Biology and control of the western pine beetle : a summary of the first fifty years of research /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-381).

Final environmental impact statement for the suppression of the Southern pine beetle, Southern Region.

"February 1987."

Southern Pine Beetle : final report /

"30 September 1984."

The Southern pine beetle /

Includes bibliographies and index.

A sequence of destruction : mountain pine beetle and wildfire : Yellowstone National Park /

"9/93"--P. [2] of cover.

Site, stand, and host characteristics of southern pine beetle infestations /

"Southern pine beetle handbook"--Cover.

Modeling southern pine beetle populations, symposium proceedings : Asheville, N.C., February 20-22, 1980 /

"September 1980."

Evaluating control tactics for the southern pine beetle : symposium proceedings, Many, Louisiana, January 30-February 1, 1979 /

Issued Nov. 1979.

Field evaluation of phloem-mobile acephate for suppression of southern pine beetle /

"May 1981."

Solar treatments for reducing survival of mountain pine beetle in infested ponderosa and lodgepole pine logs /

"September 2001."

Rating the susceptibility of stands to southern pine beetle attack.

"April 1985"--P. [2]

Distinguishing immatures of insect associates of southern pine bark beetles /

Cover title.

Radiative forcing of natural forest disturbances

Forest disturbances are major sources of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and therefore impact global climate. Biogeophysical attributes, such as surface albedo (reflectivity), further control the climate-regulating properties of forests. Using both tower-based and remotely sensed data sets, we show that natural disturbances from wildfire, beetle outbreaks, and hurricane wind throw can significantly alter surface albedo, and the associated radiative forcing either offsets or enhances the CO2 forcing caused by reducing ecosystem carbon sequestration over multiple years. In the examined cases, the radiative forcing from albedo change is on the same order of magnitude as the CO2 forcing. The net radiative forcing resulting from these two factors leads to a local heating effect in a hurricane-damaged mangrove forest in the subtropics, and a cooling effect following wildfire and mountain pine beetle attack in boreal forests with winter snow. Although natural forest disturbances currently represent less than half of gross forest cover loss, that area will probably increase in the future under climate change, making it imperative to represent these processes accurately in global climate models.

Spiroacetals in the Colonization Behaviour of the Coffee Berry Borer: A 'Push-Pull' System

Coffee berries are known to release several volatile organic compounds, among which is the spiroacetal, conophthorin, an attractant for the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei. Elucidating the effects of other spiroacetals released by coffee berries is critical to understanding their chemo-ecological roles in the host discrimination and colonization process of the coffee berry borer, and also for their potential use in the management of this pest. Here, we show that the coffee berry spiroacetals frontalin and 1,6-dioxaspiro [4.5] decane (referred thereafter as brocain), are also used as semiochemicals by the coffee berry borer for host colonization. Bioassays and chemical analyses showed that crowding coffee berry borers from 2 to 6 females per berry, reduced borer fecundity, which appeared to correlate with a decrease in the emission rates of conophthorin and frontalin over time. In contrast, the level of brocain did not vary significantly between borer-uninfested and infested berries. Brocain was attractive at lower doses, but repellent at higher doses while frontalin alone or in a blend was critical for avoidance. Field assays with a commercial attractant comprising a mixture of ethanol and methanol (1:1), combined with frontalin, confirmed the repellent effect of this compound by disrupting capture rates of H. hampei females by 77% in a coffee plantation. Overall, our results suggest that the levels of frontalin and conophthorin released by coffee berries determine the host colonization behaviour of H. hampei, possibly through a 'push-pull' system, whereby frontalin acts as the 'push' (repellent) and conophthorin acting as the 'pull' (attractant). Furthermore, our results reveal the potential use of frontalin as a repellent for management of this coffee pest.