Entre o liso e o estriado: percursos dos jovens dançarinos urbanos do Rio de Janeiro

O presente estudo parte da tese de que as danças urbanas começam a se constituir como uma das formas de ser homem e profissional na contemporaneidade, na qual as interdições sociais já não são tão limitantes como foram outrora. Desta forma, apresentamos como objetivo geral investigar como tal processo se dá na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, estudando as artes de fazer destes atores, os dançarinos urbanos. Mais especificamente, desdobramos este objetivo em três aspectos diferentes: investigar suas táticas para organizar o acontecimento de sua dança na cidade, descrever suas formas de narrar suas próprias histórias de vida e perspectivas e, finalmente, analisar suas formas de recriar a dança de rua original do movimento hip hop em novas linguagens. Os temas são apresentados em três diferentes artigos. O primeiro, Do racha na rua à batalha nos palcos: o acontecimento da dança de rua no Rio de Janeiro, de caráter mais etnográfico, faz uma análise dos eventos de danças urbanas que foram destacados como os mais importantes da cidade pelos dançarinos de break cariocas. O segundo artigo, Retóricas da caminhada: narrativas dos jovens dançarinos urbanos na cidade do rio de janeiro, tem como matéria prima as entrevistas realizadas com os dançarinos urbanos, nas quais contam suas histórias de vida, as suas construções enquanto artistas e suas perspectivas em relação à dança e ao futuro. O terceiro trabalho A dança do passinho: uma criação carioca fala sobre uma manifestação de dança urbana criada nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma linguagem que deriva do hip hop, que é o funk. Tivemos nos estudos de Vianna (1997) e Herschmann (2000) o ponto de partida para entendermos este processo, difuso e disperso em função de seu desdobramento na forma da cultura funk carioca. A metáfora do liso e do estriado, proposta por Deleuze e Guatarri (2012) foi acionada como ferramenta para refletir sobre a vida dos jovens dançarinos urbanos e seus trânsitos. Buscamos também estabelecer um diálogo entre esta proposta e as ideias de Certeau (2008), baseados no aspecto da criatividade cotidiana diante das estratégias dos sujeitos de poder. Ao final, apresentamos algumas considerações a respeito dos achados das pesquisas de campo realizadas, em perspectivas com os conceitos de alisamento e estriagem do espaço e das relações entre táticas e estratégias neste contexto.

Danças urbanas no Brasil: relatos de uma história

This research is a short article about urban dances in Brazil, about how did it came and became popular here, and also it will discuss about the different nomenclatures that exists nowadays: street dance, dances from street or urban dances. As a bibliographic reference, a research was made about the history of those dances in an international context, the creators and all the elements that consists the Hip hop culture: Break dance, grafitte, MC and DJ. The research methodology is characterized as a qualitative, it search for information that can be deeply studded, and the method used was history telling, which prize and brings up the man memory of the facts. The interview was also used as a tool in a previously elaborated script with open questions, so the interviewees could answer their own way and talk as much as they need about the issue. The analyze was made using the Bardin (2009) method. The interviewees are very important at the Hip Hop scenario because their lives were dedicated to the research about urban dances and the Hip Hop culture. During the interview they told how they started to dance and that their first contact with urban dances was made by watching movies that came to Brazil in the eighties. Michael Jackson has also contributed to spread this urban dances at that time with his videos. The main goal of this research is to tell the history of the urban dances, how did they got here, who brought it and how it has spread in Brazil. It justify itself during the fact that exists just a few researches in a scientific way that study this issue, thus the history importance that this contents is to the urban dances in Brazil. My conclusion of this article is that the history has many different ways, a lot of names, and that the urban dances in Brazil has began in many different places at the same time, by films influence that has promoted the styles that had came here in the eighties

Air pollution levels measured at traffic hot spots : Brisbane urban corridor study

Air pollution levels were monitored continuously over a period of 4 weeks at four sampling sites along a busy urban corridor in Brisbane. The selected sites were representative of industrial and residential types of urban environment affected by vehicular traffic emissions. The concentration levels of submicrometer particle number, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx were measured 5-10 meters from the road. Meteorological parameters and traffic flow rates were also monitored. The data were analysed in terms of the relationship between monitored pollutants and existing ambient air quality standards. The results indicate that the concentration levels of all pollutants exceeded the ambient air background levels, in certain cases by up to an order of magnitude. While the 24-hr average concentration levels did not exceed the standard, estimates for the annual averages were close to, or even higher than the annual standard levels.

How can land and urban development make houses healthier?

Traditionally, the main focus of the professional community involved with indoor air quality has been indoor pollution sources, preventing or reducing their emissions, as well as lowering the impact of the sources by replacing the polluted indoor air with "fresh" outdoor air. However, urban outdoor air cannot often be considered "fresh", as it contains high concentrations of pollutants emitted from motor vehicles - the main outdoor pollution sources in cities. Evidence from epidemiological studies conducted worldwide demonstrates that outdoor air quality has considerable effects on human health, despite the fact that people spend the majority of their time indoors. This is because pollution from outdoors penetrates indoors and becomes a major constituent of indoor pollution. Urban land and transport development has significant impact on the overall air quality of the urban airshed as well as the pollution concentration in the vicinity of high-density traffic areas. Therefore, an overall improvement in indoor air quality would be achieved by lowering urban airshed pollution, as well as by lowering the impact of the hot spots on indoor air. This paper explores the elements of urban land and vehicle transport developments, their impact on global and local air quality, and how the science of outdoor pollution generation and transport in the air could be utilized in urban development towards lowering indoor air pollution.