104 resultados para Veiculos eletricos


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This work aims to kinematic and dynamic analysis of a VW Saveiro in order to estimate the power requested to the engine with the imposed movement conditions. Thus, the study will be the basis to the specification of the electric engine, on the conversion of the internal combustion vehicle into electric one. First of all, a literature review was done in order to understand the state of the art for this issue and come up with the technical features of the vehicle in question. The next step is the identification and calculation of all forces acting on the prototype in motion, from 0 to 120 km/h, in intervals of 10 km/h, under the defined conditions of path and time. Then, were determined the values of the torque and rotation of the components from the transmission system, as well as the engine power, for each speed range. The results show the most influential forces on the resistence of the movement in each speed range, and the behavior of the torque curve is verified. Finally, it was also analyzed the implementation of pinwheels on the frontal area of the vehicle, in order to convert wind energy into electrical energy to supply the lighting subsystem of the vehicle and the proposal was validated. Limiting the maximum speed of the vehicle to 90 km/h, it was finally concluded that the power of the electric engine should be 40 HP

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The technologies are advancing at a pace so expressive that allow the increase of the power quality from generation until the distribution to end customers. This improvement has been made possible through the automation of the energy that follows to a better quality of the energy provided, a lower energy supply disruptions and a very short recovery time. The trend of today and the near future is the distributed energy generation. To keep the automated control of the chain, the presence of Smart Grids is needed and that will be the most efficient and economical way to manage the entire system. Within this theme, is going to be necessary analyze the electric cars that promise to promote a more sustainable transport because it doesn’t uses fossil fuels, and more healthy because it does not emit pollutants into the atmosphere. The popularization of this type of vehicle is estimated to happen in a few decades and the case study analyzing its influence on the demand of the electrical system is something that will be very important in the near future. This paper presents a study of the influence of the inclusion of charges refering to electric cars

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This work presents a proposal to replace thetraditional system of traction electric car that usesone electric motor and a mechanical differential, by two electric motors of lower power, controlled byelectronic control low cost. The proposed control isopen loop and uses the technique of Pulse WidthModulation (PWM), discrete and synchronizedaiming to reduce the generation of harmonics. The implementation of two smaller motor one on each wheel-drive distributes the weight of the vehicle, improving the heat exchange of the windings,beyond enable the power components supporting a current of 50% predicted for only one motor . The solution adopted for being open-loop, has a similar behavior to the mechanical differential, where theeffort imposed by the trajectory makes the velocity distribution between the wheels be appropriate tovehicle trajectory

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Electrical installations in industries involving high currents and voltages considered. On the other side is the common appearance of electrical failures, caused by human error, defects in electrical equipment or electrical installation aging itself. These failures are varied, those with the highest rate of occurrence and cause much damage to electrical installations, are overcurrent and overvoltage. Therefore there is a need to project a system that can detect and minimize possible effects caused by faults in electrical installations industries. Protection systems in electric industries emerge as an alternative to control especially voltage and current magnitudes. Engineered based on the functions of the relays, protection systems are an indispensable tool for any industrial substation. But the project of such systems becomes increasingly more complex, due to technological development. Electrical equipment not develop at the same speed that the protective devices (relays), making it indispensable knowledge of integration of technologies

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A mosca-de-renda ou percevejo-de-renda (Leptopharsa heveae - Hemiptera: Tingidae) e o mais importante inseto-praga da seringueira no Brasil. Essa praga de origem amazonica invadiu os seringais do Estado de Mato Grosso por volta de 1985 e, de 1992 a 1998, chegou aos seringais do Estado Sao Paulo e de Goias. Acredita-se que breve chegara aos Estados da Bahia, Espirito Santo e Minas Gerais. O principal agente disseminador desse inseto-praga entre estados e seringais tem sido os veiculos transportadores de coagulos e latex semiprocessado (GEB). O controle quimico dessa praga, alem de muito caro, coloca em risco os aplicadores e o meio ambiente. Em 1986, no Amazonas, o fungo Sporothrix insectorum foi constatado parasitando individuos do percevejo-de-renda. Com base nessa constatacao foram feitos alguns estudos em campo e laboratorio onde se determinaram a eficiencia biologica (capacidade do inimigo natural para infectar e destruir a praga) e a eficiencia tecnica (capacidade do inimigo natural para reduzir os danos causados na planta pela acao da praga). Os resultados desses testes evidenciaram o elevado potencial do S. insectorum para o controle do percevejode-renda. Imediatamente apos os testes, esse fungo foi enviado para os Estados de Mato Grosso, Acre, Rondonia, e mais recentemente para Sao Paulo e Goias onde vem sendo utilizado com o fungo Hirsutella verticillioides por diversos produtores e empresas. O fungo H. verticillioides, outro inimigo natural do percevejo-de-renda, isolado em 1990, na Guiana Francesa, vem sendo bem mais agressivo nos seringais da regiao Centro-Oeste e de Sao Paulo que o S. insectorum. Os resultados obtidos de avaliacoes efetuadas em alguns seringais de Goias, Mato Grosso e Sao Paulo indicam eficiencia biologica (porcentagem de insetos colonizados e fixados na folha por ambos os fungos em fevereiro), variando de 53% a 100%. Por outro lado, a eficiencia tecnica, medida pelo nivel de descoloracao da folha ou % de danos causados pela praga em fevereiro, tendo como referencia folhas nao atacadas, variou de 16% a 63%.

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Desde a idade média, quando ardiam cidades inteiras, a humanidade tem aprendido muito e tem desenvolvido constantes esforços para evitar e circunscrever os incêndios. Estes esforços, no entanto, foram compensados pelo surgir de outras fontes de ignição e da crescente cargas combustíveis. Hoje, praticamente todos os lares e empresas possuem computadores, televisores, lâmpadas halogenas, máquinas de café e outros aparelhos eletricos, bem como equipamentos de aquecimento e de ar condicionado, etc. A maioria destes dispositivos incluem uma unidade de alimentação e outros módulos electrónicos, constituindo, assim, potenciais fontes de ignição. Mas os incêndios também podem ser estabelecidos de forma intencional. A percentagem de incêndios de origem criminosa já e de 25 a 40%, e os valores estão a aumentar [1]. Os incêndios provocados intencionalmente propagam-se frequentemente muito mais rapidamente tornando o seu combate extremamente difícil. Em media, esses tipo de incêndios são três vezes mais dispendiosos que a media das ocorrências dos incêndio[2].

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No cotidiano das empresas a gestão da qualidade é peça fundamental para manter a competitividade e assegurar a sobrevivência. Organizações em todo o mundo praticam a gestão da qualidade através da adoção dos preceitos padronizados das normas ISO 9000. Desta forma, a identificação, avaliação e análise das condições de implantação do modelo oferece subsídios para melhor compreensão dos impactos no resultado global da empresa, nos processos internos e nos procedimentos de trabalho. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta três estudos de casos de empresas do ramo metal-mecânico localizadas na região de Caxias do Sul, que tiveram seus sistemas da qualidade implantados e certificados conforme o que preconiza o padrão ISO 9000. Para isso, os resultados apresentados pelas empresas estudadas foram analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa com o fim de identificar as relações com a implantação do modelo ISO 9000. Além da análise dos registros, entrevistas foram aplicadas nos três níveis hierárquicos para que o estudo das opiniões refletisse a visão gerencial, de supervisão e de operação das empresas estudadas.

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Este estudo trata-se de um "estudo de caso - ex post facto" que tem como objetivo demonstrar, a partir das percepções e manifestações dos dirigentes e empregados da empresa Solimões Veículos - Concessionária Volk:swagen de Manaus, como a Gestão pela Qualidade Total - GQT pode influenciar na produtividade das pessoas que compõem esta organização. Com base nos pressupostos da qualidade total, chegou-se a hipótese de que a GQT é uma ferramenta estratégica que pode influenciar na produtividade dos empregados. Como a avaliação de percepções e manifestações de pessoas não é tarefa das mais fáceis e, devido à complexidade que se encaminha o problema de pesquisa, este estudo se caracterizará como sendo descritivo priorizando um tratamento quantitativo e qualitativo aos dados. A metodologia utiliza, basicamente, uma "pesquisa documental", que tem como objetivo a investigação de todos os fatos, acontecimentos e estatísticas que envolvem o problema pesquisado; uma "pesquisa bibliográfica", onde são analisadas e descritas as literaturas existentes a respeito dos temas GQT e Produtividade; e uma "pesquisa de campo", onde se procura demonstrar, a partir das percepções e manifestações dos dirigentes e empregados da empresa estudada, a int1uencia da GQT em suas produtividades.

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Magnetic ceramics have been widely investigated, especially with respect to intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of these materials. Among the magnetic ceramic materials of technological interest, there are the ferrites. On the other hand, the thermal treatment of ceramic materials by microwave energy has offered various advantages such as: optimization of production processes, high heat control, low consumption of time and energy among others. In this work were synthesized powders of Ni-Zn ferrite with compositions Ni1- xZnxFe2O4 (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.75 mols) by the polymeric precursor route in two heat treatment conditions, conventional oven and microwave energy at 500, 650, 800 and 950°C and its structural, and morphological imaging. The materials were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/ DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray spectroscopy and energy dispersive (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of ferrite with spinel-type cubic structure. The extrinsic characteristics of the powders obtained by microwave calcination and influence significantly the magnetic behavior of ferrites, showing particles ferrimagnéticas characterized as soft magnetic materials (soft), is of great technological interest. The results obtained led the potential application of microwave energy for calcining powders of Ni-Zn ferrite

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In order to guarantee database consistency, a database system should synchronize operations of concurrent transactions. The database component responsible for such synchronization is the scheduler. A scheduler synchronizes operations belonging to different transactions by means of concurrency control protocols. Concurrency control protocols may present different behaviors: in general, a scheduler behavior can be classified as aggressive or conservative. This paper presents the Intelligent Transaction Scheduler (ITS), which has the ability to synchronize the execution of concurrent transactions in an adaptive manner. This scheduler adapts its behavior (aggressive or conservative), according to the characteristics of the computing environment in which it is inserted, using an expert system based on fuzzy logic. The ITS can implement different correctness criteria, such as conventional (syntactic) serializability and semantic serializability. In order to evaluate the performance of the ITS in relation to others schedulers with exclusively aggressive or conservative behavior, it was applied in a dynamic environment, such as a Mobile Database Community (MDBC). An MDBC simulator was developed and many sets of tests were run. The experimentation results, presented herein, prove the efficiency of the ITS in synchronizing transactions in a dynamic environment

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This graduate thesis proposes a model to asynchronously replicate heterogeneous databases. This model singularly combines -in a systematic way and in a single project -different concepts, techniques and paradigms related to the areas of database replication and management of heterogeneous databases. One of the main advantages of the replication is to allow applications to continue to process information, during time intervals when they are off the network and to trigger the database synchronization, as soon as the network connection is reestablished. Therefore, the model introduces a communication and update protocol that takes in consideration the environment of asynchronous characteristics used. As part of the work, a tool was developed in Java language, based on the model s premises in order to process, test, simulate and validate the proposed model