Determination of a Mean Solar Radiation Year and of a Typical Meteorological Year for the region of Funchal in the Madeira Island

This paper presents the determination of a mean solar radiation year and of a typical meteorological year for the region of Funchal in the Madeira Island, Portugal. The data set includes hourly mean and extreme values for air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed and hourly mean values for solar global and diffuse radiation for the period 2004-2014, with maximum data coverage of 99.7%. The determination of the mean solar radiation year consisted, in a first step, in the average of all values for each pair hour/day and, in a second step, in the application of a five days centred moving average of hourly values. The determination of the typical meteorological year was based on Finkelstein-Schafer statistics, which allows to obtain a complete year of real measurements through the selection and combination of typical months, preserving the long term averages while still allowing the analysis of short term events. The typical meteorological year validation was carried out through the comparison of the monthly averages for the typical year with the long term monthly averages. The values obtained were very close, so that the typical meteorological year can accurately represent the long term data series. The typical meteorological year can be used in the simulation of renewable energy systems, namely solar energy systems, and for predicting the energy performance of buildings.

Assessment of PV Systems Performance in the Madeira Island Using Typical Meteorological Year Data

This paper focus on the development of an algorithm using Matlab to generate Typical Meteorological Years from weather data of eight locations in the Madeira Island and to predict the energy generation of photovoltaic systems based on solar cells modelling. Solar cells model includes the effect of ambient temperature and wind speed. The analysis of the PV system performance is carried out through the Weather Corrected Performance Ratio and the PV system yield for the entire island is estimated using spatial interpolation tools.

Design of a novel solar thermal collector using a multi-criteria decision-making methodology

Three novel solar thermal collector concepts derived from the Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) are developed and evaluated through a multi-criteria decision-making methodology, comprising the following techniques: Quality Function Deployment (QFD), the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Pugh selection matrix. Criteria are specified by technical and customer requirements gathered from Gujarat, India. The concepts are compared to a standard LFR for reference, and as a result, a novel 'Elevation Linear Fresnel Reflector' (ELFR) concept using elevating mirrors is selected. A detailed version of this concept is proposed and compared against two standard LFR configurations, one using constant and the other using variable horizontal mirror spacing. Annual performance is analysed for a typical meteorological year. Financial assessment is made through the construction of a prototype. The novel LFR has an annual optical efficiency of 49% and increases exergy by 13-23%. Operational hours above a target temperature of 300 C are increased by 9-24%. A 17% reduction in land usage is also achievable. However, the ELFR suffers from additional complexity and a 16-28% increase in capital cost. It is concluded that this novel design is particularly promising for industrial applications and locations with restricted land availability or high land costs. The decision analysis methodology adopted is considered to have a wider potential for applications in the fields of renewable energy and sustainable design. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Desmonte de rocha com explosivos: importância da optimização

Este trabalho pretende avaliar e melhorar o modo de execução da aplicação da técnica de rebentamento com explosivos, aumentando a fragmentação e reduzindo o custo no conjunto das operações de perfuração, carga, detonação e fragmentação secundária e compreender a influência na variação do custo das operações face às melhorias adoptadas. A investigação foi executada na pedreira da Mota-Engil, Engenharia S.A. ‘’ Bouça do Menino’’ Vila Verde, Cervães, tendo os dados iniciais sido recolhidos em 2004 (ano de referência) e comparados com os seguintes 4 anos. A perfuração é geralmente um dos principais factores que influenciam o resultado de um rebentamento, já que do seu rigor pode depender a eficiência do explosivo. Hoje em dia, para além da adequação dos métodos de execução ao local a fragmentar, existem ferramentas que nos permitem visualizar com rigor as circunstâncias em que se desenvolvem os trabalhos, nomeadamente as utilizadas pelos equipamentos de perfuração para controlo de profundidade, inclinação e direcção, a utilização de feixes ‘’laser’’ que nos permitem manter o nivelamento das plataformas, o ‘’laser’’ profile que nos ajuda a definir o posicionamento e inclinação dos furos relativamente à frente livre antes de executar a perfuração, ou ainda, a utilização de equipamentos de registo de coordenadas que nos permitem verificar o posicionamento do furo após a sua execução e decidir sobre a sua utilização mais correcta em função da sua posição. A utilização destas ferramentas associadas a um ‘’software’’ de desenho é ainda uma excelente ferramenta de formação para os operadores da perfuração e utilização dos explosivos, já que permite visualizar e compreender a relação da posição dos furos com o resultado do rebentamento.

Il desiderio materno nei casi di maltrattamento infantile

The work of this thesis would like to investigate two particular questions about the care of underage: on the one hand, the maltreatment, and the mother's desire on the other hand. About the first, this proposal try to underscore the elaborate irregularity and disparity related to this phenomenon and his historical evolution. The objective's thesis propose to underline that the abuse crosses the crisis of educational dimension inside and outside the family. We are talking about a type of crisi that places at the origin of a specific clinic and that it is about the maltreatment designated, at the same time, to cope with the educational void and with the ill-treated under age's hardships. The so-called clinic of the maltreatment horns, therefore, with the purpose to join and to set in order the normative and educational aspects. However, the prescriptive requirement is intended to measure against the same one crisis in a paradoxical way; the laws and the juveniles court must make up for the lack absence of the rules that characterized the maltreatment, getting around to use the typical reference that traditionally were been at the base of the educational way's construction. The same crimes on underage often found in the father the responsibility. The requirements and the therapeutic needs has utilized the theoretical construct of the trauma as the key line of clinical practice. On the one hand, the trauma was been paired controversially to the psychoanalytical concepts as the notion of the phantom, in the same manner that the objective truth is been opposed to the notion of the imagination and fantasy; on the other hand, the trauma was gotten to be the mark and the characteristic that defined the individual identity of the mistreated persons, regardless of the person's clinical structure or, generally, regardless of the their individual position. Both the normative demand and therapeutic converge on the idealization of the imaginary figure that is able to supply to every type of maltreatment: the mother. This position is connected on theoretical construct well-established in the mythology, that associated the mother figure to a natural dimension; this is related to the second point at issue: the mother's desire. The awareness of the mother figure in natural and idealized terms describes accusingly and negatively the trauma, without seeing the difference between trauma that helps to give a structure to the individual position from the trauma solely devastating. The mother's mythology, therefore, is in an evident antagonism with the female figure and woman's sexuality. In these way the maltreatment's clinic suggests that a woman is able to be a mother only when she doesn't appreciate the rule of female. This situation preclusives a comparison with own sexuality and gives to the women a complex of castration. The clinic cases reported highlight as these difficulties are the expression of the familiarity's heredity that wasn't been sufficiently elaborated. This condition (into the relation between mother and his child) turn the infant in the incapacity to symbolized and it doesn't help him to accede to the positive trauma, to the language and to the edipic rule; this is the reason why the child toils difficulties to approach to own personality and to orient himself in the relation with his body, with the body of the adults and the same age children.

A dynamic analysis of human welfare in a warming planet

Climate science indicates that climate stabilization requires low GHG emissions. Is thisconsistent with nondecreasing human welfare?Our welfare or utility index emphasizes education, knowledge, and the environment. Weconstruct and calibrate a multigenerational model with intertemporal links provided by education,physical capital, knowledge and the environment.We reject discounted utilitarianism and adopt, first, the Pure Sustainability Optimization (orIntergenerational Maximin) criterion, and, second, the Sustainable Growth Optimization criterion,that maximizes the utility of the first generation subject to a given future rate of growth. We applythese criteria to our calibrated model via a novel algorithm inspired by the turnpike property.The computed paths yield levels of utility higher than the level at reference year 2000 for allgenerations. They require the doubling of the fraction of labor resources devoted to the creation ofknowledge relative to the reference level, whereas the fractions of labor allocated to consumptionand leisure are similar to the reference ones. On the other hand, higher growth rates requiresubstantial increases in the fraction of labor devoted to education, together with moderate increasesin the fractions of labor devoted to knowledge and the investment in physical capital.

Pantoprazole intraveineux aux soins intensifs pédiatriques: un modèle de pharmacocinétique de population

Objectifs : Définir les paramètres pharmacocinétiques du pantoprazole intraveineux en soins intensifs pédiatriques et déterminer l’influence qu’exercent sur ceux-ci les facteurs démographiques, le syndrome de réponse inflammatoire systémique (SRIS), la dysfonction hépatique et l’administration d’un inhibiteur du cytochrome (CYP) 2C19. Méthode : Cent cinquante-six concentrations plasmatiques de pantoprazole provenant d’une population de 20 patients (âgés de 10 jours à 16.4 ans) à risque ou atteints d’une hémorragie gastroduodénale de stress, ayant reçu des doses quotidiennes de pantoprazole de 19.9 à 140.6 mg/1.73m2, ont été analysées selon les méthodes non compartimentale et de modélisation non linéaire à effets mixtes. Résultats : Une clairance médiane (CL) de 0.14 L/h/kg, un volume apparent de distribution de 0.20 L/kg et une demi-vie d’élimination de 1.7 h ont été déterminés via l’approche non compartimentale. Le modèle populationnel à deux compartiments avec une infusion d’ordre zéro et une élimination d’ordre un représentait fidèlement la cinétique du pantoprazole. Le poids, le SRIS, la dysfonction hépatique et l’administration d’un inhibiteur du CYP2C19 constituaient les covariables significatives rendant compte de 75 % de la variabilité interindividuelle observée pour la CL. Seul le poids influençait significativement le volume central de distribution (Vc). Selon les estimations du modèle final, un enfant de cinq ans pesant 20 kg avait une CL de 5.28 L/h et un Vc de 2.22 L. La CL du pantoprazole augmentait selon l’âge et le poids tandis qu’elle diminuait respectivement de 62.3%, 65.8% et 50.5% en présence d’un SRIS, d’un inhibiteur du CYP2C19 ou d’une dysfonction hépatique. Conclusion : Ces résultats permettront de guider les cliniciens dans le choix d’une dose de charge et dans l’ajustement des posologies du pantoprazole en soins intensifs pédiatriques dépendamment de facteurs fréquemment rencontrés dans cette population.

Pertinence de la référence en orthopédie pédiatrique des cas suspectés de scoliose idiopathique : association avec la morbidité perçue et les itinéraires de soins des patients

La scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent (SIA) est le type de déformation musculosquelettique le plus fréquent dans la population pédiatrique, pour une prévalence d’environ 2,0%. Depuis l’arrêt des programmes scolaires de dépistage de la SIA dans les années 1980 au Canada, nous ne disposions d’aucune donnée sur l’utilisation des services de santé par les patients présentant une SIA suspectée. En l’absence de tels programmes, des changements dans les patrons d’utilisation des services spécialisés d’orthopédie pédiatrique sont anticipés. La thèse a donc pour but d’étudier la pertinence de la référence dans ces services des jeunes avec SIA suspectée. Elle est structurée autour de trois principaux objectifs. 1) Valider un instrument de mesure de la morbidité perçue (perception des symptômes) dans la clientèle d’orthopédie pédiatrique; 2) Étudier la relation entre la morbidité perçue par les profanes (le jeune et le parent) et la morbidité objectivée par les experts; 3) Caractériser les itinéraires de soins des patients avec SIA suspectée, de façon à en élaborer une taxonomie et à analyser les relations entre ceux-ci et la pertinence de la référence. En 2006-2007, une vaste enquête a été réalisée dans les cinq cliniques d’orthopédie pédiatrique du Sud-Ouest du Québec : 831 patients référés ont été recrutés. Ils furent classés selon des critères de pertinence de la référence (inappropriée, appropriée ou tardive) définis en fonction de l’amplitude de la courbe rachidienne et de la maturité squelettique à cette première visite. La morbidité perçue par les profanes a été opérationnalisée par la gravité, l’urgence, les douleurs, l’impact sur l’image de soi et la santé générale. L’ensemble des consultations médicales et paramédicales effectuées en amont de la consultation en orthopédie pédiatrique a été documenté par questionnaire auprès des familles. En s’appuyant sur le Modèle comportemental de l’utilisation des services d’Andersen, les facteurs (dits de facilitation et de capacité) individuels, relatifs aux professionnels et au système ont été considérés comme variables d’ajustement dans l’étude des relations entre la morbidité perçue ou les itinéraires de soins et la pertinence de la référence. Les principales conclusions de cette étude sont : i) Nous disposons d’instruments fidèles (alpha de Cronbach entre 0,79 et 0,86) et valides (validité de construit, concomitante et capacité discriminante) pour mesurer la perception de la morbidité dans la population adolescente francophone qui consulte en orthopédie pédiatrique; ii) Les profanes jouent un rôle important dans la suspicion de la scoliose (53% des cas) et leur perception de la morbidité est directement associée à la morbidité objectivée par les professionnels; iii) Le case-mix actuel en orthopédie est jugé non optimal en regard de la pertinence de la référence, les mécanismes actuels entraînant un nombre considérable de références inappropriées (38%) et tardives (18%) en soins spécialisés d’orthopédie pédiatrique; iv) Il existe une grande diversité de professionnels par qui sont vus les jeunes avec SIA suspectée ainsi qu’une variabilité des parcours de soins en amont de la consultation en orthopédie, et v) La continuité des soins manifestée dans les itinéraires, notamment via la source régulière de soins de l’enfant, est favorable à la diminution des références tardives (OR=0,32 [0,17-0,59]). Les retombées de cette thèse se veulent des contributions à l’avancement des connaissances et ouvrent sur des propositions d’initiatives de transfert des connaissances auprès des professionnels de la première ligne. De telles initiatives visent la sensibilisation à cette condition de santé et le soutien à la prise de décision de même qu’une meilleure coordination des demandes de consultation pour une référence appropriée et en temps opportun.

Utilização de um aplicativo de simulação computacional na avaliação de desempenho térmico de protótipo de habitação de interesse social (his)

This Masters Degree dissertation seeks to make a comparative study of internal air temperature data, simulated through the thermal computer application DesignBuilder 1.2, and data registered in loco through HOBO® Temp Data Logger, in a Social Housing Prototype (HIS), located at the Central Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN. The prototype was designed and built seeking strategies of thermal comfort recommended for the local climate where the study was carried out, and built with panels of cellular concrete by Construtora DoisA, a collaborator of research project REPESC Rede de Pesquisa em Eficiência Energética de Sistemas Construtivos (Research Network on Energy Efficiency of Construction Systems), an integral part of Habitare program. The methodology employed carefully examined the problem, reviewed the bibliography, analyzing the major aspects related to computer simulations for thermal performance of buildings, such as climate characterization of the region under study and users thermal comfort demands. The DesignBuilder 1.2 computer application was used as a simulation tool, and theoretical alterations were carried out in the prototype, then they were compared with the parameters of thermal comfort adopted, based on the area s current technical literature. Analyses of the comparative studies were performed through graphical outputs for a better understanding of air temperature amplitudes and thermal comfort conditions. The data used for the characterization of external air temperature were obtained from the Test Reference Year (TRY), defined for the study area (Natal-RN). Thus the author also performed comparative studies for TRY data registered in the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, at weather station Davis Precision Station, located at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE-CRN (National Institute of Space Research), in a neighboring area of UFRN s Central Campus. The conclusions observed from the comparative studies performed among computer simulations, and the local records obtained from the studied prototype, point out that the simulations performed in naturally ventilated buildings is quite a complex task, due to the applications limitations, mainly owed to the complexity of air flow phenomena, the influence of comfort conditions in the surrounding areas and climate records. Lastly, regarding the use of the application DesignBuilder 1.2 in the present study, one may conclude that it is a good tool for computer simulations. However, it needs some adjustments to improve reliability in its use. There is a need for continued research, considering the dedication of users to the prototype, as well as the thermal charges of the equipment, in order to check sensitivity

Meeting the millennium poverty reduction targets in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Dissertações e teses da pós-graduação em educação na Unesp-Campus de Marília: um estudo das citações e cocitações (2004 a 2009)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Seleção de indicadores para a gestão de saúde no município

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

I dati metereologici per applicazioni energetiche e ambientali

Many energetic and environmental evaluations need appropriate meteorological data, as input to analysis and prevision softwares. In Italy there aren't adeguate meteorological data because, in many cases, they are incomplete, incorrect and also very expensive for a long-term analysis (that needs multi-year data sets). A possible solution to this problem is the use of a Typical Meteorological Year (TRY), generated for specific applications. Nowadays the TRYs have been created, using statistical criteria, just for the analysis of solar energy systems and for predicting the thermal performance of buildings, applying it also to the study of photovoltaic plants (PV), though not specifically created for this type of application. The present research has defined the methodology for the creation of TRYs for different applications. In particular TRYs for environmental and wind plant analysis have been created. This is the innovative aspect of this research, never explored before. In additions, the methodology of the generation for the PV TRYs has been improved. The results are very good and the TRYs generated for these applications are adeguate to characterize the climatic condition of the place over a long period and can be used for energetic and environmental studies.

Effects of anticonvulsants on human p450c17 (17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2.

PURPOSE Women with epilepsy apparently have a higher incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than do women without epilepsy. Whether the underlying disease or the antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is responsible for this increased risk is unknown, although clinical reports implicate valproic acid (VPA) as a potential cause. The steroidogenic enzymes 3beta HSDII (3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and P450c17 (17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase) are essential for C19 steroid biosynthesis, which is enhanced during adrenarche and in PCOS. METHODS To determine whether the AEDs VPA, carbamazepine (CBZ), topiramate (TPM), or lamotrigine (LYG) directly affect the activities of human 3beta HSDII and P450c17, we added them to yeast expressing human P450c17 or 3beta HSDII and assayed enzymatic activities in the microsomal fraction. RESULTS Concentrations of VPA < or = 10 mM had no effect on activities of P450c17; however, VPA inhibited 3beta HSDII activity starting at 0.3 mM (reference serum unbound concentration, 0.035-0.1 mM) with an IC50 of 10.1 mM. CBZ, TPM, and LTG did not influence 3beta HSDII or P450c17 activities at typical reference serum unbound concentrations, but did inhibit 3beta HSDII and P450c17 at concentrations >10-fold higher. CONCLUSIONS None of the tested AEDs influenced 3beta HSDII or P450c17 activities at concentrations normally used in AED therapy. However, VPA started to inhibit 3beta HSDII activity at concentrations 3 times above the typical reference serum unbound concentration. Because inhibition of 3beta HSDII activity will shift steroidogenesis toward C19 steroid production when P450c17 activities are unchanged, very high doses of VPA may promote C19 steroid biosynthesis, thus resembling PCOS. CBZ, TPM, and LTG influenced 3beta HSDII and P450c17 only at toxic concentrations.