Immigration reform and agricultural labor /

Item 42-C

Agricultural labor in the Pacific coast states; a bibliography and suggestions for the research.

Cover title.

Agricultural labor in the San Joaquin Valley; final report and recommendations.

Mode of access: Internet.

Area variations in the wages of agricultural labor in the United States /

Includes bibliographical references.

A Study of extending unemployment insurance to agricultural labor in Hawaii /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Brentwood plan for agricultural labor : an interview /

Includes index.

La villa Montalto et l'idéal rustique de Sixte Quint

Constructed, beginning in 1576 by the architect Domenico Fontana, the Villa Montalto, named after the Cardinal Felice Peretti Montalto, was for a long rime described as having surpassed the splendor of all the villas in Rome. Located to the north of the city in an arid and practically deserted zone, between vineyards, Antique ruins and early Christian churches, the villa occupies a privileged place within the history of urban landscape. Elected pope in 1585, under the name of Sixtus V, Felice made his villa the largest that had ever existed inside of the walls, establishing the upper city of the Monti, the Città Felice, as a new economic and religious center, crystallizing his ambitions for a major territorial reform. By simultaneously focusing on the gardens, the painted decorations, the literature, and the architecture of the villa, but also on its economic and social role, this article proposes an original interpretation of the Villa Montalto, demonstrating the fundamental importance of the imagined landscape in the Rome of Sixtus V. Through the ideal space of his villa, the Pope sought to propose a new model of economic and social development necessary to the reform of the then poor and insalubrious Rome. The ultimate goal was none other than the reestablishment of a Christian Eden on Earth. Sixtus V thus placed himself within the lineage which, since Adam, had attempted through the virtue of agricultural labor, to atone for the original sin.

Difusão do trabalho agrícola formal no Brasil e sua dinâmica multiescalar

This paper aims to analyze the geographical dynamics of work from the spread of formal employment in the agricultural sector in Northeast Brazil. In recent years the region has had highlighted a growing movement to produce fruit for export, resulting in the promotion of important sociospatial transformations arising from the formation of a capitalist labor market. Data about the increase in the number of formal jobs show the impact of fruit growing agribusiness in the establishment of a new social and territorial division of labor. However, our study draws attention to the existence of a framework dominated for the vulnerability of the labor market by the persistence of seasonality and precarious working conditions.

Asalariados rurales en el Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la inserción laboral de los trabajadores agrícolas asalariados en el Valle de Uco, provincia de Mendoza. Partimos de entender que las características del mercado de trabajo agrícola condicionan las inserciones laborales generando prácticas sociales ocupacionales que se expresan en disposiciones, orientaciones y estrategias de estos trabajadores. Estos trabajadores se caracterizan por una inserción laboral precaria y/o inestable y la percepción de ingresos insuficientes y discontinuos, a lo que se suman las frecuentes condiciones de vulnerabilidad social de sus hogares de pertenencia. El artículo contiene una descripción de la esfera laboral en tanto campo social en que se desempeñan los trabajadores agrícolas en el Valle de Uco. Luego analizamos algunos elementos vinculados a la socialización en el trabajo, aspecto importante para comprender las relaciones sociales que fundamentan la constitución del mercado de trabajo agrícola y la construcción de las "disposiciones" de los trabajadores. En el siguiente punto describimos y analizamos algunos elementos que orientan la inserción laboral de los trabajadores agrícolas conformando sus estrategias laborales. Finalmente, analizamos la mediación del hogar en la inserción laboral de los miembros.

Asalariados rurales en el Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la inserción laboral de los trabajadores agrícolas asalariados en el Valle de Uco, provincia de Mendoza. Partimos de entender que las características del mercado de trabajo agrícola condicionan las inserciones laborales generando prácticas sociales ocupacionales que se expresan en disposiciones, orientaciones y estrategias de estos trabajadores. Estos trabajadores se caracterizan por una inserción laboral precaria y/o inestable y la percepción de ingresos insuficientes y discontinuos, a lo que se suman las frecuentes condiciones de vulnerabilidad social de sus hogares de pertenencia. El artículo contiene una descripción de la esfera laboral en tanto campo social en que se desempeñan los trabajadores agrícolas en el Valle de Uco. Luego analizamos algunos elementos vinculados a la socialización en el trabajo, aspecto importante para comprender las relaciones sociales que fundamentan la constitución del mercado de trabajo agrícola y la construcción de las "disposiciones" de los trabajadores. En el siguiente punto describimos y analizamos algunos elementos que orientan la inserción laboral de los trabajadores agrícolas conformando sus estrategias laborales. Finalmente, analizamos la mediación del hogar en la inserción laboral de los miembros.

Asalariados rurales en el Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la inserción laboral de los trabajadores agrícolas asalariados en el Valle de Uco, provincia de Mendoza. Partimos de entender que las características del mercado de trabajo agrícola condicionan las inserciones laborales generando prácticas sociales ocupacionales que se expresan en disposiciones, orientaciones y estrategias de estos trabajadores. Estos trabajadores se caracterizan por una inserción laboral precaria y/o inestable y la percepción de ingresos insuficientes y discontinuos, a lo que se suman las frecuentes condiciones de vulnerabilidad social de sus hogares de pertenencia. El artículo contiene una descripción de la esfera laboral en tanto campo social en que se desempeñan los trabajadores agrícolas en el Valle de Uco. Luego analizamos algunos elementos vinculados a la socialización en el trabajo, aspecto importante para comprender las relaciones sociales que fundamentan la constitución del mercado de trabajo agrícola y la construcción de las "disposiciones" de los trabajadores. En el siguiente punto describimos y analizamos algunos elementos que orientan la inserción laboral de los trabajadores agrícolas conformando sus estrategias laborales. Finalmente, analizamos la mediación del hogar en la inserción laboral de los miembros.

Sugar and coffee: A history of settler agriculture in nineteenth-century Liberia

This dissertation is about commercial agriculture in nineteenth-century Liberia. Based primarily on the archives of the American Colonization Society (founder of Liberia), it examines the impact of environmental and demographic constraints on an agrarian settler society from 1822 to the 1890s. Contrary to the standard interpretation, which linked the poor state of commercial agriculture to the settlers' disdain for cultivation, this dissertation argues that the scarcity of labor and capital impeded the growth of commercial agriculture. The causes of the scarcity were high mortality, low immigration and the poverty of the American “Negroes” who began to settle Liberia in 1822. ^ Emigration to Liberia meant almost certain death and affliction for many immigrants because they encountered a new set of diseases. Mortality was particularly high during the early decades of colonization. From 1822 to 1843, about 48 percent of all immigrants died of various causes, usually within their first year. The bulk of the deaths is attributed to malaria. There was no natural increase in the population for this early period and because American “Negroes” were unenthusiastic about relocation to Liberia, immigration remained sparse throughout the century. Low immigration, combined with the high death rate, deprived the fledgling colony of its potential human resource, especially for the cultivation of labor-intensive crops, like sugar cane and coffee. Moreover, even though females constituted approximately half of the settlers, they seldom performed agricultural labor. ^ The problem of labor was compounded by the scarcity of draft animals. Liberia is in the region where trypanosomiasis occurs. The disease is fatal to large livestock. Therefore, animal-drawn plows, common in the United States, were never successfully transplanted in Liberia. Besides, the dearth of livestock obstructed the development of the sugar industry since many planters depended on oxen-powered mills because they could not afford to buy the more expensive steam engine mills. ^ Finally, nearly half of the immigrants were newly emancipated slaves. Usually these former bondsmen arrived in Liberia penniless. Consequently, they lacked the capital to invest in large-scale plantations. The other categories of immigrants (e.g., those who purchased their freedom), were hardly better off than the emancipated slaves. ^