Gold Company Claims, Witwatersrand, South Africa, 1895 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Bacon's new map of the Witwatersrand goldfields in the districts of Pretoria and Heidelberg, Transvaal, S. A. R. : shewing the main and other reefs, with the farms, gold mining company's claims and concessions : from information in the Surveyor-General's Department. It was published by G. W. Bacon & Co. in 1895. Scale [ca. 1:88,992].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 35S, meters, WGS 1984) projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, railroads, cities and other human settlements, administrative boundaries, farms, homesteads, main reefs, other reefs, probable connections, and mills. Includes also notes and inset: "Enlarged map of the farms Lanlaagte, Turffontein, Dornfontein & Elandsfontein, shewing the boundaries of the principal deep level gold mining coys. on the Witwatersrand goldfields" and a geological profile of the area north of Magaliesberg to the south of Witwatersrange.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Report on the AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference

The "AIDS Vaccine 2008" Conference was held in Cape Town, South Africa (October 13 to 16, 2008) and organized, under the aegis of the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, by Dr. Lynn Morris (Chair of the Conference) National Institute of Communicable Diseases; Dr. Koleka Mlisana from CAPRISA, University KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Dr. Glenda Gray from Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and Dr. Carolyn Williamson from Institute of Infectious Diseses. and Molecular Medicine, UCT, Cape Town (Co-Chairs of the Conference). Since the first AIDS Vaccine conference, organized in Paris in 2000, this was the first time it was held outside of the U.S. and Europe, and involved nearly 1,000 participants. Besides three Plenary Sessions with ten state-of-the-art plenary lectures and one Keynote Lecture given by Dr. A.S. Fauci (Director of NIAID, NIH, USA), the Conference was organized in nine oral sessions, four poster discussion groups covering a wide spectrum of scientific information relating to HIV vaccine research and development. Moreover three Symposia, two Special Sessions, one Roundtable as well as two Debates were held, the latter focusing on current controversial topics. The conference opening was memorable for a number of reasons: among these was the presence of South Africa's new Minister of Health, Barbara Hogan who, in her first speech in a major forum as a senior member of the SA Government, affirmed that HIV causes AIDS, and that the search for a vaccine is of paramount importance to SA and the rest of the world. A scientific summary of the Conference is reported in the present article, divided into four major topics: (1) vaccine concepts and design; (2) T-cell immunology and innate immunity; (3) B-cell immunology, neutralizing antibodies and mucosal immunology; and (4) clinical trials. © 2009 Landes Bioscience.

Pensando en un posdesarrollo desde Ikiam: análisis sobre la profesionalización, institucionalización y colonialidad del desarrollo

El interés de esta monografía será analizar al Desarrollo como un discurso originado en Occidente como espacio meta-geográfico. Este discurso se difunde y adquiere un carácter incuestionable a nivel internacional por medio de los procesos de Profesionalización e Institucionalización que gracias a la universalización de conceptos como la Pobreza ponen a diferentes grupos sociales alrededor del globo en situación de vulnerabilidad, una condición que permite ejercer en ellos la Colonialidad del poder, pues crean unas Identidades de inferioridad y anterioridad a Occidente que lo ubican como el punto de llegada deseado. Por medio de Ikiam como ejemplo, veremos que las alternativas al Desarrollo no son realmente alternativas a éste sino que siguen suscritas en su discurso gracias al proceso descrito anteriormente. Se propondrá el concepto de Posdesarrollo como opción para salir del Paradigma de Desarrollo occidental creado como certeza.

Advancing construction industry development, innovative research and new thinking

Academic writing has a tendency to be turgid and impenetrable. This is not only anathema to communication between academics, but also a major barrier to advancing construction industry development. Clarity in our communication is a prerequisite to effective collaboration with industry. An exploration of what it means to be an academic in a University is presented in order to provide a context for a discussion on how academics might collaborate with industry to advance development. There are conflicting agendas that pull the academic in different directions: peer group recognition, institutional success and industry development. None can be achieved without the other, which results in the need for a careful balancing act. While academics search for better understandings and provisional explanations within the context of conceptual models, industry seeks the practical application of new ideas, whether the ideas come from research or experience. Universities have a key role to play in industry development and in economic development.

Petrogenesis of dunite, wehrlite and websterite xenoliths from Kimberley, South Africa: Origin as mantle peridotites of cumulates

Dunite, wehrlite and websterite xenoliths occur amongst a large abundance of mantle xenoliths in kimberlites of the Kimberley cluster in South Africa. Up to know they have mostly been neglected. On the basis of texture, major and trace elements, oxygen isotopes as well as Re-Os isotope characteristics, they can be subdivided into two groups. A coarse-grained mantle peridotite group, comprising dunite, wehrlite and websterite xenoliths, that are similar to fertile peridotites and represent upper mantle assemblages that are differently influenced by mantle metasomatism. And a cumulate group, containing fine-grained Fe-rich dunite xenoliths that represent cumulates of flood basalt magmatism related to ~183 Ma Karoo and ~2.7 Ga Ventersdorp events in southern Africa. Dunite, wehrlite and websterite xenoliths have preserved a complex history of melt depletion and metasomatic re-enrichment events, which gives information about the different re-enrichment stages of the subcratonic lithospheric mantle and the spatial differences within the Kaapvaal craton upper mantle. Websterite xenoliths comprise orthopyroxene (40-85 Vol. %), clinopyroxene (5-42 Vol. %), garnet (4-10 Vol. %) and subordinately olivine, while dunite and wehrlite xenoliths contain predominantly olivine (65-100 Vol %) and subordinately orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and garnet. High melt depletion and a dunitic to harzburgitic protolith composition are reflected by high forsterite (Fo90-92) and high olivine NiO contents (2800-5000 ppm) and high orthopyroxene Mg# (Mg/(Mg+Fe)) of 0.91-0.93. Re-depletion ages of predominantly 2.9 Ga reflect a minimum age of melt depletion. Melt depletion ceased in conjunction with collision of the Kimberley block with the Witwatersrand block ~2.9 Ga ago. Subduction related re-fertilisation of the previously depleted mantle xenoliths is documented by i) amoeboid textured orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and garnet, which crystallized in schlieren along olivine grain boundaries, ii) high whole-rock SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, TiO2, FeO contents, iii) low oxygen isotope ratios in clinopyroxene and garnet of 4.8-5.4 ‰ and 4.7-5.3 ‰, respectively and iv) trace element compositions of wehrlitic clinopyroxene and garnet in equilibrium with high-pressure partial melts of eclogite. Trace element disequilibrium of orthopyroxene with clinopyroxene and garnet indicates a separate origin for orthopyroxene, on one side as primary mantle orthopyroxene in dunite and wehrlite xenoliths and on the other side as reaction product with Si-rich melts produced by partial melting of eclogite. This reaction triggered replacement of olivine by orthopyroxene in the surrounding mantle and produced the typical Si-rich composition of Kaapvaal mantle peridotites. Partial melting of eclogite at higher temperatures produced a second metasomatic melt with lower SiO2, but higher Al2O3, CaO, FeO, Ti, Zr, Hf and a low oxygen isotope ratio. This melt triggered clinopyroxene and locally garnet and rutile crystallization in percolation veins, replacing olivine and orthopyroxene in the Kaapvaal upper mantle. Additionally, websterite xenoliths have experienced late stage cryptic metasomatism by the host kimberlite melt, changing the trace element composition of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and garnet to different extent. Hence websterite and most fertile lherzolite xenoliths have experienced three metasomatic events: i) reaction with high-Si melt, ii) percolation of subduction related silica melt with lower SiO2 content and iii) cryptic metasomatism by kimberlite. In contrast, dunite and wehrlite xenoliths have only experienced the second metasomatic event. They represent mantle lithologies further away from metasomatising agents. The Fe-rich dunites comprise olivine neoblasts with subordinate olivine porphyroclasts and parallel-orientated needles of ilmenite, which may enclose spinel. The lower forsterite and NiO contents of olivine in Fe-rich dunites compared to mantle peridotite xenoliths (Fo87-89 vs. Fo93-95 and 1300-2800ppm vs. 2200-3900 ppm, respectively), rules out a restitic origin. Cr-rich spinels are remnants of the original cumulate mineralogy that survived a late stage metasomatic overprint related to the production of the host kimberlite, producing ilmenite and phlogopite in some samples. Olivine porphyroclasts and neoblasts have different trace element compositions, the latter having high Ti, V, Cr and Ni and low Zn, Zr and Nb contents, indicating contrasting origins for neoblasts and porphyroclasts. The dunites have high 187Os/188Os ratios (0.11-0.15) indicating young (Phanerozoic) model ages for most samples, whereas three samples show isotopic mixtures between Phanerozoic neoblasts and ancient porphyroclastic material. Most Fe-rich dunite xenoliths can be interpreted as cumulates of fractional crystallization of Karoo magmatism, whereas the porphyroclasts are interpreted to be remnants from the much earlier Archaean Ventersdorp magmatism.

New Law against an Old State: Land Restitution as a Transition to Justice in Post-Apartheid South Africa?

The research on which this text is based has been financially supported by the Berne University Research Foundation (2009–2011) as well as by an Ambizione Research Fellowship of the Swiss National Science Foundation (2012–2014). During my stays in South Africa, the Departments of Anthropology at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and the University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, provided me with welcoming and inspiring research environments. This article benefitted greatly from engaged discussions around its presentation at various occasions, notably our ECAS 2011 panel Transition and Justice: Negotiating the Terms of New Beginnings in Africa, held in Uppsala. I am particularly grateful to my co-convener and co-editor Gerhard Anders as well as Laurens Bakker, Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, Ben Cousins, Julia Eckert, Marion Fresia, Vinodh Jaichand, Steffen Jensen, Tim Kelsall, Hanri Mostert, Johanna Mugler, David O'Kane, Julia Pauli, Mats Utas, Julia Zenker and the anonymous referees of Development and Change for their critical engagements.

Moving from medical to health systems classifications of deaths : extending verbal autopsy to collect information on the circumstances of mortality

Funding A Health Systems Research Initiative Development Grant from the UK Department for International Development (DFID), Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Medical Research Council (MRC (and the Wellcome Trust (MR/N005597/1) funds the research presented in this paper. Support for the Agincourt HDSS including verbal autopsies was provided by The Wellcome Trust, UK (grants 058893/Z/99/A; 069683/Z/02/Z; 085477/Z/08/Z; 085477/B/08/Z), and the University of the Witwatersrand and Medical Research Council, South Africa.

The South African law reports.

Editors: 1911-1912, Percival Frere Smith; 1913-1924, Gey van Pittius; 1925-1946, R.P.B. Davis.