The Cultural Dimensions of the Vietnamese Private Entrepreneurship

In this essay, we explore cultural impacts on the private entrepreneurship in the post-Doi Moi Vietnam. Some important aspects of the traditional cultural values of the Vietnamese society are explored in conjunction with the socio-economic changes over the past two decades. Traditional cultural values continue to have strong impacts on the Vietnamese society, and to a large extent to adversely affect the entrepreneurial spirit of the community. Typical constraints private entrepreneurs face may have roots in the cultural facet as legacy of the Confucian society, such as relationship-based bank credit. Low quality business education is both victim and culprit of the long-standing tradition that looks down on the role of private entrepreneurship in the country.

Examining Relationships between Culture, Creativity and Business Stage in an Emerging Market: A Categorical Data Analysis of Vietnam’s Data Set

In this article, we offer a new way of exploring relationships between three different dimensions of a business operation, namely the stage of business development, the methods of creativity and the major cultural values. Although separately, each of these has gained enormous attention from the management research community, evidenced by a large volume of research studies, there have been not many studies that attempt to describe the logic that connect these three important aspects of a business; let alone empirical evidences that support any significant relationships among these variables. The paper also provides a data set and an empirical investigation on that data set, using a categorical data analysis, to conclude that examinations of these possible relationships are meaningful and possible for seemingly unquantifiable information. The results also show that the most significant category among all creativity methods employed in Vietnamese enterprises is the “creative disciplines” rule in the “entrepreneurial phase,” while in general creative disciplines have played a critical role in explaining the structure of our data sample, for both stages of development in our consideration.

Religion and Economic Growth: Was Weber Right?

Evidence of falling wages in Catholic cities and rising wages in Protestant cities between 1500 and 1750, during the spread of literacy in the vernacular, is inconsistent with most theoretical models of economic growth. In The Protestant Ethic, Weber suggested an alternative explanation based on culture. Here, a theoretical model confirms that a small change in the subjective cost of cooperating with strangers can generate a profound transformation in trading networks. In explaining urban growth in early-modern Europe, specifications compatible with human-capital versions of the neoclassical model and endogenous-growth theory are rejected in favor of a “small-world” formulation based on the Weber thesis.

Aktivierung kommunaler Nachhaltigkeitspotentiale in den Bereichen Ernährung und Energiewirtschaft

Im Zuge dieser Arbeit werden die Entstehungszusammenhänge vorhandener und teilweise auch de facto genutzter Nachhaltigkeitspotentiale ausgewählter Gemeinden Nordhessens beleuchtet. Die Gemeinde als bürgernahste staatliche Verwaltungseinheit, welche aktiv auf das Verhalten von Menschen und Unternehmen Einfluss nehmen kann, endet dabei nicht an der verwaltungsrechtlichen und politischen Gemeindegrenze. Aus Gründen der Handhabbarkeit des Promotionsvorhabens beschränkt sich der Autor auf die getrennt voneinander zu betrachtenden Arenen der Ernährung und Energiewirtschaft. Ziel dieses Vergleiches ist es, diejenigen Gemeinden benennen zu können, welche von sich und anderen Gemeinden als Musterschüler angesehen werden und die Gründe zu eruieren, welche Faktoren für diese subjektiv positive Entwicklung entscheidend waren und sind. Umgekehrt gilt es, für Gemeinden mit Nachholbedarf im Bereich nachhaltiger Ernährung und Energiewirtschaft, die hemmenden Faktoren herauszufinden. Auf der Ebene der Gemeinde gibt es zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, energiesparende und klimarelevante Maßnahmen durchzuführen oder etwa eine regional-biologische Schulspeisung einzuführen. Niemand ist für eine Klimaveränderung mit katastrophalen Auswirkungen auf unsere Lebensverhältnisse in der Zukunft. Das Verhalten der entscheidenden Akteure legt es aber nahe, dass eine “derartige Veränderung mit zunehmender Wahrscheinlichkeit eintreten wird. Warum gibt es diese Diskrepanz? Dafür lassen sich zwei wesentliche Gründe anführen: die Unwissenheit über die Zusammenhänge und das Ausmaß der Bedrohung sowie die Gleichgültigkeit oder auch der Mangel an Verantwortung gegenüber der Zukunft.” Zum aktuellen Stand der globalen Nachhaltigkeit ist festzustellen: „Der Weltklimagipfel 2009 in Kopenhagen brachte keine spürbaren Fortschritte in Sachen Nachhaltigkeit, hier wurden im Bezug auf die Klimaerwärmung nur vage Ziele formuliert. Es gab zwar eine Abschlusserklärung, diese wurde aber nicht abgestimmt. Den teilnehmenden Ländern bleibt es somit freigestellt, ob sie den Text annehmen und umsetzen oder eben nicht.“ Aufgrund des besagten partiellen Versagens der nationalen und internationalen Ebene steigt die Verantwortung der kommunalen Ebene, welche sich ansonsten auf die Erfolge der Erstgenannten hätte berufen können. Auf der Ebene der Gemeinde gibt es zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, energiesparende und klimarelevante Maßnahmen durchzuführen, dies gilt auch noch nach dem Klimagipfel in Cancún, der seine Wirksamkeit erst noch beweisen muss.

Salmonella spp. em ovos brancos para consumo humano

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pesquisa de Salmonella spp. em lotes de galinhas de postura comercial vacinadas e n ão vacinadas contra Salmonella Enteritidis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Demanda energética na colheita, degradabilidade e digestibilidade da silagem de híbridos de milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Demanda energética na colheita de híbridos de milho para silagem em função do estádio de maturidade e tamanho de partícula

Corn is the crop most used for making silage. The efficiency of the process should also be evaluated by cost per kg of dry matter harvested (kgDM). The objective of this study was to evaluate energy consumption in the harvest of corn hybrids for silage depending on the texture of the hybrid, four and three harvest maturities of particle sizes - Tp was used a tractor Massey Ferguson MF 610 model 86 cv. Cutting and harvesting the forage harvester is used model JF92 Z10. To obtain data on fuel consumption (CC) and time spent for each plot, we used a flow meter, installed near the fuel filter of the tractor. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot. The interaction between factors triple stage hybrid * Harvest * Tp. The velocity and displacement of the tractor were different for the maturities for hybrid hard texture. The CC schedule for hybrid dent increased harvest maturity earlier and at lower Tp. Consumption was lower by kgDM later maturity, hard texture and bite respectively. The theoretical power was higher in earlier maturity and yield were higher for hybrid hard texture in the most advanced. The CC was lower in late maturity and the hybrid hard texture can be used for silage in relation to the Cc and income in later maturity in higher Tp.

Salmonella serovars in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs from a region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Live benthic foraminifera in surface sediments of the Indo-Pakistan continental margin

The Indo-Pakistan Continental Margin represents an extreme habitat for benthic foraminifera since (1) high fluxes of organic matter offer a high food supply, (2) an intensified oxygen minimum Zone (OMZ) develops from the base of the euphotic Zone to water depths over 1000 m and (3) the monsoon causes seasonal oscillations within the biogeochemical cycle. At three stations from the uppermost (233 m), the central (658 m) and the deeper part (902 m) of the OMZ, living benthic foraminiferal assemblages were analyzed within the uppermost 10 cm of the sediment column. The ecologic structure of foraminiferal faunas is characterized by high abundances at the sediment surface and a rapid decrease within the uppermost 2 cm of the sediment column. Despite dysoxic to suboxic bottom-water conditions, stained benthic foraminifera occurred in all cores down to the base of the sampled interval. High surface abundances, a high dominance by few endobenthic calcareous taxa and a low diversity, which may result from specific physiological adaptations to almost anoxic conditions and the absence of predators, are recognized in the central part of the OMZ. The upper and lower margins of the OMZ are characterized by higher diversities and lower abundances. The shallowest part of the OMZ is dominated by calcareous foraminifera, whereas agglutinated species are the most common taxa in the deeper part. Comparisons with previous studies show that benthic foraminiferal assemblages, that are influenced by seasonal oscillations controlling food supply and/or the availability of oxygen, show variations in faunal density and species composition. Since there is strong evidence that oxygen is not a limiting factor for some taxa, it seems more likely that the distribution pattern of benthic foraminifera is preferentially controlled by trophic conditions.