Underground injection wells and your drinking water.

Mode of access: Internet.

Appraisal of water resources in the east central Florida region

The rapidly expanding population and economic growth in the seven counties of the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council as shown in Figure 1, herein called the East Central Florida Region or the Region, has resulted in increasing demands on its water resources. Although there is abundant water in the Region as a whole, the water in some areas of the Region is of unacceptable quality for most uses. As the population increases the demand for water will become much greater and the available supply may be reduced by pollution and increased drainage necessitated by urbanization and other land development- Ground-water supplies can be increased by capturing and storing water underground that now drains to the sea or evaporates from swamp areas. Research is needed, however, to develop artificial-recharge methods that are feasible and which will preserve or improve the quality of water in the aquifer. (PDF contains 57 pages)

More about leaking underground storage tanks : a background booklet for the chemical advisory /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ground water contamination : hearings before the Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight and the full Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, first and second sessions: November 21, 1983--Bozeman, Montana; November 29, 1983--Washington, D.C.; January 18, 1984--Rochester, Minnesota; March 1 and 9, 1984--Washington, D.C.

Includes bibliographical references.

Integrated Surface-Ground Water Modeling in Wetlands With Improved Methods to Simulate Vegetative Resistance to Flow

This dissertation focused on developing an integrated surface – subsurface hydrologic simulation numerical model by programming and testing the coupling of the USGS MODFLOW-2005 Groundwater Flow Process (GWF) package (USGS, 2005) with the 2D surface water routing model: FLO-2D (O’Brien et al., 1993). The coupling included the necessary procedures to numerically integrate and verify both models as a single computational software system that will heretofore be referred to as WHIMFLO-2D (Wetlands Hydrology Integrated Model). An improved physical formulation of flow resistance through vegetation in shallow waters based on the concept of drag force was also implemented for the simulations of floodplains, while the use of the classical methods (e.g., Manning, Chezy, Darcy-Weisbach) to calculate flow resistance has been maintained for the canals and deeper waters. A preliminary demonstration exercise WHIMFLO-2D in an existing field site was developed for the Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment (LILA), an 80 acre area, located at the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wild Life Refuge in Boynton Beach, Florida. After applying a number of simplifying assumptions, results have illustrated the ability of the model to simulate the hydrology of a wetland. In this illustrative case, a comparison between measured and simulated stages level showed an average error of 0.31% with a maximum error of 2.8%. Comparison of measured and simulated groundwater head levels showed an average error of 0.18% with a maximum of 2.9%.

The behavior of dissolved uranium in groundwaters of the Morro do Ferro thorium deposit, Brazil

Groundwater samples were collected for several months in boreholes drilled at Morro do Ferro, a thorium and rare earth deposit located on the Poços de Caldas Plateau, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. An aquifer system has developed in the weathered mantle due to in situ intense alteration. The weathered zone includes a thick argillaceous laterite greater than 100 m thick. The U content and 324U/238U activity ratio were measured in the groundwater samples and in spoil samples of a borehole drilled in the ore body. Some possible mechanisms related to the mobilization of uranium are considered such as complexation with humic substances and adsorption by clays. © 1989.

Experimental investigation of soil and groundwater impacts caused by vinasse disposal

The problems caused by the residual effluents of wine distilleries for alcohol production are well known. The effluent effects in soil and groundwater are being researched in an area with sugar cane culture which receives, yearly, vinasse by dispersion. Samples are being collected from the soil, the groundwater and the existing creeks in the area. Four sub-areas are being monitored separately with a vinasse application of 300 m 3/ha year. Experimentation periods in each area have been 0, 5, 10 and 15 years. In the unsaturated zone, samples are being collected at depths of 25, 75 and 150 cm. The chemical analyses include macro and micro nutrients, organic matter and pH. Physical analyses give the soil water retention, hydraulic conductivity and soil particle distribution. These measurements permit the evaluation of nitrogen absorption and fertility changes of the soil. A tendency for the maintenance of soil fertility can be observed but with an elevation of nitrate concentration in groundwater.

Análisis de distintos procedimientos para el cálculo de la carga de hundimiento de pilotes

El rápido desarrollo industrial y el crecimiento de la población en cada país conllevan a la disposición de obras o edificaciones para satisfacer las necesidades; de vivienda, de vías de comunicación o de instalaciones industriales entre otras. Para la construcción de obras se plantean posibles sistemas de cimentación que incluyen; zapatas o losas de hormigón armado cuando superficialmente el terreno es competente y pilotes o sistema placa pilotes de hormigón armado cuando el terreno superficial es poco competente. Las cimentaciones por pilotes o definidas como profundas cuando L/D>6, se han construido en diferentes tipologías de materiales como madera, acero y hormigón armado, de secciones circulares, rectangulares, anulares y tipo H y de forma de inclusión en el terreno como hincados y Excavados a veces estos últimos también llamados preexcavados. Cada aspecto anterior en un diseño aborda consideraciones y restricciones, las cuales han sido definidas por la mecánica de suelos, la experiencia o por ensayos característicos, y que en cierta forma inciden en el procedimiento para determinar la carga de hundimiento o carga en el pilote equivalente a la resistencia ultima del terreno. En la literatura técnica existen muchos procedimientos para determinar la carga de hundimiento de cimentaciones profundas con pilotes. Estos procedimientos se definen en artículos, guías, manuales o normas. Entre todas ellas se seleccionarán algunas y para cada una de ellas se identificará cual es el enfoque, que parámetros son más representativos, cuales son las limitaciones o si se definen dentro de la misma norma otros procedimientos alternativos que se basan en resultados de otros ensayos característicos en geotecnia. Por tanto, el objeto del trabajo tiene como alcance comparar los distintos procedimientos de determinación de carga de hundimiento que vienen recogidos en las normas de mayor difusión en España y el manual del INVÍAS de Colombia. Las diferencias de cada uno de los procedimientos definidos en esta investigación se representarán analizando un ejemplo teórico y realizando graficas que muestren claramente las diferencias entre uno y otro. La estructura del trabajo se divide en cuatro fases, la primera la revisión bibliográfica y estado del arte, la segunda el análisis normativo y la determinación de la carga de hundimiento para un ejemplo teórico, con las diferentes metodologías definidas en Código Técnico de Edificación (CTE 2007), Guía de cimentaciones de obras de carreteras (GCOC 2003), Recomendaciones para Obras Marítimas (ROM 0.5‐5) y Manual de Cimentaciones superficiales y profundas – Colombia 2012, en la tercera etapa se indica los resultados y evaluación de las metodologías establecidas en valores de resistencia por punta, por fuste o resistencia global, y en la cuarta y última etapa se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones. De la revisión bibliográfica enmarcada en el capítulo 1 se obtuvieron buenas referencias sobre metodologías de cálculo, en este capítulo se mencionan y se presentan los aspectos básicos, y consideraciones más relevantes. La normatividad Europea enfatiza los criterios de cálculo en base a resultados de ensayos de campo adecuados como el CPTU (por sus siglas en inglés Cone Penetration Test with Pressure water Underground) y el presiómetro, ya que se obtiene valores en condiciones reales y no de modelos de laboratorio, lamentablemente en países en vías de desarrollo el temor a uso de estos métodos es básicamente por falta de experiencia y costo de los mismos. La optimización de los diseños de construcción de obras civiles permite reducir costos de ejecución y materiales, y estará siempre ligado a un buen control de ensayos sobre el suelo como de procedimientos de ejecución. La validez de los métodos solo será definida por el estado del arte, el tipo de suelo, el tipo de estructura, y en cada nuevo proyecto se deberá tener como mínimo esta información de cimentaciones regionales. Las normas definidas colocan en consideración varios métodos y de alguna forma proponen recomendaciones de diseño para reducir los posibles errores, esto puede lograrse al realizar los análisis por lo menos por un método analítico y por uno empírico. Lo anterior conlleva a que la exploración geotécnica sea redundante pero precisa.

Filtration as related to the removal of iron from ground waters /

Vita.

Isotope program : final report /

At head of title on cover: "U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Plowshare Program, Project GNOME, Carlsbad, New Mexico.

Rapid automated in-situ monitoring of total dissolved iron and total dissolved manganese in underground water by reverse-flow injection with chemiluminescence detection during the process of water treatment

Measurement of iron and manganese is very important in evaluating the quality of natural waters. We have constructed an automated Fe(II), total dissolved iron(TDI), Mn(II), and total dissolved manganese(TDM) analysis system for the quality control of underground drinking water by reverse flow injection analysis and chemiluminescence detection(rFIA-CL), The method is based on the measurement of the metal-catalyzed light emission from luminol oxidation by potassium periodate. The typical signal is a narrow peak, in which the height is proportional to light emitted and hence to the concentration of metal ions. The detection limits were 3 x 10(-6) mu g ml(-1) for Fe(II) and the linear range extents up to 1.0 x 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-6) mu g ml(-1) for Mn(II) cover a linear range to 1.0 x 10(-4) mu g ml(-1). This method was used for automated in-situ monitoring of total dissolved iron and total dissolved in underground water during water treatment. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

Water Treatment Goes Underground

This is an invited paper to 'The Chemical Engineer' published by IChemE (UK). The paper summarises the technology on arsenic removal from groundwater, which has been recognised by prestigious Ambani Prize of IChemE (UK).

Aquifers of Illinois : underground sources of drinking water and non-drinking water /

"September, 1981."