120 resultados para UPD


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The specific heat of single-crystal U Pd2 Si2 has been studied using both the step heating and continious heating methods for the temperature range 2 to 250 K. Successive phase transitions at Tl = 136I< and T2 = 108I< are reported, which are consistent with current publications. The transition at 40K, which was previously reported, has not been detected. Recent published elastic neutron scattering data, magnetic susceptibility and resistivity results suggest that U Pd2 Si2 may be a heavy fermion compound, however, the electronic specific heat coefficient I (= 18.97 ;~), obtained from the specific heat Cv measurements, is smaller than that of the conventional heavy fermion system. The Debye temperature of U Pd2Si2 is found to be 116.55K. The possibility is discussed that the maximum in CIT in the low-temperature range 2 to 4K corresponds to Schottky anomaly induced by localized magnetic impurities .

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This work addresses the electronical properties of the superconductors UPd2Al3 and UNi2Al3 on the basis of thin film experiments. These isotructural compounds are ideal candiates to study the interplay of magnetism and superconductivity due to the differences of their magnetically ordered states, as well as the experimental evidence for a magnetic pairing mechanism in UPd2Al3. Epitaxial thin film samples of UPd2Al3 and UNi2Al3 were prepared using UHV Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). For UPd2Al3, the change of the growth direction from the intrinsic (001) to epitaxial (100) was predicted and sucessfully demonstrated using LaAlO3 substrates cut in (110) direction. With optimized deposition process parameters for UPd2Al3 (100) on LaAlO3 (110) superconducting samples with critical temperatures up to Tc = 1.75K were obtained. UPd2Al3-AlOx-Ag mesa junctions with superconducting base electrode were prepared and shown to be in the tunneling regime. However, no signatures of a superconducting density of states were observed in the tunneling spectra. The resistive superconducting transition was probed for a possible dependence on the current direction. In contrast to UNi2Al3, the existence of such feature was excluded in UPd2Al3 (100) thin films. The second focus of this work is the dependence of the resisitive transition in UNi2Al3 (100) thin films on the current direction. The experimental fact that the resisitive transition occurs at slightly higher temperatures for I║a than for I║c can be explained within a model of two weakly coupled superconducting bands. Evidence is presented for the key assumption of the two-band model, namely that transport in and out of the ab-plane is generated on different, weakly coupled parts of the Fermi surface. Main indications are the angle dependence of the superconducting transition and the dependence of the upper critical field Bc2 on current and field orientation. Additionally, several possible alternative explanations for the directional splitting of the transition are excluded in this work. An origin due to scattering on crystal defects or impurities is ruled out, likewise a relation to ohmic heating or vortex dynamics. The shift of the transition temperature as function of the current density was found to behave as predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau theory for critical current depairing, which plays a significant role in the two-band model. In conclusion, the directional splitting of the resisitive transition has to be regarded an intrinsic and unique property of UNi2Al3 up to now. Therefore, UNi2Al3 is proposed as a role model for weakly coupled multiband superconductivity. Magnetoresistance in the normalconducting state was measured for UPd2Al3 and UNi2Al3. For UNi2Al3, a negative contribution was observed close to the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature TN only for I║a, which can be associated to reduced spin-disorder scattering. In agreement with previous results it is concluded that the magnetic moments have to be attributed to the same part of the Fermi surface which generates transport in the ab-plane.

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In the present work we investigated the electrochemical behavior of PVA on polycrystalline Pt and single-crystal Pt electrodes. PVA hampered the characteristic hydrogen UPD and anion adsorption on all investigated surfaces, with the processes on Pt(110) being the most affected by the PVA presence. Several oxidation waves appeared as the potential was swept in the positive direction and the Pt(111) was found to be the most active for the oxidation processes. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3615965] All rights reserved.

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Objectives Unipolar depression (UPD) is a leading cause of global burden of diseases, particularly among the elderly, whose treatment may be challenging. In such cases, ECT is often recommended due to its safety and efficacy. This report presents a case of a 67-year-old male inpatient that developed a rare cardiac complication during ECT. Methods Clinical case report with patient’s consent and bibliographic review. Results A 67-year-old male inpatient with recurrent severe psychotic depression was hospitalized and ECT was indicated after failure of the pharmacological treatment. A comprehensive clinical pre-evaluation revealed only nonspecific ST-segment changes in electrocardiogram. During the 7th ECT session, it was observed transitory ST-segment depression followed by a discrete increase of plasma troponin I. Severe tri-vessel coronary artery stenosis was found and a percutaneous coronary angioplasty was performed, with satisfactory psychiatric and cardiac outcomes. Conclusions Unipolar depression (UPD) and cardiovascular disease are often coexistent conditions, especially among the elderly. In the current case, myocardial ischemia was detected lately during ECT therapy and its treatment allowed the UPD treatment to be completed adequately.

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La estructura y propiedades de la interfase electroquímica son el resultado de las interacciones que se producen entre los distintos componentes de una solución electrolítica y el electrodo metálico. En particular, las interacciones anión/metal han sido objeto de considerable interés en los últimos años gracias al desarrollo de nuevas técnicas que han permitido el estudio tanto in situ como ex situ de las características de este enlace de adsorción. Los iones específicamente adsorbidos modifican la distribución de carga y la estructura de la interfase y consecuentemente influencian los procesos que ocurren en ella. De allí que la comprensión de las interacciones anion/electrodo es de fundamental importancia en relación con procesos electroquímicos de relevancia tales como corrosión, UPD y electrocatálisis. Por ello, hemos encarado el estudio de procesos de adsorción de aniones sobre superficies metálicas desde un punto de vista teórico utilizando métodos mecánico cuánticos. El objetivo general de este proyecto es lograr una comprensión a nivel atómico-molecular de los procesos de adsorción en la interfase metal/vacío y metal/solución. Los estudios de adsorción de aniones tienen como objetivo entender desde un punto de vista molecular la naturaleza de procesos tales como fosfatizado de metales, corrosión, disolución de óxidos, cambios de reactividad por el agregado de aditivos, etc. pues la primera etapa de todos estos procesos siempre involucran la adsorción de aniones sobre la superficie. Por ello es necesario realizar simulaciones realísticas que representen adecuadamente el entorno de la interfase electroquímica. Por lo tanto, para poder entender las interacciones anión/metal en la interfase electroquímica es necesario considerar la adsorción de aniones hidratados sobre superficies metálicas como así también la coadsorción de aniones con moléculas de agua y otros aniones. Este grado de complejidad constituye nuestro objetivo general para poder comprender procesos macroscópicos tales como los de corrosión a nivel molecular. Los objetivos específicos de este proyecto son el estudio de las distintas propiedades del enlace anión/metal tales como la energía de adsorción, la transferencia de carga del anión al metal y relajación del anión como consecuencia del proceso de adsorción. Estas propiedades se investigarán tanto para aniones hidratados como no hidratados en presencia de campos eléctricos aplicados externamente y comparables con los que existen en una interfase electroquímica. Se continuarán los estudios de oxoaniones y ahora se considerará la hidratación de ellos, especialmente sulfato. El objetivo en este caso es comprender la influencia de la capa de hidratación en el enlace anión/metal. También se estudiará la influencia del campo eléctrico en la geometría de adsorción de moléculas de agua. El objetivo en este caso es comprender el mecanismo de disociación del agua por efecto del campo eléctrico en sus productos de descomposición: OH- y H3O+.

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This work reviews recent studies of underpotential deposition (UPD) of several metals on Pt and Au substrates performed in the Grupo de Materiais Eletroquímicos e Métodos Eletroanalíticos (IQSC -- USP, São Carlos). The UPD Cu, Cd and Pb on Pt were analysed in terms of their influence in the oxygen evolution reaction. Partial blockage of surface active sites, promoted by Pb ad-atoms, resulted in a change from water to hydrogen peroxide as the final product. The Ag UPD on Pt and Au substrates was also discussed in this work. A detailed model of charge calculation for Ag monolayer was developed and confirmed by the rotating ring-disk data. The partial charge transfer in UPD studies was analysed in the Cd/Pt and Cd/Au systems and a value of 0.5 was found for the adsorption electrovalence of Cd ad-ions. The Sn/Pt UPD systems were studied from the point of view of the valences of metallic ions in solution. The deposition from Sn(IV) generates a full monolayer with a maximum occupation of approximately 40% of the surface active sites (340 µC cm-2) plus 105 µC cm-2 of Hads (half monolayer). Changing the metallic ion for Sn(II), it was possible to deposit a full monolayer (210 µC cm-2) without any detectable Hads. Finally, the effect of anions was discussed in the Zn/Pt and Zn/Au systems. Here, the hydrogen evolution reaction (her) and the hydrogen adsorption/desorption were used in order to investigate the maximum coverage of the surface with Zn ad-atoms. The full monolayer, characterised by the complete absence of Hads, was achieved only in 0.5 M HF solutions.

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Cadmium UPD on Au was studied by voltammetric and microgravimetric measurements. In the oxide formation/reduction potential region, a mass increasing/decreasing of 32 ng cm-2 was associated to incorporation/elimination of one oxygen per active site. The modifications promoted in the voltammetric and mass profiles by 10-5 M Cd(ClO4)2 are restricted to potentials more negative than 0.4 V. After a 120 s potential delay at 0.05 V, the positive sweep reveals an anodic peak with charge of 40 muC cm-2 and mass decrease of 22 ng cm-2, associated to Cd ads dissolution. Sulphate or chloride was added to the solution without significant influence, due to the low coverage with Cd or anions.

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Cell-cell interactions during embryonic development are crucial in the co-ordination of growth, differentiation and maintenance of many different cell types. To achieve this co-ordination each cell must properly translate signals received from neighbouring cells, into spatially and temporally appropriate developmental responses. A surprisingly limited number of signal pathways are responsible for the differentiation of enormous variety of cell types. As a result, pathways are frequently 'reused' during development. Thus, in mammals the JAK/STAT pathway is required during early embryogenesis, mammary gland formation, hematopoiesis and, finally, plays a pivotal role in immune response. In the canonical way, the JAK/STAT pathway is represented by a transmembrane receptor associated with a Janus kinase (JAK), which upon stimulation by an extra-cellular ligand, phosphorylates itself, the receptor and, finally, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) molecules. Phosphorylated STATs dimerise and translocate to the nucleus where they activate transcription of target genes. The JAK/STAT pathway has been conserved throughout evolution, and all known components are present in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Besides hematopoietic and immunity functions, the pathway is also required during development for processes including embryonic segmentation, tracheal morphogenesis, posterior spiracle formation etc. This study describes Drosophila Ken&Barbie (Ken) as a selective regulator of JAK/STAT signalling. ken mutations identified in a screen for modulators of an eye overgrowth phenotype, caused by over-expression of the pathway ligand unpaired, also interact genetically with the pathway receptor domeless (dome) and the transcription factor stat92E. Over-expression of Ken can phenocopy developmental defects known to be caused by the loss of JAK/STAT signalling. These genetic interactions suggest that Ken may function as a negative regulator of the pathway. Ken has C-terminal Zn-finger domain, presumably for DNA binding, and N-terminal BTB/POZ domain, often found in transcriptional repressors. Using EGFP-fused construct expressed in vivo revealed nuclear accumulation of Ken. Therefore, it is proposed that Ken may act as a suppresser of STAT92E target genes. An in vitro assay, termed SELEX, determined that Ken specifically binds to a DNA sequence, with the essential for DNA recognition core overlapping that of STAT92E. This interesting observation suggests that not all STAT92E sites may also allow Ken binding. Strikingly, when effects of ectopic Ken on the expression of putative JAK/STAT pathway target genes were examined, only a subset of the genes tested, namely vvl, trh and kni, were down-regulated by Ken, whereas some others, such as eve and fj, appeared to be unresponsive. Further analysis of vvl, one of the genes susceptible to ectopic Ken, was undertaken. In the developing hindgut, expression of vvl is JAK/STAT pathway dependent, but remains repressed in the posterior spiracles, despite the stimulation of STAT92E by Upd in their primordia. Importantly, ken is also expressed in the developing posterior spiracles. Strikingly, up-regulation of vvl is observed in these tissues in ken mutant embryos. These imply that while ectopic Ken is sufficient to repress the expression of vvl in the hindgut, endogenous Ken is also necessary to prevent its activation in the posterior spiracles. It is therefore conceivable that ectopic vvl expression in the posterior spiracles of the ken mutants may be the result of de-repression of endogenous STAT92E activity. Another consequence of these observations is a fine balance that must exist between STAT92E and Ken activities. Apparently, endogenous level of Ken is sufficient to repress vvl, but not other, as yet unidentified, JAK/STAT pathway targets, whose presumable activation by STAT92E is required for posterior spiracle development as the embryos mutant for dome, the receptor of the pathway, show severe spiracle defects. These defects are also observed in the embryos mis-expressing Ken. Though it is possible that the posterior spiracle phenotype caused by higher levels of Ken results from a JAK/STAT pathway independent activity, it seems to be more likely that Ken acts in a dosage dependent manner, and extra Ken is able to further antagonise JAK/STAT pathway target genes. While STAT92E binding sites required for target gene expression have been poorly characterised, the existence of genome data allows the prediction of candidate STAT92E sites present in target genes promoters to be attempted. When a 6kb region containing the putative regulatory domains flanking the vvl locus are examined, only a single potential STAT92E binding site located 825bp upstream of the translational start can be detected. Strikingly, this site also includes a perfect Ken binding sequence. Such an in silico observation, though consistent with both Ken DNA binding assay in vitro and regulation of STAT92E target genes in vivo, however, requires further analysis. The JAK/STAT pathway is implicated in a variety of processes during embryonic and larval development as well as in imago. In each case, stimulation of the same transcription factor results in different developmental outcomes. While many potential mechanisms have been proposed and demonstrated to explain such pleiotropy, the present study indicates that Ken may represent another mechanism, with which signal transduction pathways are controlled. Ken selectively down-regulates a subset of potential target genes and so modifies the transcriptional profile generated by activated STAT92E - a mechanism, which may be partially responsible for differences in the morphogenetic processes elicited by JAK/STAT signalling during development.

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Der Janus Kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) Signal- transduktionsweg wird für viele Entwicklungsvorgänge benötigt und spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Hämatopoese und bei der Immunantwort. Obwohl der JAK/STAT-Signalweg in den vergangenen Jahren Gegenstand intensiver Forschung war, erschwert die Redundanz des Signalwegs bei Wirbeltieren genetische Untersuchungen zur Identifizierung derjenigen Mechanismen, die den JAK/STAT-Signalweg regulieren. Der JAK/STAT-Signaltransduktionsweg ist evolutionär konserviert und ebenfalls bei der Taufliege Drosophila melanogaster vorhanden. Im Gegensatz zu Wirbeltieren ist der Signaltransduktionsweg von Drosophila weniger redundant und beinhaltet folgende Hauptkomponenten: den Liganden Unpaired (Upd), den Transmembranrezeptor Domeless (Dome), die einzige JAK-Tyrosinkinase Hopscotch (hop), sowie den Transkriptionsfaktor STAT92E. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Rolle des JAK/STAT-Signalwegs bei der zellulären Proliferation mithilfe der Modellsysteme der Flügel- und der Augen-Imaginalscheiben von Drosophila charakterisiert. "Loss-of-function"- und "Gain-of-function"-Experimente zur Verminderung beziehungs-weise Erhöhung der Signalaktivität zeigten, dass der JAK/STAT-Signalweg eine Rolle bei der zellulären Proliferation der Flügel-Imaginalscheiben spielte, ohne die Zellgröße oder Apoptose zu verändern. Bei der Flügelentwicklung während des zweiten und des frühen dritten Larvalstadiums war die Aktivität des JAK/STAT-Signalwegs sowohl notwendig für die zelluläre Proliferation als auch hinreichend, um Überproliferation anzutreiben. Allerdings änderte sich während der späten dritten Larvalstadien die JAK/STAT-Signalaktivität, sodass endogene STAT92E-Mengen einen anti-proliferativen Effekt im gleichen Gewebe aufwiesen. Weiterhin reichte die ektopische Aktivierung des JAK/STAT-Signalwegs zu diesem späten Entwicklungszeitpunkt aus, um die Mitose zu inhibieren und die Zellen in der Phase G2 des Zellzyklus zu arretieren. Diese Ergebnisse legen den Schluss nahe, dass der JAK/STAT-Signalweg sowohl pro-proliferativ in frühen Flügelscheiben als auch anti-proliferativ zu späten Stadien der Flügelscheiben-Entwicklung wirken kann. Dieser späte anti-proliferative Effekt wurde durch einen nicht-kanonischen Mechanismus der STAT92E-Aktivierung vermittelt, da späte hop defiziente Zellverbände im Vergleich zu Wildtyp-Zellen keine Veränderungen im Ausmaß der zellulären Proliferation aufwiesen. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine während der Larvalstadien exprimierte dominant-negative und im N-Terminus deletierte Form von STAT92E (?NSTAT92E) nicht für den anti-proliferativen Effekt verantwortlich ist. Diese Tatsache ist ein weiteres Indiz dafür, dass das vollständige STAT92E den späten anti-proliferativen Effekt verursacht. Um Modulatoren für die von JAK/STAT vermittelte zelluläre Proliferation zu identifieren, wurde ein P-Element-basierter genetischer Interaktions-Screen in einem sensibilisierten genetischen Hintergrund durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden dazu 2267 unabhängige P-Element-Insertionen auf ihre Wechselwirkung mit der JAK/STAT-Signalaktivität untersucht und 24 interagierende Loci identifiziert. Diese Kandidaten können in folgende Gruppen eingeordnet werden: Zellzyklusproteine, Transkriptionsfaktoren, DNA und RNA bindende Proteine, ein Mikro-RNA-Gen, Komponenten anderer Signaltransduktionswege und Zelladhäsionsproteine. In den meisten Fällen wurden mehrere Allele der interagierenden Kandidatengene getestet. 18 Kandidatengene mit übereinstimmend interagierenden Allelen wurden dann zur weiteren Analyse ausgewählt. Von diesen 18 Kandidaten-Loci wurden 7 mögliche JAK/STAT-Signalwegskomponenten und 6 neue Zielgene des Signalwegs gefunden. Zusammenfassend wurde das Verständnis um STAT92E verbessert. Dieses Protein hat die gleiche Funktion wie das STAT3-Protein der Wirbeltiere und treibt die zelluläre Proliferation voran. Analog zu STAT1 hat STAT92E aber auch einen anti-proliferativen Effekt. Ferner wurden 24 mögliche Modulatoren der JAK/STAT-Signalaktivität identifiziert. Die Charakterisierung dieser Wechselwirkungen eröffnet vielversprechende Wege zu dem Verständnis, wie JAK/STAT die zelluläre Proliferation reguliert und könnte bei der Entwicklung von neuartigen therapeutischen Targets zur Behandlung von Krebskrankheiten und Entwicklungsstörungen beitragen.

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Background: Diabetes and periodontitis produce a protein discharge that can be reflected in saliva. This study evaluates the salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in patients with periodontitis with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Whole saliva samples were obtained from 90 subjects who were divided into four groups: healthy (control; n = 22), untreated periodontitis (UPD; n = 24), diabetes mellitus (DM; n = 20), and UPD + DM (n = 24) groups. Clinical and metabolic data were recorded. Salivary IL-6, MMP-8, and OPG concentrations were determined by a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The UPD and UPD + DM groups exhibited higher salivary IL-6 than the control and DM groups (P <0.01). The salivary MMP-8 concentrations in all diseased groups (UPD, DM, and UPD + DM) were higher than in the control group (P <0.01). The salivary OPG concentrations in the DM group were higher than in the UPD and control groups (P<0.05). In the UPD + DM group, salivary IL-6 was correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r = 0.60; P<0.05). The regression analysis indicated that the number of remaining teeth, clinical attachment level, and IL-6 might have influenced the HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes. Conclusions: Salivary 1L-6 concentrations were elevated in patients with periodontitis with or without diabetes. Salivary MMP-8 and OPG concentrations were elevated regardless of periodontal inflammation in patients with diabetes. Therefore, periodontitis and diabetes are conditions that may interfere with protein expression and should be considered when using saliva for diagnoses. J Periodontol 2010;81:384-391.

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The deposition and characterization of Se films doped with Pb underpotentially deposited (UPD) ad-atoms was studied in this work. The employed experimental techniques were cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The initial deposition of Se film by chronoamperometry yielded a thin film composed of approximately 700 layers. The Pb UPD on Se was achieved by chronoamperometry in a potential value previously determined in voltammetric experiments. This deposition yielded a deposition charge of approximately 7.5% of the total one. The film resistance altered from 320 Omega cm(2) for Se to 65 Omega cm(2) for the Se/Pb one. Flat band potential values and number of acceptors and donors were also calculated for both films and the values obtained were + 0.95 and -0.51 V for Se and Se/Pb, respectively. The Se coating presented 1.2 x 10(17) cm(3) acceptors while the Se/Pb one presented 3.2 x 10(17) cm(3) donors. The band gap values for both films were 2.4 eV and 1.9 eV, correspondingly. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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In this paper we report here new considerations about the relationship between the mass and charge variations (m/z relationship) in underpotential deposition (UPD), bulk deposition and also in the H(2)Se formation reaction. Nanogravimetric experiments were able to show the adsorption of H(2)SeO(3) on the AuO surface prior to the voltammetric sweep and that, after the AuO reduction, 0.40 monolayer of H(2)SeO(3) remains adsorbed on the newly reduced Au surface, which was enough to gives rise to the UPD layer. The UPD results indicate that the maximum coverage with Se(ads) on polycrystalline gold surface corresponds to approximately 0.40 monolayer, in good agreement with charge density results. The cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrated that the amount of bulk Se obtained during the potential scan to approximately 2 Se monolayers, which was further confirmed by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements that pointed out a mass variation corresponding of 3 monolayers of Se. In addition, the Se thin films were obtained by chronoamperometric experiments, where the Au electrode was polarized at +0.10V during different times in 1.0 M H(2)SO(4) + 1.0 mM SeO(2). The topologic aspects of the electrodeposits were observed in Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) measurements. Finally, in highly negative potential polarizations, the H(2)Se formation was analyzed by voltammetric and nanogravimetric measurements. These finding brings a new light on the selenium electrodeposition and point up to a proposed electrochemical model for molecule controlled surface engineering. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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OBJETIVO: descrever o fenótipo da síndrome de Silver-Russell (SSR) e apresentar um caso diagnosticado com esta afecção genética, abordando aspectos genéticos, psicológicos e fonoaudiológicos. MÉTODOS: trata-se de relato de caso de uma criança do gênero feminino, sete anos e onze meses, portadora da síndrome de Silver-Russel. Foram realizadas avaliação genética médica e molecular, avaliação psicológica, avaliação fonoaudiológica e aplicação de testes complementares. RESULTADOS: a análise molecular da região 7p11 excluiu a dissomia uniparental para este caso. No exame físico foram constatados os principais sinais clínicos da SSR que incluiu retardo no crescimento de origem pré-natal, fácies típica, assimetrias ósseas e clinodactilia do 5º dedo. A avaliação cognitiva e fonoaudiológica mostraram deficiência mental, distúrbio de linguagem oral e comprometimento das funções orais. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo deste caso possibilitou a divulgação do fenótipo da SSR com suas manifestações físicas, cognitivas e fonoaudiológicas. Embora o teste molecular não tenha confirmado um dos possíveis mecanismos etiológicos da síndrome, a avaliação genética médica constatou a presença dos principais sinais clínicos que foram correlacionados à literatura. A avaliação psicológica e fonoaudiológica apontaram para comprometimento cognitivo e de comunicação, funções orais , sugerindo que importantes alterações fonoaudiológicas podem fazer parte do fenótipo desta síndrome, ainda pouco difundida para fonoaudiólogos.