The Amplifier - v. 9, no. 2

In this issue...M-Club, Senator Mansfield, Homecoming Queen, Kitte Keane, Glee club, Pan American Petroleum, Dale Jozovich, Butte Centennial, Geology

Engineering and mining journal.

Published by: Western & Co., 1869-1871; Scientific Publishing Co., 1871-1906; Hill Publishing Co., 1906-1917; McGraw Hill Co., 1917-1922.

Assessing the suitability of market approach valuation methods for mine and quarry valuations

An area of property valuation that has attracted less attention than other property markets over the past 20 years has been the mining and extractive industries. These operations can range from small operators on leased or private land to multinational companies. Although there are a number of national mining standards that indicate the type of valuation methods that can be adopted for this asset class, these standards do not specify how or when these methods are best suited to particular mine operations. The RICS guidance notes and the draft IVSC guidance notes also advise the various valuations methods that can be used to value mining properties; but, again they do not specify what methods should be applied where and when. One of the methods supported by these standards and guidelines is the market approach. This paper will carry out an analysis of all mine, extractive industry and waste disposal sites sale transactions in Queensland Australia, a major world mining centre, to determine if a market valuation approach such as direct comparison is actually suitable for the valuation of a mine or extractive industry. The analysis will cover the period 1984 to 2011 and covers sale transactions for minerals, petroleum and gas, waste disposal sites, clay, sand and stone. Based on this analysis, the suitability of direct comparison for valuation purposes in this property sector will be tested.

Copula-based spatial modelling of geometallurgical variables

The most important aspect of modelling a geological variable, such as metal grade, is the spatial correlation. Spatial correlation describes the relationship between realisations of a geological variable sampled at different locations. Any method for spatially modelling such a variable should be capable of accurately estimating the true spatial correlation. Conventional kriged models are the most commonly used in mining for estimating grade or other variables at unsampled locations, and these models use the variogram or covariance function to model the spatial correlations in the process of estimation. However, this usage assumes the relationships of the observations of the variable of interest at nearby locations are only influenced by the vector distance between the locations. This means that these models assume linear spatial correlation of grade. In reality, the relationship with an observation of grade at a nearby location may be influenced by both distance between the locations and the value of the observations (ie non-linear spatial correlation, such as may exist for variables of interest in geometallurgy). Hence this may lead to inaccurate estimation of the ore reserve if a kriged model is used for estimating grade of unsampled locations when nonlinear spatial correlation is present. Copula-based methods, which are widely used in financial and actuarial modelling to quantify the non-linear dependence structures, may offer a solution. This method was introduced by Bárdossy and Li (2008) to geostatistical modelling to quantify the non-linear spatial dependence structure in a groundwater quality measurement network. Their copula-based spatial modelling is applied in this research paper to estimate the grade of 3D blocks. Furthermore, real-world mining data is used to validate this model. These copula-based grade estimates are compared with the results of conventional ordinary and lognormal kriging to present the reliability of this method.

"Mamíferos de médio e grande porte na Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Pará: riqueza, abundância e efeitos da fitofisionomia e do impacto da mineração"

A Floresta Nacional de Carajás é uma unidade de conservação federal localizada no sudeste da Amazônia, região Norte do Brasil. Juntamente com outras cinco áreas formam o Mosaico de Carajás com um contínuo de 1.307.000 hectares de área protegida. As principais fitofisionomias presentes no interior da unidade são a Floresta Ombrófila Densa e a Savana Metalófila. A unidade abriga a maior província mineral do mundo. A atividade de mineração promove diferentes impactos sobre a fauna principalmente através da modificação de paisagem originada pela supressão vegetal. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a composição da comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte através do levantamento de informações sobre a riqueza, a abundância e as diferenças entre a composição da mastofauna nas fitofisionomias de Savana Metalófila e Floresta Ombrófila Densa e suas alterações ocasionadas pelo impacto da mineração. Foram realizadas quatro campanhas em 19 trilhas que se distribuíram em áreas de Savana Metalófila e Floresta Ombrófila Densa impactadas e controle. A metodologia utilizada foi de transecção linear e armadilhamento fotográfico com um esforço total empregado de 432 km e 85.920 horas, para cada um dos métodos, respectivamente. A comunidade de mastofauna de médio e grande porte apresentou 43 espécies distribuídas em oito ordens, com um aumento de 41% de novos registros para a região. A composição da comunidade de mastofauna apresentou diferenças quanto a riqueza e a abundância das espécies nas duas fitofisionomias e quanto ao efeito do impacto da mineração. O presente trabalho trouxe avanços em relação à lista de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte e aumentou o conhecimento a respeito da composição desta fauna em ambientes de floresta e de savana na Floresta Nacional de Carajás. Trouxe informações acerca dos impactos sobre a mastofauna e identificou importantes sensibilidades de algumas espécies frente à mineração, contribuindo para a busca do equilíbrio entre a mineração e a conservação.

Günter Strauss e a Colecção de Minerais do Museu Mineiro do Louzal

Günter Strauss is Ph.D. in geology from the University of Munich in 1965. He is a German living by long time in Spain. Naw he is a SAPEC High Advisser His doctoral thesis, submitted in 1965, with the title "About the Geology of the Province of pyrite Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and its oil fields, especially in the pyrite mine Louzal - Portugal" Systematized the term" Iberian Pyrite Belt ", called for the deposits of iron ore cuprífera, rich in sulfur and other metallic minerals, which occurs between the rivers Sado and Guadalquivir, where they settled several mining complexes, of Louzal, Rio Tinto, through Castro Verde, Santo Domingo and Tharsis. Local mining tradition with an ancient where today seeks to preserve the legacy and memory of mining through measures to enhance equity. The result of work carried out Louzal then formed the basis of geological and documentary collection that has survived and has been proposed for cultural units under the activities of the mining museum Louzal. The richness and importance of this collection, consisting of several hundred documents, geological samples classified, minerals and cartography, comes from its presence Situ"In its state of preservation, that despite the various threats it is still within reach of their preservation, and the relative rarity of such collections, with the units of mining production. This communication aims to reveal the contribution of Mr Strauss for the formation of this collection and submit his proposal for cultural units, with the hope that those responsible for safeguarding them understand the need for its preservation and dissemination. So discuss the scientific and professional way Günter Strauss, a geologic formation of the estate of Mines Louzal, and the draft musealization proposition.

Environmental risk assessment in open pit blasting operations: compliance with ISO 31010:2010

All activities of an organization involve risks that should be managed. The risk management process aids decision making by taking account of uncertainty and the possibility of future events or circumstances (intended or unintended) and their effects on agreed objectives. With that idea, new ISO Standard has been drawn up. ISO 31010 has been recently issued which provides a structured process that identifies how objectives may be affected, and analyses the risk in term of consequences and their probabilities before deciding on whether further treatment is required. In this lecture, that ISO Standard has been adapted to Open Pit Blasting Operations, focusing in Environmental effects which can be managed properly. Technique used is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), which is applied in all possible scenarios, providing to Blasting Professionals the tools to identify, analyze and manage environmental effects in blasting operations. Also this lecture can help to minimize each effect, studying each case. This paper also can be useful to Project Managers and Occupational Health and Safety Departments (OH&S) because blasting operations can be evaluated and compared one to each other to determine the risks that should be managed in different case studies. The environmental effects studied are: ground vibrations, flyrock and air overpressure (airblast). Sometimes, blasting operations are carried out near populated areas where environmental effects may impose several limitations on the use of explosives. In those cases, where these factors approach certain limits, National Standards and Regulations have to be applied.

The Amplifier - v. 13, no. 2

In this issue...Faculty Women's Club, Miss Montana, Mining Museum, Climbing Club, NASA, Butte Civic Center, Oredigger Football, Mrs. Loretta Peck, Library Remodel

The Amplifier - v. 16, no. 9

In this issue...Earth Day, Summer Work, Turtle Race, Gun Club, Mining Museum, Egg Drop, Magma, Basketball Camp, Library, Coed Housing, Hennessy's, Elections

The British Museum timeline of the ancient world : Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome.

Basándose en la colección de antigüedades del Museo Británico, esta obra de referencia abarca el período comprendido desde los primeros asentamientos neolíticos hasta el final del Imperio Romano. En catorce páginas se describen los acontecimientos de manera cronológica y permiten comparar la evolución de las cuatro culturas Egipto, Mesopotamia, Grecia y Roma de una sola mirada. El cronograma está acompañado de treinta y dos páginas que ahonda en los antecedentes de las cuatro principales culturas. Cuenta con artículos ilustrados sobre las personas más importantes, lugares, objetos y acontecimientos.

Winners and losers from industry reforms in the developing world: experiences from the electricity and mining sectors

The reform of previously state-owned and operated industries in many Less Developed Countries (LDCs) provide contrary experiences to those in the developed world, which have generally had more equitable distributional impacts. The economic reform policies proposed by the so-called 'Washington Consensus' state that privatisation provides governments with opportunities to raise revenues through the sale of under-performing and indebted state industries, thereby reducing significant fiscal burdens, and, at the same time, facilitating influxes of foreign capital, skills and technology, with the aim of improving operations and a "trickle-down" of benefits. However, experiences in many LDCs over the last 15-20 years suggest that reform has not solved the problem of chronic public-sector debt, and that poverty and socio-economic inequalities have increased during this period of 'neo-liberal' economics. This paper does not seek to challenge the policies themselves, but rather argues that the context in which reform has often taken place is of fundamental significance. The industry-centric policy advice provided by the IFIs typically causes a 'lock-in' of inequitably distributed 'efficiency gains', providing minimal, if any, benefits to impoverished groups. These arguments are made using case study analysis from the electricity and mining sectors.

Mining streams of short text for analysis of world-wide event evolutions

Streams of short text, such as news titles, enable us to effectively and efficiently learn the real world events that occur anywhere and anytime. Short text messages that are companied by timestamps and generally brief events using only a few words differ from other longer text documents, such as web pages, news stories, blogs, technical papers and books. For example, few words repeat in the same news titles, thus frequency of the term (i.e., TF) is not as important in short text corpus as in longer text corpus. Therefore, analysis of short text faces new challenges. Also, detecting and tracking events through short text analysis need to reliably identify events from constant topic clusters; however, existing methods, such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), generates different topic results for a corpus at different executions. In this paper, we provide a Finding Topic Clusters using Co-occurring Terms (FTCCT) algorithm to automatically generate topics from a short text corpus, and develop an Event Evolution Mining (EEM) algorithm to discover hot events and their evolutions (i.e., the popularity degrees of events changing over time). In FTCCT, a term (i.e., a single word or a multiple-words phrase) belongs to only one topic in a corpus. Experiments on news titles of 157 countries within 4 months (from July to October, 2013) demonstrate that our FTCCT-based method (combining FTCCT and EEM) achieves far higher quality of the event's content and description words than LDA-based method (combining LDA and EEM) for analysis of streams of short text. Our method also visualizes the evolutions of the hot events. The discovered world-wide event evolutions have explored some interesting correlations of the world-wide events; for example, successive extreme weather phenomenon occur in different locations - typhoon in Hong Kong and Philippines followed hurricane and storm flood in Mexico in September 2013. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Oceanic ichthyology : a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers "Blake," "Albatross," and "Fishhawk" in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures / by George Brown Goode and Tarleton H. Bean. Pub. in connection with the National Museum and the Smithsonian institution.

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