Space-time front-ends for RAKE receivers in the FDD mode of UTRA

A unified and general vision of different space-time processors is presented. Many popular receivers can beaccomodated, like V-RAKE receivers, weighted V-RAKE, or spatial narrowband beamforming. By makingappropriate assumptions on the space/time characteristic of the interference it is possible to enhance theperformance of the receiver through spatial/temporal pre-processors. These receivers will be tested in the FDDmode of UTRA.

3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced

Editorial introductòria del número de la revista, en la qual s'exposa el tema del nou estàndard de mòbil, anomenatLong-TermEvolution (LTE),també referenciat com Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRA), que s'està definint com el substitut del sistema UMTSde tercera generació. LTE-Advanced, al seu torn, es refereix a la versió més avançada de LTE.

A new species of Sycorax (Diptera, Psychodidae, Sycoracinae) from the Pacific coast of Colombia

Sycorax utriensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from a male specimen collected with a CDC light trap in the Parque Nacional Natural Ensenada de Utría, on the Pacific Coast of Colombia. Five species of Sycorax are now known from Colombia, S. andicola Young, 1979, S. colombiensis Young, 1979, S. fairchildi Young, 1979, S. trispinosa Young, 1979 and S. utriensis n. sp.

3G-laboratorioverkon rakentaminen ja rajapintamittausten analysointi

Tässä insinöörityössä tutkittiin 3G-verkon rakennetta, tiedonsiirrossa käytettäviä protokollarakenteita ja tarkasteltiin UMTS -verkon ilmarajapintaa kirjallisuuden sekä WCDMA -analysaattorin avulla. Työssä perehdyttiin 3G-verkon rakenteeseen ja siinä käytettäviin verkkoelementteihin ja niiden välisissä ja sisäisissä tiedonsiirroissa käytettäviin protokollarakenteisiin. Päätelaitteen ja UTRA -verkon välillä tapahtuvaa liikennöintiä mitattiin WCDMA -analysaattorilla. Mittaukset suoritettiin päätelaitteen kytkeytyessä verkkoon, kolmen erilaisen puhelun muodostuksen osalta sekä puhelunaikaisen yhteysvastuun vaihdon osalta. Mittauksista saatiin tietoa hyvin monipuolisesti. Analysaattorilla saatiin mitattua puhelimen verkkoon kytkeytymistä, puhelunaikaisia tapahtumia, Layer 2 ja Layer 3 -tason liikennettä sekä tukiasemiin liittyviä tietoja. Mittaustuloksia analysoimalla saatiin tarkkoja tietoja matkaviestimen ja radioverkko-ohjaimen välisestä signaloinnista. Mittaustulosten perusteella voidaan havaita päätelaitteen kytkeytyminen verkkoon sekä puhelunmuodostukset hyvin tarkkaan loogisella tasolla. Tiedonsiirto protokollien mukaan jää kuitenkin havaitsematta niin syvällisesti kuin se teoriassa on esitetty.

Enhanced MDIR receiver for space-time dispersive channels

A particular property of the matched desiredimpulse response receiver is introduced in this paper, namely,the fact that full exploitation of the diversity is obtained withmultiple beamformers when the channel is spatially and timelydispersive. This particularity makes the receiver specially suitablefor mobile and underwater communications. The new structureprovides better performance than conventional and weightedVRAKE receivers, and a diversity gain with no needs of additionalradio frequency equipment. The baseband hardware neededfor this new receiver may be obtained through reconfigurabilityof the RAKE architectures available at the base station. Theproposed receiver is tested through simulations assuming UTRAfrequency-division-duplexing mode.

The IST METRA Project

This article summarizes the main achievementsof the Multi-Element Transmit andReceive Antennas (METRA) Project, an ISTresearch and technological development project carried out between January 2000 and June 2001 by Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, the Center for Personkommunikation of Aalborg University, Nokia Networks, Nokia Mobile Phones, and Vodafone Group Research and Development.The main objective of METRA was the performanceevaluation of multi-antenna terminals incombination with adaptive antennas at the basestation in UMTS communication systems. 1 AMIMO channel sounder was developed that providedrealistic multi-antenna channel measurements.Using these measured data, stochasticchannel models were developed and properly validated.These models were also evaluated inorder to estimate their corresponding channelcapacity. Different MIMO configurations andprocessing schemes were developed for both theFDD and TDD modes of UTRA, and their linkperformance was assessed. Performance evaluationwas completed by system simulations thatillustrated the benefits of MIMO configurationsto the network operator. Implementation cost vs.performance improvement was also covered bythe project, including the base station and terminalmanufacturer and network operator viewpoints.Finally, significant standards contributionswere generated by the project and presented to the pertinent 3GPP working groups.

Economía campesina y biotecnología : interrogantes en el escenario de la violencia

Los campesinos que se ubican a lo largo de las riberas del río Munguidó(...) en el Medio Atrato chocoano, quienes cultivan el chontaduro que se come en algunas ciudades colombianas, vieron interrumpidas de forma insospechada, tanto su vida productiva como su cotidianidad durante el 2002, cuando el Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) secuestró veintiséis turistas en la ensenada de Utría (Chocó). Los medios de comunicación informaron al país la labor de la fuerza pública por presionar la liberación de los secuestrados. Sin embargo, guardaron silencio frente a los efectos de esta operación militar. El 8 de septiembre, un día antes de que el ELN liberara diez de los turistas secuestrados, doscientos campesinos del Munguidó se vieron obligados a abandonar sus tierras. Desde el 3 de septiembre de 2002, centenares de hombres de la Armada Nacional hicieron presencia en la boca del río Munguidó. Restringieron totalmente la entrada de personas y alimentos, para evitar que los secuestradores alcanzaran ríos navegables como el Baudó. Este cierre de la boca del río fue una estrategia exitosa para presionar la liberación de los secuestrados, pero el costo de ello fue el hambre que padecieron durante esos días las comunidades de la zona. En ese entonces, como la producción agrícola de las parcelas se concentraba en pocos productos, los campesinos del Munguidó no contaban con lo indispensable para sostener una dieta balanceada y autosuficiente. Por el río llevaban a Quibdó los productos que obtenían en las parcelas y con el dinero de sus ventas compraban en esa ciudad los artículos de primera necesidad. Con la escasez de alimentos llegó la presencia sorpresiva del ejército. Este hecho, más que confianza y tranquilidad, generó temor y zozobra en medio de los habitantes. Su presencia aumentaba la probabilidad de confrontaciones entre la fuerza pública y los grupos guerrilleros. Adicionalmente, las víctimas de los hechos ocurridos en Bellavista (Bojayá), el 2 de mayo de 2002, permanecían en la memoria de los habitantes del Munguidó. El hambre y el miedo, efectos colaterales de la guerra, fueron causas suficientes para que las riberas del rio fueran desocupadas. Según el censo realizado por el Consejo Comunitario Mayor de la Asociación de Campesinos del Medio Atrato (Cocomacia), el 8 de septiembre de 2002, cerca de 200 campesinos se vieron obligados a desplazarse a Quibdó y el 27 del mismo mes otras 2.150 personas hicieron lo mismo(...).

La cultura metropolitana de Bogotá y los municipios vecinos

El tema de la presente monografía se enmarca específicamente en el fenómeno de lametropolización que se ha venido presentando en torno a Bogotá y sus municipioscircunvecinos2 desde mediados de los años cuarenta.

Emprego do flunitrazepam na sedação de suínos

Na presente pesquisa avaliou-se o flunitrazepam, em diferentes doses, na tranqüilização de 24 suínos da raça Landrace. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos onde, após jejum prévio, anotou-se os parâmetros basais (M0) de frequência cardíaca, respiratória, temperatura retal e hemogasimetria arterial. Ato contínuo, administrou-se o flunitrazepam nas doses de 0,01; 0,02 e 0,03mg/kg, intramuscular (IM), aos grupos I, II e III, respectivamente. O grupo IV (controle) recebeu igual volume de solução fisiológica por via IM. Os dados paramétricos e de hemogasimetria foram coletados a intervalos de 10 minutos após a administração da droga, durante o período de uma hora. Concomitantemente efetuaram-se observações clínicas a respeito do grau de sedação proporcionado pelo flunitrazepam. Não foram verificadas alterações significativas nos parâmetros cardíacos e respiratórios. A dose de 0,03 mg/kg produziu o maior grau de sedação sem interferir significativamente com os parâmetros hemogasimétricos.

Hemiplegia laringeana e condrite da artenóide em eqüinos

A domesticação do cavalo, levou o mesmo a ser exigido em funções orgânicas pelas atividades atlética e de trabalho as quais dependem do bom funcionamento da parte superior do aparelho respiratório, entre outras. Assim, patologias que afetam suas estruturas merecem destaque na literatura. Neste artigo são discutidas duas destas patologias (condrite da cartilagem aritenóide e hemiplegia laringeana), seu diagnóstico, achados endoscópicos, tratamentos e prognóstico.

The effect of changing the mode of ventilation on the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 difference and physiological dead space in laterally and dorsally recumbent horses during halothane anesthesia

Objective - To evaluate the effect of changing the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled on the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 difference [P(a-ET)CO2] and physiological dead space (VD(phys)/VT) in laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane-anesthetized horses. Study Design - Prospective, experimental, nonrandomized trial. Animals - Seven mixed breed adult horses (1 male and 6 female) weighing 320 ± 11 kg. Methods - Horses were anesthetized in 2 positions - right lateral and dorsal recumbency - with a minimum interval of 1 month. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen for 180 minutes. Spontaneous ventilation (SV) was used for 90 minutes followed by 90 minutes of controlled ventilation (CV). The same ventilator settings were used for both laterally and dorsally recumbent horses. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every 30 minutes during anesthesia. End-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) was measured continuously. P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)/VT were calculated. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance for repeated measures over time, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. Comparison between groups was performed using a paired t test; P < .05 was considered significant. Results - P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)/VT increased during SV, whereas CV reduced these variables. The variables did not change significantly throughout mechanical ventilation in either group. Dorsally recumbent horses showed greater P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)/VT values throughout. PaCO2 was greater during CV in dorsally positioned horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Changing the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled was effective in reducing P(a-ET)CO2 and physiological dead space in both laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane-anesthetized horses. Dorsal recumbency resulted in greater impairment of effective ventilation. Capnometry has a limited value for accurate estimation of PaCO, in anesthetized horses, although it may be used to evaluate pulmonary function when paired with arterial blood gas analysis. © Copyright 2000 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.

Pitiose nasal em equino

Pythiosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by aquatic fungi (Pythium insidiosum) which occurs in some animal species, as human beings. This paper describes an Quarter Horse, breed in Pernambuco, Brazil, who had this infection. The horse presented nodular and ulcerated lesions only in nasal mucosa and the diagnosis was made by histopathologic analysis and clinical signals. Based in the histopathologic findings and anamneses information by the owner the authors believed this is an atypical presentation of this infection caused by the contact with water offered at stable.