Income poverty and unsatisfied basic needs

Incluye Bibliografía

An analysis of the index of unsatisfied basic needs (NBI) of Argentina with suggestions for improvements

Includes bibliography

La pobreza en Cuyo entre 2002 y 2006 : Análisis combinado

La devaluación de la moneda a finales de 2001 afectó significativamente la situación socioeconómica de los argentinos. La Provincia de San Luis, exhibida como un modelo de prosperidad y crecimiento que parecía mantenerla protegida de las crisis económicas que azotaban al resto del país durante la década del noventa, pasó a mostrar indicadores sumamente preocupantes, con incrementos significativos de la pobreza y de la desocupación. esta situación fue atacada por el gobierno provincial sanluiseño mediante la implementación de una política pública que pretendía incluir socialmente a los habitantes de la provincia. Si bien los resultados de estas medidas son halagüeños, especialmente en cuanto a la reducción de la desocupación y de la indigencia, no están claros ni los beneficios en el mediano plazo y ni su sustentabilidad. este trabajo analiza el efecto de estas políticas en San Luis en relación con la pobreza reciente y la pobreza estructural, comparándolo con el resto de la región de Cuyo, mediante el enfoque integrado de medición de la pobreza en el período comprendido entre 2002 y 2006, utilizando los datos que surgen de la encuesta Permanente de Hogares (ePh) que realiza el Indec

La pobreza en Cuyo entre 2002 y 2006 : Análisis combinado

La devaluación de la moneda a finales de 2001 afectó significativamente la situación socioeconómica de los argentinos. La Provincia de San Luis, exhibida como un modelo de prosperidad y crecimiento que parecía mantenerla protegida de las crisis económicas que azotaban al resto del país durante la década del noventa, pasó a mostrar indicadores sumamente preocupantes, con incrementos significativos de la pobreza y de la desocupación. esta situación fue atacada por el gobierno provincial sanluiseño mediante la implementación de una política pública que pretendía incluir socialmente a los habitantes de la provincia. Si bien los resultados de estas medidas son halagüeños, especialmente en cuanto a la reducción de la desocupación y de la indigencia, no están claros ni los beneficios en el mediano plazo y ni su sustentabilidad. este trabajo analiza el efecto de estas políticas en San Luis en relación con la pobreza reciente y la pobreza estructural, comparándolo con el resto de la región de Cuyo, mediante el enfoque integrado de medición de la pobreza en el período comprendido entre 2002 y 2006, utilizando los datos que surgen de la encuesta Permanente de Hogares (ePh) que realiza el Indec

La pobreza en Cuyo entre 2002 y 2006 : Análisis combinado

La devaluación de la moneda a finales de 2001 afectó significativamente la situación socioeconómica de los argentinos. La Provincia de San Luis, exhibida como un modelo de prosperidad y crecimiento que parecía mantenerla protegida de las crisis económicas que azotaban al resto del país durante la década del noventa, pasó a mostrar indicadores sumamente preocupantes, con incrementos significativos de la pobreza y de la desocupación. esta situación fue atacada por el gobierno provincial sanluiseño mediante la implementación de una política pública que pretendía incluir socialmente a los habitantes de la provincia. Si bien los resultados de estas medidas son halagüeños, especialmente en cuanto a la reducción de la desocupación y de la indigencia, no están claros ni los beneficios en el mediano plazo y ni su sustentabilidad. este trabajo analiza el efecto de estas políticas en San Luis en relación con la pobreza reciente y la pobreza estructural, comparándolo con el resto de la región de Cuyo, mediante el enfoque integrado de medición de la pobreza en el período comprendido entre 2002 y 2006, utilizando los datos que surgen de la encuesta Permanente de Hogares (ePh) que realiza el Indec

Soil-Transmitted Helminths, Poverty, and Malnutrition in Honduran Children Living in Remote Rural Communities

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic in Honduras, but their prevalence according to the levels of poverty in the population has not been examined. The present cross-sectional study is aimed to determine the role of different levels of poverty in STH prevalence and infection intensity as well as the potential associations of STH infections with malnutrition and anemia. Research participants were children attending a medical brigade serving remote communities in Northern Honduras in June 2014. Demographic data were obtained, and poverty levels were determined using the unsatisfied basic needs method. STH infections were investigated by the Kato-Katz method; hemoglobin concentrations were determined with the HemoCue system; and stunting, thinness, and underweight were determined by anthropometry. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Among 130 children who participated in this study, a high prevalence (69.2%) of parasitism was found and the poorest children were significantly more infected than those living in less poor communities (79.6% vs. 61.8%; P = 0.030). Prevalence rates of Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, and hookworms were 69.2%, 12.3%, and 3.85%, respectively. In total, 69% of children had anemia and 30% were stunted. Households’ earthen floor and lack of latrines were associated with infection. Greater efforts should be made to reduce STH prevalence and improve overall childhood health, in particular, among the poorest children lacking the basic necessities of life.

Spatial analysis of the tuberculosis treatment dropout, Buenos Aires, Argentina

OBJECTIVE Identify spatial distribution patterns of the proportion of nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and its associated factors.METHODS We conducted an ecological study based on secondary and primary data from municipalities of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. An exploratory analysis of the characteristics of the area and the distributions of the cases included in the sample (proportion of nonadherence) was also carried out along with a multifactor analysis by linear regression. The variables related to the characteristics of the population, residences and families were analyzed.RESULTS Areas with higher proportion of the population without social security benefits (p = 0.007) and of households with unsatisfied basic needs had a higher risk of nonadherence (p = 0.032). In addition, the proportion of nonadherence was higher in areas with the highest proportion of households with no public transportation within 300 meters (p = 0.070).CONCLUSIONS We found a risk area for the nonadherence to treatment characterized by a population living in poverty, with precarious jobs and difficult access to public transportation.

Male beach workers and western female tourists : livelihood strategies in Kenya's south coast region

Recent years have seen an emerging knowledge base and increasing public interest and awareness of sexual-economic relationships between local men and Western women, in different touristic regions around the world. However, to date, Western perspectives on the phenomenon make up the bulk of the existent literature. Questioning the dominant discourse of 'romance tourism' and representations of male participants as 'victims-opportunists', this dissertation explores male beach workers' experiences with, and perspectives on sexual-economic relationships between Kenyan men and visiting Western women in Kenya's South Coast region. The men were not considered in isolation; their experiences and perspectives are situated in relation to their family ties, social networks and the political economy of beach tourism. The study shows that locally these relationships are clearly understood as livelihood strategies for the visited. Men seek to establish long-term intimate relationships with female tourists as a means to accessing life's basic necessities for themselves and for their families and overall to improve their standards of living. It is argued that these relationships are a response to the poverty and inequalities generated by socio-economic changes over time. They are also a response to local gender role prescriptions that hinge male social value on men's capacity to marry, procreate and provide intergenerational social and economic support. The men's parallel quest for non-sexual economically motivated friendships with visiting foreign tourists termed "family friends" is a salient finding, that serves to reinforce the finding that the sexual- economic relationships are above all livelihood strategies. Résumé Ces dernières années ont vu l'émergence d'une base de connaissance, ainsi que d'un intérêt et d'une prise de conscience accrue du public, à l'égard des relations économico-sexuelles entre hommes locaux et femmes occidentales, dans différentes régions touristiques du monde. Cependant, à ce jour, des perspectives occidentales sur ce phénomène constituent l'essentiel de la littérature existante. En remettant en question le discours dominant du «romance tourism» (tourisme sentimental) et les représentations qui conçoivent les hommes participants comme étant 'victimes-opportunistes', cette thèse explore les expériences, et les visions qu'ont les travailleurs de plage sur les relations économico-sexuelles entre hommes Kenyans et femmes Occidentales dans la région de la côte sud du Kenya. Les hommes n'ont pas été considérés de manière isolée; leurs expériences et leurs perspectives sont situées par rapport à leur liens familiaux, leur réseaux sociaux et aussi par rapport à l'économie politique du tourisme balnéaire. L'étude montre que sur place ces relations sont clairement conçues comme des stratégies de survie pour les participants hôtes. Les hommes cherchent à établir des relations de long durée avec des femmes touristes comme moyen d'accéder à des biens et des services qui constituent des nécessités de bases, pour eux et pour leur familles et globalement pour relever leur niveau de vie! L'étude fait valoir que ces relations sont une réponse à la pauvreté et aux inégalités sociales crées par des dynamiques socio-économiques au fil du temps. Elles sont aussi une réponse au prescriptions sociales locales par lesquelles la valeur sociale masculine est définie à travers la capacité des hommes à se marier, à procréer et d'assurer un soutien intergénérationnel social et économique. La quête, en parallèle, de relations d'amitiés non-sexuelles à motivation économique, dénommé « family friends », par des hommes, est un résultat saillant de cette étude qui vient renforcer l'observation que les relations économico-sexuelles relèvent avant tout des stratégies de survie.

Plan estratégico de mercadeo de la mora de Castilla Frusan Diego Andrés Jaimes Rodríguez, Diego Fernando Salazar Ortega, Yuly Irlena Vargas Rodríguez y Jaime Moreno Escobar, director

La investigación de mercado de la mora en la Asociación FRUSAN se plantea como una de las necesidades básicas dentro de la búsqueda de mejoras competitivas y aumentos de calidad de vida del municipio de San Bernardo – Cundinamarca y sus productores, en la medida que permite optimizar esfuerzos productivos y comerciales en el alcance de una operación rentable y sostenible. En este sentido, el presente trabajo parte de un análisis exhaustivo de las variables del macroentorno que pueden afectar la actividad de mercadeo de la Asociación y su producto, de allí enfoca sus esfuerzos para comprender a nivel micro la dinámica del sector frutícola y de la mora en Colombia brindando un panorama amplio que permite plantear los cursos de acción que debe seguir FRUSAN en su calidad de intermediario y regulador de precios en el municipio, identificando oportunidades importantes y recomendables en mercados diferentes a los cubiertos actualmente, a través de un portafolio más diversificado con mejores estándares de competitividad y diferenciación. Palabras Clave: Investigación de mercado, Asociación FRUSAN, mejoras competitivas, calidad de vida, esfuerzos productivos y comerciales, operación rentable y sostenible, variables del macroentorno, nivel micro, sector frutícola, cursos de acción, intermediario y regulador de precios, oportunidades, portafolio diversificado, estándares de competitividad y diferenciación.

Cidades pequenas, grandes problemas :perfil urbano do Agreste Potiguar

In view of the diversity and the heterogeneity of the existing cities in Brazil, our approach refers to the urban and non-metropolitan areas. Aiming to foment the studies on small cities e to apprehend the sociospatial configuration of the urban environment in such cities, this piece of work elaborates and analyzes the urban profile of the small cities of the Agreste Potiguar region, using as a theoretical reference landmark the production of the urban and regional space, from the decade of 1970 to 2000. Starting from this reference, this piece of work presents an urban sociospatial characterization of the small cities of the Agreste Potiguar region, with emphasis on the economic framework, on the population dynamics, on the main social data, culminating in the main characteristics of the local daily life. The study of the small cities of the Agreste Potiguar region makes it possible the comprehension of the problems that involve the cities of this size, above all, those inserted in economically fragile regions. In the analyzed period, the changes occurred in the productive structure of the State of Rio Grande do Norte triggered a great crisis in the economy of the Agreste Potiguar region. This aspect, allied to the insufficient performance of the public power, contributed to the sprouting of some sociospatial problems, amongst which may be distinguished: the economic fragility, the generalized unemployment, the lack of security and the urban infrastructure absence sufficient to take care of the social demand. Even facing the existing problems, the small cities must be seen as potential spaces, capable to promote the regional development. To do so, it is necessary a process of democratization of the public administration, an ample popular participation and the establishment of a new urban policy, that aims at the social promotion of the individuals, the guarantee of basic necessities and the access to the necessary services to a dignified life

Ensino a distância: educação ou treinamento no PEC/FOR PROF?

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

The new digital revolution: From the consumer Internet to the industrial Internet

The new digital technologies have led to widespread use of cloud computing, recognition of the potential of big data analytics, and significant progress in aspects of the Internet of Things, such as home automation, smart cities and grids and digital manufacturing. In addition to closing gaps in respect of the basic necessities of access and usage, now the conditions must be established for using the new platforms and finding ways to participate actively in the creation of content and even new applications and platforms. This message runs through the three chapters of this book. Chapter I presents the main features of the digital revolution, emphasizing that today’s world economy is a digital economy. Chapter II examines the region’s strengths and weaknesses with respect to digital access and consumption. Chapter III reviews the main policy debates and urges countries to take a more proactive approach towards, for example, regulation, network neutrality and combating cybercrime. The conclusion highlights two crucial elements: first, the need to take steps towards a single regional digital market that can compete in a world of global platforms by tapping the benefits of economies of scale and developing network economies; and second, the significance of the next stage of the digital agenda for Latin America and the Caribbean (eLAC2018), which will embody the latest updates to a cooperation strategy that has been in place for over a decade.

As aglomerações produtivas de calçados, folheados e de jóias do CRAJUBAR (CE): formação, produção, trabalho, implicações socioespaciais

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Den flygande maran : En studie om åtta narkotikabrukande kvinnor i Stockholm

Between April 1997 and November 1999, I followed eight socially excluded female drug users in an attempt to describe their lives and living conditions. The study employs an ethnographic approach with the focus being directed at the specific woman and her life in relation to the social context where this life is lived. The study’s objective has been to describe the lives and living conditions of the eight drug-using women, as well as the extent of the opportunities available to them, as being determined by mechanisms of social exclusion. Their lives are understood on the basis of a feminist and social constructionist perspective where perceptions of ‘the drug-abusing woman’ are regarded as the result of constructions of gender and deviance. The theoretical perspectives proceeds from the idea that one is not born a woman but rather becomes one. The fundamental idea is that women become women by means of processes of femininisation, in the context of which certain ways of interpreting and presenting oneself as a woman are regarded as good and others as bad. Our images of ‘the female drug addict’ are based on how we define and interpret deviance and on the cultural and social thought and behaviour patterns we ascribe to people on the basis of bodily differences. It is images of ‘the good woman’ that defines what we regard as characteristic of ‘the bad woman’ and vice versa. The findings are organised into three main topics: femininity, living conditions and social control. The main findings are: The women described themselves as women by relating to normative messages about how women “are and should be”, and their drug use constituted a means of coping with life from their social position. Their life revolved to a large extent around money via a constant struggle to find enough to cover the rent, food and other basic necessities. And finally, how the women’s relations to societal institutions were formed by their social position as ‘female drug addicts’ and how the asymmetry of these relations produced certain fixed patterns of action for the parties involved.

CHANGE FOR GOOD? AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN PERCEIVED BENEFITS BY ENGOS AND USER SATISFACTION OF SOLAR BOTTLE LIGHTS IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS OF DHAKA CITY, BANGLADESH

A major challenge for a developing country such as Bangladesh is to supply basic services to its most marginalized populations, which includes both rural and urban dwellers. The government struggles to provide basic necessities such as water and electricity. In marginalized urban communities in Bangladesh, in particular informal settlements, meeting basic needs is even direr. Most informal settlements are built to respond to a rapid immigration to urban centers, and are thought of as ‘temporary structures’, though many structures have been there for decades. In addition, as the settlements are often squatting on private land, access to formalized services such as electricity or water is largely absent. In some cases, electricity and water connections are brought in - but through informal and non-government sanctioned ways -- these hookups are deemed ‘illegal’ by the state. My research will focus on recent efforts to help ameliorate issues associated with lack of basic services in informal settlements in Bangladesh – in this case lack of light. When the government fails to meet the needs of the general population, different non-government organizations tend to step in to intervene. A new emphasis on solar bottle systems in informal urban settlement areas to help address some energy needs (specifically day-time lighting). One such example is the solar bottle light in Bangladesh, a project introduced by the organization ‘Change’. There has been mixed reactions on this technology among the users. This is where my research intervenes. I have used quantitative method to investigate user satisfactions for the solar bottle lights among the residents of the informal settlements to address the overarching question, is there a disconnect between the perceived benefits of the ENGO and the user satisfaction of the residents of the informal settlements of Dhaka City? This paper uses survey responses to investigate level of user satisfaction and the contributing factors.