352 resultados para Yanghai Tombs


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古民族植物学(Paleoethnobotany)在我国尚属一个比较年轻的学科,其主要研究对象是先民们所栽培或利用过的植物遗存(Plant remains),目的在于揭示古代人们对食物的选择,栽培植物的起源,早期农业的出现以及居址周围的自然与生态环境。吐鲁番地区降水稀少。干燥的环境,使得考古遗址中的植物遗存得以完好的保存。本论文首次对吐鲁番洋海墓地(2500 B. P. )的包括木材、果实、种子、茎杆、叶片等在内的植物遗存进行了系统的研究,依此分析了当时的植被及环境,并对与当时的土著居民密切相关的植物类群进行了详细研究。 研究表明,吐鲁番洋海墓地植物群包括木材、禾本科粮食作物、杂草及其它植物共18 种。其中我们详细研究了14 种,隶属于7 科14 属,它们分别为禾本科黍属中的黍(Panicum miliaceum),大麦属中的青稞(Hordeum vulgare var. nudum),小麦属中的普通小麦(Triticum aestivum),芦苇属的芦苇(Phragmites australis),虎尾草属的虎尾草(Chloris virgata),小獐毛属的小獐毛(Aeluropus pungens var. pungens),稗属的稗子(Echinochloa crusgali),大麻科大麻属中的大麻(Cannabis sativa),紫草科紫草属中的小花紫草(Lithospermum officinale), 豆科槐属中的苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides),茄科枸杞属中的黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum),松科云杉属中的云杉属未定种(Picea sp.), 杨柳科杨属的胡杨(Popules euphratica)及柳属未定种(Salix sp.)。研究表明,这些植物遗存渗透到古洋海人生活的方方面面。其中,粮食作物为可能以黍为主,以普通小麦及青稞为辅;用以作装饰的为小花紫草的小坚果;可能与其原始宗教及医药相关的为大麻;与建筑相关的植物有芦苇、黑果枸杞、云杉(Picea sp.)、胡杨及柳(Salix sp.)等;与当地居民意义不大的杂草有稗子、苦豆子、小獐毛、虎尾草等。其中,大麻及小花紫草遗存的出土意味着当时的土著居民对当地的植物已经有了很高的认识水平;黍、青稞及普通小麦的出土意味着他们可能与东西方文化均有接触,为东西方文明的交融起了桥梁作用;所出土的部份植物如小獐毛、小花紫草、柳、苦豆子,尤其是稗子、芦苇及香蒲属植物等都属于喜湿植物。这说明,在当时的洋海墓地周边环境与今天相似,亦为一块植被丰富的绿洲,其中可能有大面积的湿地。

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Hillyard et al.'s Beyond Criminology: Taking Crime Seriously is an innovative collection that attempts to take criminology beyond state definitions of crime to discourses involving harm, or what the editors refer to as ‘zemiology’, or what could be called ‘social harm theory’. The central theme of the book is that ‘it makes no sense to separate out harms, which can be defined as criminal, from all other types of harm’ (p. 2). At long last, ‘harm’ is discussed with the theoretical and practical integrity it deserves as an academic and intellectual narrative. For too long it has been ignored or omitted from the criminological lexicon. This book ensures that it captures centre stage within analyses that refocus the agenda to deleterious acts not always covered by the state legislature...

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