lobophora variegata e Dictyota dichotoma, respectivamente.

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Studies made with polysaccharides of seaweed have demonstrated that these present important biological and pharmacological activities. These composites had presented "scavenging" activity of free radicals, which is important in the mediation of the inflammatory process and in the pathology of diverse disease. Recently, this "scavenging" property has taken some researches to evaluate the antioxidant capacity from various polysaccharides. Considering the limited research with polysaccharides and knowing its largely employed by the pharmaceutical and foodstuffs industries, we have objective to verify the actions from fucans and galactans as antioxidants. The fucans are found in brown seaweed and the galactans (carrageenans) in red seaweed. The fucans were obtained from seaweed Padina gymnospora (F0.5 e F1.1 fractions), common to our coastline and one another fucan, fucoidan, was of origin commercial and extracted from seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. The λ, κ e ι carrageenans were also of origin commercial. The antioxidant activities were tested in superoxide and hydroxyl systems to generated free radicals and for the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation. The results obtained to inhibition of formation the superoxide radicals demonstrated that all polysaccharides presented scavenging activity of superoxide radicals. The fucoidan, F0.5 and F1.1 fractions presented IC50 of 0.058; 0.243 and 0.243 mg/mL, respectively, while IC50 of the λ, κ and ι carrageenans were 0.046; 0.112 and 0.332 mg/mL, respectively. The results to inhibition of formation the hydroxyl radicals demonstrated that all sample had low effect in the inhibition of the formation of these radicals, except the F0.5. For these radicals the IC50 were 0.157 and 0.353 mg/mL to the fucoidan and F1.1, respectively and 0.357; 0.335 and 0.281 mg/mL to λ, κ and ι carrageenans, respectively. All the samples were capacity to inhibition the peroxidation, it present the IC50 of 1.250; 2.753 and 2.341 mg/mL to fucoidan, F0.5 and F1.1, respectively. Already the λ, κ and ι carrageenans presented the IC50 of 2.697; 0.323 and 0.830 mg/mL, respectively. With these findings, we conclude that polysaccharides used in this study presented activity antioxidant, and that fucoidan and the λ carrageenan show a significant "scavenging" activity for the radicals superoxide and the κ carrageenan a significant inhibitory activity for the lipid peroxidation

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Malaria is a major parasitic disease worldwide, accounting for about 500 million cases and causing 2 million to 3 million deaths annually. Four species are responsible for transmitting this disease to humans: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale. The parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs and the usual limitations of the vector control implications are contributing to the spread of the disease. The most of significant advances in the search for new antimalarial drugs is based on natural components, the main ones being currently used antimalarial drugs derived from plants. Research on natural products of marine origin (particularly algae) show that some species possess antiplasmodial activity. Knowing that the coast of Rio Grande do Norte is home to several species of algae, the present study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antimalarial activity of ethanolic extracts of seaweed Spatoglossum schroederi, Gracilaria birdiae and Udotea flabellum against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain tests and in vitro using the murine model (Plasmodium berghei) for evaluation in vivo. These species were ground, macerated with ethanol for 24 hours and the extracts concentrated in rotaevaporador (45 ° C ± 5 ° C). For in vitro tests, the extracts were diluted and tested at concentrations between 100 and 1.56 μg/ml (seven concentrations in triplicate), in order to obtain IC50 of each extract. The cytotoxicity tests with macrophages and BGM were performed using the MTT colorimetric assay. BGM macrophages and cells were distributed in 96 wells per plate (1x 105 to macrophages and 1x104 cells per well for BGM) and incubated for 24h at 37 ° C. The ethanol extracts were diluted and tested at concentrations of 100 to 1,56 μg/ml (seven concentrations in triplicate). After periods of 24 hours of incubation with the extracts, 100 μg of MTT was added to each well, and 3 hours elapsed, the supernatant was removed and added 200 μl of DMSO in each well. The absorbance of each well was obtained by reading on a spectrophotometer at 570 nm filter. To evaluate the acute toxicity in vivo, Swiss mice received a single dose (oral) 2000 mg/kg/animal of each extract tested. The parameters of acute toxicity were observed for 8 days. For in vivo tests, Swiss mice were inoculated with 1x105 erythrocytes infected with P. berghei. The treatment was given first to fourth day after infection with 0.2 ml of the extracts in doses of 1000 and 500 mg//g animal. The negative control group received 0.2 ml of 2% Tween-20, whereas the positive control group received sub-dose of chloroquine (5 mg/kg/animal). The assessment of antimalarial activity was done by suppressing suppressing the parasitemia at 5 and 7 days after infection. The growth inhibition of parasites was determined relative to negative control (% inhibition = parasitaemia in control - parasitemia in sample / parasitemia control x 100), the mortality of animals was monitored daily for 30 days The results showed that algae Spatoglossum schroederi and Udotea flabellum showed antimalarial activity in vitro, with reduced parasitemia of 70.54% and 54, respectively. The extracts of the three algae tested showed moderate to high cytotoxicity. Algae S. schroederi and U. flabellum were active against P. berghei only at doses of 500 mg / kg with reduction ranging from 54.58 to 52.65% for the fifth day and from 32.24 to 47.34% for the seventh day, respectively. No toxicity was observed in vivo at the dose tested, over the 8 days of observation. Although preliminary data, the bioactive components in those possible seaweed may be promising for the development of new anti-malarial drugs

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In northeastern Brazil, the extraction of agar has increased considerably in recent decades mainly using macroalgae of the genus Gracilaria. The pressure of the harvest of seaweed of this genus has compromised the sustainability of this natural resource. Given the current framework of decline in production of algae in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, it is necessary the deployment of crops that will assist in the development of coastal areas. This research aimed to develop studies on growth, productivity, efficiency and quality of agar of G. birdiae so as to provide subsidies for crops on commercial scale. The study was carried out in dry and rainy periods using rafts of cultivation. Algal biomass and the physical and chemical parameters of water were measured every fifteen days. In laboratory, the resistance and quality of agar were analyzed. The relative growth rate (TCR) was determined by the formula: RGR = ln (final weight / weight initial). 100 / interval time of sampling. During the study, environmental factors as salinity and temperature remained relatively constant (around 35 PSU and 28°C, respectively). The mean values of biomass ranged around 1952.67 ± 576g in the rainy period and 1925.67 ± 450g in the dry period, and they presented no significant variations. The maximum value of growth (TCR) was recorded in the dry season (7.45%.day-1), with an average over the study of 4.35%.day-1. The yield of agar ranged from 22% to 15%, and its resistance ranged from 850 to 650g. cm². The average obtained for the two periods was approximately 750 g cm². These results demonstrate the great potential of Gracilaria birdiae for mariculture can be used as an sustainable activity for coastal communities

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Studies made with polysaccharides of seaweed have demonstrated that these present important biological and pharmacological activities. These composites had presented "scavenging" activity of free radicals, which is important in the mediation of the inflammatory process and in the pathology of diverse disease. Recently, this "scavenging" property has taken some researches to evaluate the antioxidant capacity from various polysaccharides. Considering the limited research with polysaccharides and knowing its largely employed by the pharmaceutical and foodstuffs industries, we have objective to verify the actions from fucans and galactans as antioxidants. The fucans are found in brown seaweed and the galactans (carrageenans) in red seaweed. The fucans were obtained from seaweed Padina gymnospora (F0.5 e F1.1 fractions), common to our coastline and one another fucan, fucoidan, was of origin commercial and extracted from seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. The λ, κ e ι carrageenans were also of origin commercial. The antioxidant activities were tested in superoxide and hydroxyl systems to generated free radicals and for the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation. The results obtained to inhibition of formation the superoxide radicals demonstrated that all polysaccharides presented scavenging activity of superoxide radicals. The fucoidan, F0.5 and F1.1 fractions presented IC50 of 0.058; 0.243 and 0.243 mg/mL, respectively, while IC50 of the λ, κ and ι carrageenans were 0.046; 0.112 and 0.332 mg/mL, respectively. The results to inhibition of formation the hydroxyl radicals demonstrated that all sample had low effect in the inhibition of the formation of these radicals, except the F0.5. For these radicals the IC50 were 0.157 and 0.353 mg/mL to the fucoidan and F1.1, respectively and 0.357; 0.335 and 0.281 mg/mL to λ, κ and ι carrageenans, respectively. All the samples were capacity to inhibition the peroxidation, it present the IC50 of 1.250; 2.753 and 2.341 mg/mL to fucoidan, F0.5 and F1.1, respectively. Already the λ, κ and ι carrageenans presented the IC50 of 2.697; 0.323 and 0.830 mg/mL, respectively. With these findings, we conclude that polysaccharides used in this study presented activity antioxidant, and that fucoidan and the λ carrageenan show a significant "scavenging" activity for the radicals superoxide and the κ carrageenan a significant inhibitory activity for the lipid peroxidation

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A grande diversidade de organismos marinhos e o seu potencial biotecnológico têm despertado a atenção e o interesse de cientistas das diversas áreas da biotecnologia. Como é do conhecimento geral, os produtos naturais são fontes potencialmente importantes para a descoberta de novos compostos nutricionalmente benéficos e farmacologicamente ativos. A descoberta de novas substâncias naturais e biologicamente ativas tem vindo a ser uma das apostas das indústrias farmacêutica, cosmética e alimentar, com o principal objetivo comum da descoberta de novas substâncias menos tóxicas e mais benéficas para a saúde humana, bem como da procura de novos alimentos funcionais. Além disto, existe um crescente interesse da ciência dos alimentos, pelos chamados grupos de alimentos funcionais, entre os quais estão as algas marinhas, que têm merecido especial reconhecimento por serem um grupo de alimentos capaz de proporcionar benefícios fisiológicos e nutricionais adicionais, em virtude da sua diversa e equilibrada composição química. As algas são organismos autotróficos e fotossintetizantes que pertencem a uma multiplicidade de nichos ecológicos e estão sujeitas às mais variadas condições ambientais, por vezes extremas. Esta situação tem como consequência a biossíntese de metabolitos secundários, sendo alguns deles compostos ativos com propriedades benéficas para a saúde, pelo que a sua utilização como ingredientes funcionais abre novas possibilidades no processamento de alimentos. […].

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As algas marinhas de Cabo Verde foram descritas pela primeira vez em 1822 por J. Forbes. Posteriormente vários investigadores estrangeiros em suas viagens esporádicas coletaram algas em várias localidades das ilhas de Cabo Verde, sendo a publicação de Askenasy (1896) considerada o ponto de partida dos estudos florísticos nestas ilhas. A presente investigação tem como objetivos atualizar o catálogo de macroalgas marinhas que ocorrem no arquipélago de Cabo Verde, sistematizando as distintas contribuições já realizadas; adicionar novos registros resultantes do estudo realizado em expedições marinhas BIOGES (setembro de 1996 e julho 1997), cujos dados ainda não tinham sido tratados de forma sistemática; aumentar o conhecimento ficológico destas ilhas da Macaronésia com o estudo sistemático da costa da ilha de Santiago; caracterizar a estrutura de fitobentos das comunidades da zona entremarés da ilha de Santiago; e estabelecer a relação da flora ficológica marinha de Cabo Verde com a flora ficológica das outras ilhas que compõem a região da Macaronésia e com a flora ficológica da costa ocidental africana. As coletas para o presente estudo foram realizadas durante duas Expedições Marinhas BIOGES, nos navios Islândia e Corvette, realizadas nos meses de setembro de 1996 e julho de 1997, respectivamente. Os pontos de amostragem foram escolhidos aleatoriamente em 8 ilhas, 5 ilhéus e numa extensa plataforma submarina rochosa, banco de Baixo João Valente. Para o catálogo florístico e estudos ecológicos das macroalgas marinhas dos costões rochosos do litoral da ilha de Santiago as amostradas foram recolhidas em nove estações da zona de entremarés da referida ilha, a saber: Cidade Velha, Palmarejo, Quebra Canela, Praia Baixo, Santa Cruz, Calheta São Miguel, Tarrafal, Ribeira da Barca e Rincão, durante os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2011 e 2012. Dos 132 táxons de algas identificados, catorze algas vermelhas: Apoglossum gregarium, Centroceras gasparrinii, Ceramium deslongchampsii, Ceramium tenerrimum, Ceratodictyon variabile, Champia vieillardii, Chondracanthus acicularis, Colaconema codicola, Erythrocystis montagnei, Jania pumila, Laurencia flexilis, Lophosiphonia cristata, Sahlingia subintegra e Wrangelia bicuspidata, para além de duas espécies de algas verdes: Anadyomene saldanhae e Valonia aegagropila são citadas pela primeira vez para as águas cabo-verdianas. Do mesmo modo, as espécies Apoglossum gregarium, Centroceras gasparrinii e Wrangelia bicuspidata podem ser consideradas novos registros para a região da costa ocidental da África e ilhas adjacentes. Contudo, a flora marinha das ilhas de Cabo Verde é muito semelhante a dos restantes arquipélagos da Macaronésia, embora muitas das suas espécies apresentam um caráter mais tropical. Como resultado desta tese de doutoramento se amplia o catálogo ficológico deste arquipélago, incrementando o número de espécies, em 16 espécies, passando de 330 para 346. No litoral da ilha de Santiago, a localidade de Quebra Canela apresenta o maior e a de Santa Cruz a menor riqueza e diversidade de espécies de algas. Os valores de riqueza de espécies, diversidade, similaridade e equitatibilidade indicam que não há uma variação e diferença significativa na composição, riqueza e diversidade de algas da zona de entremarés do litoral da ilha de Santiago. Os grupos morfo-funcionais de macroalgas que dominam nesta zona são algas crostosas, foliosas e macrófitas corticadas.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o efeito local, residual e sistêmico, de extratos de 17 espécies de macroalgas marinhas e de duas plantas aquáticas, sobre a antracnose do feijoeiro. Para tanto, os espécimes foram coletados, identificados, secos em estufa (50ºC/ 48 h), moídos e seus compostos extraídos com etanol. Plantas de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Uirapuru) foram cultivadas em vasos, em casa-de-vegetação. Os 19 extratos foram subdivididos e testados em duas etapas de seleção e comparação independentes, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições (vasos com três plantas). As plantas foram pulverizadas com extratos na concentração de 50 mg de peso seco/mL quando apresentavam o primeiro trifólio expandido. Para verificar o efeito local, as plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de 1,2 x 10(6) conídios/mL 4 horas após o tratamento, enquanto que para o estudo do efeito residual e sistêmico, as plantas foram inoculadas 7 dias após o tratamento. A severidade da antracnose foi avaliada 7 dias após a inoculação (dai) na planta inteira e no trifólio não tratado (efeito sistêmico), utilizando-se uma escala de 1 a 9. As algas e plantas que reduziram significativamente a severidade da doença foram comparadas em experimento avaliado aos 7 e aos 12 dai. O extrato de Bryothamnion seaforthii apresentou efeito local, reduzindo em 35% a severidade da antracnose, enquanto o extrato de Ulva fasciata demonstrou efeito residual com redução de 22% na doença aos 12 dai. Somente os extratos de Lemna sp. e U. fasciata reduziram sistemicamente a severidade de doença aos 7 dai na ordem de 55 e 44%, respectivamente, em relação à testemunha. O possível modo de ação desses extratos é discutido.