Estudo de uma solução alternativa para o prolongamento do Molhe - Cais do Porto das Velas, Açores

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Especialização em Hidráulica

Adição de chamote de velas de ignição inservíveis na obtenção de cerâmica branca a base de alumina

This work presents research into the addition of chamotte obtained from the ceramic isolator of unusable spark plugs in formulations of material mixes for standard white ceramic material with aluminum oxide bases. After the physical chemical characterization of the primary materials, standard clay and the chamotte, three mixtures were prepared with concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% chamotte by weight in relation to the standard clay. The test samples underwent heating at a rate of 30 0C/min to levels that included 100o , 200o , 300o, 400o, 500o e 600 0C and also we submitted to three distinct burn temperatures: 1450o, 1500o e 1550 0C, remaining at these temperatures for 2 hour periods. After sintering, the physical and microstructural properties of the different test samples were measured and analyzed. The results show that the materials obtained present good technical properties and that the chamotte can be reutilized as an additive in the production of white ceramic material with an aluminum oxide base

Jabones, limpiadores y velas: cuadros comparativos de derechos arancelarios, gravámenes totales y equivalentes ad-valorem a la importación en los países centroamericanos

Incluye Bibliografía

Jabones, limpiadores y velas: cuadros comparativos de cifras del comercio exterior, de los países centroamericanos

Incluye Bibliografía

Jabones, limpiadores y velas: aforos uniformes acordados

Incluye Bibliografía

Capitulos, calidades y condiciones, con que pone en arrendamiento esta ilustre ciudad de Valencia la regalía del sebo de los carneros... juntamente con el abasto cerrado de la fabrica y venta de velas de sebo del consumo de esta ciudad.

Tit. tomado del principio del texto

Nueuo, y curioso romance, donde se da cuenta como Christo Señor nuestro, vestido de Passion se aparece a dos pastorcillas, queriendo dar fin al mundo por lo muy ofendido que se halla de los pecadores, les dio dos velas endendidas para que las apagassen : y antes que las tomassen baxo Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza, y alcanzo el perdon de su Santissimo Hijo : sucedio ... en este mismo año de 1748 : de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza

El autor se cita a si mismo en los ultimos versos

Apologia por los curas del Sagrario de la Santa Patriarcal Iglesia de esta ciudad de Seuilla : sobre el bautismo administrado sub conditione, a los ingleses, prisioneros de guerra que abjuraron sus errores ... del comboy ingles que iba a Jamayca, y apresó de él 56 velas el dia 10 de agosto de 1780 el Exmo. Sr. D. Luis de Cordova.

Mode of access: Internet.

Discurso apologético por la nobilísima y antiquísima familia de los Velas : tronco y orígen de la de Guevara, denigrada calumniosamente por algunos escritores ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Discurso medico-practico sobre el modo de socorrer y revocar á sus sentidos los ahogados, ahorcados, elados, y sufocados por el tufo del carbon, de la cal, de las velas de sebo, y de otras exalaciones perniciosas : ilustrado con historias verdaderas de autores gravisimos /

Mode of access: Internet.

Tratado de la Sagrada luminaria en forma de disertación, en el que se demuestra la antigüedad y piedad de las velas y lámparas encendidas a honra de Dios ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Practica de maniobras de los navios : en que se enseña el modo de darles todos los movimientos, de que son capaces, mediante el timon, y las velas impelidas del viento /

Mode of access: Internet.

Practica de maniobras de los navios : en que se enseña el modo de darles todos los movimientos, de que son capaces, mediante el timon, y las velas impelidas del viento /

Mode of access: Internet.

Estudo da obtenção de cerâmica composta de alumina e beta alumina sódica utilizando-se resíduo cerâmico de velas de ignição e pó químico de extintores de incêndio

Ceramic materials the alumina base are large industrial applications. They are required for these products, specific characteristics obtained by following strict criteria during the manufacturing process. However, after life, not always these products are reused by a suitable waste management process. In ceramist context, advance research aimed at the reuse of waste aimed at obtaining ceramics and composite materials, with marked reduction of conventional raw materials. Aiming to generate scientific, technological and environmental contribution, this work studied to obtain a composite of alumina ceramic (Al2O3) and sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17 ), and as starting materials the residue of the ceramic insulator of spark plugs, as a source alumina (Al2O3) powder and unusable sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of fire extinguishers, as a source of sodium oxide (Na2O). The final ceramic product was obtained from a conventional mixture of sodium aluminum oxide in appropriate molar proportions. Sample spark plugs were obtained, discarded by lifetime, specific to a manufacturer, which, after passing through mechanical stress (grinding, magnetic purification, washing, drying and grinding the high energy), which resulted in residue powder with ceramic content of 84.34 % alumina (Al2O3), found by FRX chemical analysis, the phases present and identified by DRX. The dry chemical fire extinguisher, baking soda-based (NaHCO3) with expired, was obtained through direct collection of the waste generated during maintenance. Subjected to heat treatment at 120 °C , the NaHCO3 powder was decomposed in sodium oxide ( Na2O), which, subjected to chemical analysis (FRX) and mineralogical (DRX) revealed a content of 86.62 % sodium oxide (Na2O) . In the following steps the experimental procedure, chemical formulations were made on a molar basis of the starting material (1:9, 1:10 and 1:11 de Na2O/ Al2O3) inclusion of additives, milling parameters, sieve analysis, dilatometry, conformation of specimens, sintering in firing steps at 800 °C , 1000 °C and 1.200 °C with varying stays 30 , 60 and 120 minutes in each of the levels. The characterization of the final product was made by the following physical tests: water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, mineralogical analysis by DRX and microstructural analysis by MEV. A higher formation of sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17), in sintered specimens in levels of 1.200 °C and 120 minutes, despite the prevailing coexistence of alpha phase alumina (Al2O3). From the results obtained opens up prospects for the reuse of waste studied in this work, the potter context and in other technological areas.

Estudo da obtenção de cerâmica composta de alumina e beta alumina sódica utilizando-se resíduo cerâmico de velas de ignição e pó químico de extintores de incêndio

Ceramic materials the alumina base are large industrial applications. They are required for these products, specific characteristics obtained by following strict criteria during the manufacturing process. However, after life, not always these products are reused by a suitable waste management process. In ceramist context, advance research aimed at the reuse of waste aimed at obtaining ceramics and composite materials, with marked reduction of conventional raw materials. Aiming to generate scientific, technological and environmental contribution, this work studied to obtain a composite of alumina ceramic (Al2O3) and sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17 ), and as starting materials the residue of the ceramic insulator of spark plugs, as a source alumina (Al2O3) powder and unusable sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of fire extinguishers, as a source of sodium oxide (Na2O). The final ceramic product was obtained from a conventional mixture of sodium aluminum oxide in appropriate molar proportions. Sample spark plugs were obtained, discarded by lifetime, specific to a manufacturer, which, after passing through mechanical stress (grinding, magnetic purification, washing, drying and grinding the high energy), which resulted in residue powder with ceramic content of 84.34 % alumina (Al2O3), found by FRX chemical analysis, the phases present and identified by DRX. The dry chemical fire extinguisher, baking soda-based (NaHCO3) with expired, was obtained through direct collection of the waste generated during maintenance. Subjected to heat treatment at 120 °C , the NaHCO3 powder was decomposed in sodium oxide ( Na2O), which, subjected to chemical analysis (FRX) and mineralogical (DRX) revealed a content of 86.62 % sodium oxide (Na2O) . In the following steps the experimental procedure, chemical formulations were made on a molar basis of the starting material (1:9, 1:10 and 1:11 de Na2O/ Al2O3) inclusion of additives, milling parameters, sieve analysis, dilatometry, conformation of specimens, sintering in firing steps at 800 °C , 1000 °C and 1.200 °C with varying stays 30 , 60 and 120 minutes in each of the levels. The characterization of the final product was made by the following physical tests: water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, mineralogical analysis by DRX and microstructural analysis by MEV. A higher formation of sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17), in sintered specimens in levels of 1.200 °C and 120 minutes, despite the prevailing coexistence of alpha phase alumina (Al2O3). From the results obtained opens up prospects for the reuse of waste studied in this work, the potter context and in other technological areas.