Three generations of English women. Memoirs and correspondence of Mrs. John Taylor, Mrs. Sarah Austin, and Lady Duff Gordon.

Mode of access: Internet.

Solar Energy assessment based on weather station data for direct site monitoring in Indonesia

This thesis evaluates different sites for a weather measurement system and a suitable PV- simulation for University of Surabaya (UBAYA) in Indonesia/Java. The weather station is able to monitor all common weather phenomena including solar insolation. It is planned to use the data for scientific and educational purposes in the renewable energy studies. During evaluation and installation it falls into place that official specifications from global meteorological organizations could not be meet for some sensors caused by the conditions of UBAYA campus. After arranging the hardware the weather at the site was monitored for period of time. A comparison with different official sources from ground based and satellite bases measurements showed differences in wind and solar radiation. In some cases the monthly average solar insolation was deviating 42 % for satellite-based measurements. For the ground based it was less than 10 %. The average wind speed has a difference of 33 % compared to a source, which evaluated the wind power in Surabaya. The wind direction shows instabilities towards east compared with data from local weather station at the airport. PSET has the chance to get some investments to investigate photovoltaic on there own roof. With several simulations a suitable roof direction and the yearly and monthly outputs are shown. With a 7.7 kWpeak PV installation with the latest crystalline technology on the market 8.82 MWh/year could be achieved with weather data from 2012. Thin film technology could increase the value up to 9.13 MWh/year. However, the roofs have enough area to install PV. Finally the low price of electricity in Indonesia makes it not worth to feed in the energy into the public grid.

Diagnoses fungorum novorum in Insula Java collectorum / O. Penzig et P.A. Saccardo.

ser. 1-3

Género e Domesticidade na Indonésia : A Nova Ordem

Mulheres que garantam uma vida familiar calma e feliz e, sobretudo, proveitosa para as actividades do marido. Este foi um ideal acalentado por Jan Pieterszoon Coen, considerado como o fundador da autoridade holandesa no arquipélago de Insulíndia. Coen desempenhava papéis-chave na VOC2 no início do século XVII, altura em que os holandeses sucediam aos portugueses como potência europeia com mais influência no arquipélago. A presença portuguesa, entretanto, ficou limitada a poucas regiões, tais como Macaçar e a zona de Timor. Jan Pieterszoon Coen, já antes de ascender ao mais alto cargo, o de Governador Geral, delineou uma política de colonização para os postos holandeses, nomeadamente Batávia (actualmente Jacarta) como a sede da VOC na Ásia. Nesta política, o factor feminino tinha lugar de destaque. Segundo Coen, para contrariar os excessos e as bebedeiras, em suma a vida desordeira levada pelos homens europeus ao serviço da VOC, que prejudicava bastante o seu funcionamento, eles precisavam de uma relação estável com uma mulher, ou seja, de uma vida matrimonial.3 Os projectos demográficos de Coen e as iniciativas mal sucedidas, como o transporte de mulheres e em particular de meninas órfãs da Holanda, neste texto não serão abordados.4 Mas é significante que um dos primeiros protagonistas da expansão europeia no país agora chamado Indonésia dava tanta importância à responsabilidade das mulheres por uma vida doméstica serena e um marido contente. Neste artigo, que foca a situação das mulheres na Indonésia, nomeadamente nos anos 70 e 80 do século XX, serão abordadas várias influências normativas. Entre essas contam-se as ideias dos ocidentais que, durante os três séculos depois do governo de Coen, iriam aumentar o seu poder no arquipélago. No entanto, houve muitos outros factores, entre os quais a singularidade das culturas indígenas, descritas desde o início do século XVI por portugueses tais como Tomé Pires e António Galvão.

The importance of extinguishing secondhand smoke

Government policies have enormous influence on the health of nations. Arguably, this is illustrated most vividly with tobacco control. However, smoking continues to be a global problem and the major cause of preventable death. The countries with the highest per-capita smoking prevalence rates include (alphabetically) Bangladesh (20.9% of adults), Brazil (16.2% of adults), China (31.4% of adults), Germany (27.2% of adults), India (32.7% of men, 1.4% of women), Indonesia (34.5% of adults), Japan (43.3% of men and 12% of women), the Russian Federation (60.4% of men, 15.5% of women), Turkey (34.6%), and the United States(23.2%).1 Prevalence rates among younger people vary, but in the United States, 18.4% of youths still smoke.

An exploration of the roles of nurses working in emergency care services in general hospitals in West Java, Indonesia : a grounded theory study

A review of literature on the role of emergency nurses in Indonesia revealed a dearth of research. Anecdotal evidence suggests a lack of clarity in role definition which has led to uncertainty and role ambiguity. Despite advances in the development of specialist nursing roles in Indonesia, that of the emergency nurse remains unclear. This study explored the role of nurses working in emergency care services in three general hospitals in West Java, Indonesia. The theoretical framework is grounded in Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory. Data collection methods were observation, in-depth interviews and interrogation of related documents. Phase one of data collection involved 74 h of observation and nterviews with 35 nurses working in the three ED settings. For the purposes of theoretical sampling, a second phase of data collection was conducted. This involved a second nterview with eight participants from the three EDs. nterviews were also undertaken with the three key informants of nursing management of three related hospitals; key informants from the Indonesian Nurses Association; the Directorate of Nursing, Ministry of Health; and from the organization for ED nurses. Data analysis drew on Charmaz’s constructivist approach and the concepts of simultaneous data collection and analysis, constant comparison, coding, and theoretical sampling. The analysis generated four theoretical concepts that characterized the role of the emergency nurse: An arbitrary scope of practice, Struggling for recognition, Learning on the job and Looking to better practice. These concepts provided analytical direction for an exploration of the clinical and political dimensions of the role of the emergency nurse in Indonesia.

Fisheries and cage culture of three reservoirs in west Java, Indonesia; a case study of ambitious development and resulting interactions

The interactions between cage culture and wild fishery activities in three Indonesian reservoirs, Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur, of the greater Ciratum watershed, West Java, were evaluated using historical data and interviews with cage culture operators. In all three reservoirs, cage culture of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and later of common carp and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), were encouraged as an alternative livelihood for persons displaced by the impoundment. Currently, a two-net culture system, locally known as 'lapis dua', in which in the inner cage (7 × 7 × 3 m) is used for common carp culture and the outer cage (7 × 7 × 5/7 m) is stocked with Nile tilapia, is practised. On average each cage is stocked with  approximately 100 kg fingerlings each of common carp and Nile tilapia. The numbers of cages and production of cultured fish has increased in the reservoirs, but total and per cage production began to decline from about 1995 in Saguling from 2200 kg cage−1 in 1989 to <500 kg cage−1 in 2002, and in Cirata from a peak of approximately 2300 kg cage−1 in 1995 to approximately 400 kg cage−1 in 2002. In Jatiluhur, which has a considerably lower cage density, total fish production and production per cage has increased since 2000, and currently is approximately 4000 kg cage−1, close to production in the early years of cage culture activities. The cage culture operations also resulted in substantial nutrient loading, estimated at 3.2, 15.2 and 3.1 t of nitrogen and 134, 636 and 128 kg of phosphorous per year in the maximum years of production for Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur reservoirs, respectively. In later years, when cage culture production was high, fish kills occurred in the cages, and in Jatiluhur reservoir coincided with a dramatic decline in wild fishery catches. An attempt is made to determine the maximum number of cages for each of the reservoirs that will bring long-term sustainability of cage culture operations and the wild fisheries in the three reservoirs.

Women in politics in matrilineal society (a case study of West Sumatra, Indonesia)

 The study found that the West Sumatran matrilineal system offered limited support to female politicians who still experienced disadvantages in the national system. It concludes that there is a need to include aspects of local culture into regional electoral policy and for women to develop better political credential.

Analisi geochimica delle acque iperacide del lago craterico del vulcano Kawah Ijen (Java, Indonesia).

I laghi vulcanici sono corpi idrici che si posizionano all’interno di crateri originatisi da eruzioni idrotermali, idrovulcaniche o magmatiche. Dato il particolare ambiente di formazione di questi bacini, le condizioni fisico-chimiche delle loro acque riflettono l’influenza dei diversi “input” vulcanici quali gas e fluidi che risultano dall’interazione tra le acque sotterranee e i fluidi rilasciati da un corpo magmatico in profondità. Il presente lavoro consiste nella caratterizzazione geochimica delle acque del lago craterico del Kawah Ijen e nella definizione dei principali processi che la controllano, come i processi di diluizione, degassamento e precipitazione di fasi minerali. Tale definizione è la base conoscitiva necessaria per una più realistica interpretazione delle eventuali variazioni geochimiche spazio-temporali