Santi africani venuti dal mare nell'agiografia campana altomedievale: la Passio s. Prisci e la Vita s. Castrensis tra storia e tradizione letteraria

Utilizzando fonti della più diversa tipologia (liturgiche, agiografiche, storiche, letterarie, archeologiche ed epigrafiche), lo studio condotto sulla Passio s. Prisci e sulla Vita s. Castrensis, entrambe con ogni probabilità composte da monaci benedettini a Capua tra X e XI secolo, si concentra innanzitutto sulle vicende che in quell'arco di tempo resero possibile la permanenza delle comunità di Montecassino e di S. Vincenzo al Volturno nel centro campano e sul riflesso che la loro presenza ebbe sulla vita politica e culturale della città. La Passio s. Prisci acquista una valenza non solo religiosa ma anche politica se messa in relazione con la quasi contemporanea istituzione della metropolia capuana; la Vita s. Castrensis, per la netta prevalenza dell'elemento fantastico e soprannaturale che la caratterizza, appare meno legata alle contingenze storico-politiche e più vicina ai topoi della tradizione agiografica e popolare. I capitoli centrali della tesi sono dedicati alla figura di Quodvultdeus, vescovo cartaginese esiliato dai Vandali nel V secolo, la cui vicenda, narrata da Vittore di Vita nell'Historia persecutionis africanae provinciae ha funto da modello per le agigrafie campane. La ricerca prende dunque in considerazione le fonti letterarie, i ritrovamenti archeologici e le testimonianze epigrafiche che confermerebbero la testimonianza di Vittore, riflettendo inoltre sui rapporti di natura commerciale che nel V secolo intercorsero tra Africa e Campania e sul forte legame esistente, già a partire dal secolo precedente, tra le Chiese delle due regioni, fattori che potrebbero aver facilitato l'arrivo degli esuli cartaginesi a Napoli. L'ultima parte del lavoro è volta a rintracciare le ragioni storiche e letterarie che possono aver spinto gli autori dei testi a trasformare due santi di sicura origine campana in vescovi africani venuti dal mare, favorendo la diffusione del topos nell'agiografia campana medievale.

Brevi osservazioni di un piemontese intorno alcune inesattezze di quattro racconti venuti in luce sopra la tentata rivoluzione del Piemonte nel 1821.

Mode of access: Internet.

[Book Review] Urban Maps : Instruments of Narrative and Interpretation in the City by Richard Brook and Nick Dunn, Ashgate, Farham, United Kingdom, 2011, 250pp. ISBN 978-0-754676-5-77.

Urban maps discusses new ways and tools to read and navigate the contemporary city. Each chapter investigates a possible approach to unravel the complexity of contemporary urban forms. Each tool is first defined, introducing its philosophical background, and is then discussed with case studies, showing its relevance for the navigation of the built environment. Urbanism classics such as the work of Lynch, Jacobs, Venuti and Scott-Brown, Lefebrve and Walter Benjamin are fundamental in setting the framework of the volume. In the introduction cities and mapping are first discussed, the former are illustrated as ‘a composite of invisible networks devoid of landmarks and overrun by nodes’ (p. 3), and ‘a series of unbounded spaces where mass production and mass consumption reproduce a standardised quasi-global culture’ (p. 6).

Les formes d’adresse dans un corpus de films français et leur traduction en finnois

The use of forms of address in French films and their Finnish translations The use of forms of address constitutes an integral part of speakers’ communicative competence. In fact, they are not only used to assign to whom the speech is addressed, but also to construct the relationship between speakers. However, the choice of a suitable form is not necessarily evident in modern, pluralistic society. By the notion form of address, I refer to pronouns of address (tu vs. vous) and different nouns of address like names, titles (Monsieur, Madame, Mademoiselle), kinship terms, occupational terms, terms of endearment and insults. The purpose of the present thesis is, first, to study the semantic and pragmatic values of forms of address in dialogues of modern French films, and, second, their translation in Finnish subtitles. It is evident that film language is not spontaneous, but only a representation of authentic speech, and that subtitles are a written version of the original spoken language. Consequently, this thesis studies spoken fictive dialogues and their written translations. The methods applied in the study are the Interactional and Pragmatic Approach as well as Translatology. The role of forms of address in an interpersonal relationship is studied with dimensions of distance and power (Brown and Gilman 1960, Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1992), whereas the pragmatic dimension permits studying in particular the use of forms of address in speech acts (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 2001). The translation strategies are studied with the help of Venuti’s (1995) notions of foreignizing and domesticating strategies. The results of the thesis suggest that the pronoun use in the studied films is usually reciprocal. However, the relations of power have not disappeared, but are expressed in a more discrete manner with nouns of address (for instance vous + Docteur vs. vous + Anita). The use of the pronoun of address vous seems still to be common, but increased intimacy is expressed by accompanying familiar nouns of address like first names. The nominal forms of address accompany different speech acts, but not in a systematic manner. In a dialogue they appear usually in the first speech act, and more rarely in the response, but not in both. In addition, they have an important role in the mechanics of conversation. The translators here face multiple demands, and their translations seem mostly to be a compromise between foreignizing and domesticating strategies.

Translation, Intertextuality, Interpretation

Intertextuality is central to the production and reception of translations. Yet the possibility of translating most foreign intertexts with any completeness or precision is so limited as to be virtually nonexistent. As a result, they are usually replaced by analogous but ultimately different intertextual relations in the receiving language. The creation of a receiving intertext permits a translation to be read with comprehension by translating-language readers. It also results in a disjunction between the foreign and translated texts, a proliferation of linguistic and cultural differences that are at once interpretive and interrogative. Intertextuality enables and complicates translation, preventing it from being an untroubled communication and opening the translated text to interpretive possibilities that vary with cultural constituencies in the receiving situation. To activate these possibilities and at the same time to improve the study and practice of translation, this article aims to theorize the relative autonomy of the translated text and to increase the self-consciousness of translators and readers of translations alike.