A preliminary evaluation of seat back locks for two-door passenger cars with folding front seatbacks. Technical report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Extracting bridge frequencies from dynamic responses of two passing vehicles

A conventional way to identify bridge frequencies is utilizing vibration data measured directly from the bridge. A drawback with this approach is that the deployment and maintenance of the vibration sensors are generally costly and time-consuming. One of the solutions is in a drive-by approach utilizing vehicle vibrations while the vehicle passes over the bridge. In this approach, however, the vehicle vibration includes the effect of road surface roughness, which makes it difficult to extract the bridge modal properties. This study aims to examine subtracting signals of two trailers towed by a vehicle to reduce the effect of road surface roughness. A simplified vehicle-bridge interaction model is used in the numerical simulation; the vehicle - trailer and bridge system are modeled as a coupled model. In addition, a laboratory experiment is carried out to verify results of the simulation and examine feasibility of the damage detection by the drive-by method.

As guardas de segurança para proteção a motociclistas: características e graus de eficácia

Os acidentes envolvendo veículos de duas rodas, são um dos maiores problemas da segurança rodoviária atual, no âmbito Europeu. Um dos tipos de acidentes que pode causar danos mais graves aos ocupantes desses veículos é o embate com guardas de segurança. Em consequência disso, neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas opiniões, abonatórias ou não, ao uso de dispositivos de proteção para motociclistas acoplados nas guardas de segurança. Estas opiniões vão partir de dados estatísticos, de estudos e exemplos concretos de vários autores e publicações relacionados com esta temática, sendo que o tipo de dispositivo de proteção para motociclistas que vai estar mais em foco e sendo ele o mais habitual nas estradas portuguesas será a saia metálica. Estes dispositivos de segurança para motociclistas ainda não são de uso obrigatório nas guardas de segurança na maioria dos países do continente Europeu, segundo a norma europeia EN 1317, apesar deste tipo de proteção já estar normalizada segundo padrões de lesões biomecânicos na zona da cabeça, cervical e anca/abdómen descritos na norma EN 1317 UNE 135900 – 1:2003, em alguns países é descurado o uso destas proteções, por não serem obrigatórias e porque ainda se tornam mais dispendiosas que as guardas de segurança habituais (barreiras de metal simples). Este estudo serviu essencialmente para verificar se estes dispositivos salvaguardam ou não a vida dos utilizadores de duas rodas, pois, se pelo contrário, aumentam ainda o risco, ou de lesões mais gravosas ou mesmo de morte, aquando o embate com as mesmas, os gastos associados a este tipo de equipamentos serão totalmente inúteis e desnecessários.

"Poster yourself": a construção colaborativa e multimédia do conhecimento no Ensino Precoce de Inglês

Mestrado em Ensino Precoce do Inglês

Heuristics and policies for online pickup and delivery problems

Master Thesis

Innovation at Polisport: Discoverding the drivers and impact on performance at a Portuguese SME

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Uso del casco en adolescentes usuarios de ciclomotores en la ciudad de Gerona, 2006

Las lesiones cerebrales por traumatismos craneocerebrales son la causa más frecuente de defunción en colisiones de tráfico con la implicación de vehículos de dos ruedas. A pesar de la probada eficacia del uso del casco como dispositivo de protección de la cabeza para atenuar las lesiones en caso de colisión, algunos adolescentes y jóvenes no lo utilizan. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las variables que mejor predicen el uso del casco entre adolescentes usuarios de ciclomotores

Étude de faisabilité du modèle de fournisseur de services de dépôt électronique

"Le présent rapport a pour objet de fournir un commentaire détaillé sur la faisabilité globale d'un portail unique de dépôt électronique hébergé par le secteur privé (modèle transactionnel central de dépôt électronique) fondé sur la norme LegalXML. Le résultat attendu principal est une opinion concernant la faisabilité du modèle à guichet unique (portail électronique). D'autres résultats attendus comprennent : une connaissance accrue chez les intéressés du modèle de fournisseur de services et une évaluation préliminaire de l'appui que le modèle reçoit. Nous avons utilisé deux véhicules d'analyse principaux pour réaliser les objectifs de l'étude susmentionnés : des analyses documentaires et des entretiens auprès d'intéressés. Les analyses visent explicitement à : examiner des approches différentes au dépôt électronique, notamment un système de dépôt électronique comme extension de chaque instance, et l'hébergement par le secteur privé par opposition au secteur public d'un guichet unique; recenser les questions et les facteurs de risque critiques se rapportant à la mise en place de services de dépôt électronique dans les cours, notamment la protection des renseignements personnels, la propriété intellectuelle et la sécurité, et en discuter; opposer chacun de ces points au modèle de FSA; faire des recommandations sur la stratégie permettant de régler les questions et les facteurs de risque critiques. L'étude a révélé que : de nombreux intéressés appuient le dépôt électronique; de nombreux intéressés (p. ex. les avocats) ne font aucune distinction entre les formes différentes de dépôt électronique, tandis que d'autres s'en soucient beaucoup (p. ex. administrateurs de certaines cours); un modèle de fournisseur de services de dépôt électronique (FSDE) à guichet unique offre quelques avantages importants par rapport à une approche de dépôt électronique individuelle, surtout pour ce qui concerne les coûts et la plate-forme de l'avenir; un modèle de FSDE du secteur privé offre des avantages considérables par rapport à un modèle de FSDE du secteur privé, surtout en matière de succès et de coût de la mise en œuvre."

Classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport Systems

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) consists in the application of ICT to transport to offer new and improved services to the mobility of people and freights. While using ITS, travellers produce large quantities of data that can be collected and analysed to study their behaviour and to provide information to decision makers and planners. The thesis proposes innovative deployments of classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport System with the aim to support the decisions on traffic rerouting, bus transport demand and behaviour of two wheelers vehicles. The first part of this work provides an overview and a classification of a selection of clustering algorithms that can be implemented for the analysis of ITS data. The first contribution of this thesis is an innovative use of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify similar travels in terms of their origin and destination, together with the proposal for a methodology to analyse drivers’ route choice behaviour using GPS coordinates and optimal alternatives. The clusters of repetitive travels made by a sample of drivers are then analysed to compare observed route choices to the modelled alternatives. The results of the analysis show that drivers select routes that are more reliable but that are more expensive in terms of travel time. Successively, different types of users of a service that provides information on the real time arrivals of bus at stop are classified using Support Vector Machines. The results shows that the results of the classification of different types of bus transport users can be used to update or complement the census on bus transport flows. Finally, the problem of the classification of accidents made by two wheelers vehicles is presented together with possible future application of clustering methodologies aimed at identifying and classifying the different types of accidents.

Comparing fuzzy and intelligent PI controllers in stop-and-go manoeuvres

The aim of this work was twofold: on the one hand, to describe a comparative study of two intelligent control techniques-fuzzy and intelligent proportional-integral (PI) control, and on the other, to try to provide an answer to an as yet unsolved topic in the automotive sector-stop-and-go control in urban environments at very low speeds. Commercial vehicles exhibit nonlinear behavior and therefore constitute an excellent platform on which to check the controllers. This paper describes the design, tuning, and evaluation of the controllers performing actions on the longitudinal control of a car-the throttle and brake pedals-to accomplish stop-and-go manoeuvres. They are tested in two steps. First, a simulation model is used to design and tune the controllers, and second, these controllers are implemented in the commercial vehicle-which has automatic driving capabilities-to check their behavior. A stop-and-go manoeuvre is implemented with the two control techniques using two cooperating vehicles.

Spatial analysis of geometric design consistency and road sight distance

Because of the high number of crashes occurring on highways, it is necessary to intensify the search for new tools that help in understanding their causes. This research explores the use of a geographic information system (GIS) for an integrated analysis, taking into account two accident-related factors: design consistency (DC) (based on vehicle speed) and available sight distance (ASD) (based on visibility). Both factors require specific GIS software add-ins, which are explained. Digital terrain models (DTMs), vehicle paths, road centerlines, a speed prediction model, and crash data are integrated in the GIS. The usefulness of this approach has been assessed through a study of more than 500 crashes. From a regularly spaced grid, the terrain (bare ground) has been modeled through a triangulated irregular network (TIN). The length of the roads analyzed is greater than 100 km. Results have shown that DC and ASD could be related to crashes in approximately 4% of cases. In order to illustrate the potential of GIS, two crashes are fully analyzed: a car rollover after running off road on the right side and a rear-end collision of two moving vehicles. Although this procedure uses two software add-ins that are available only for ArcGIS, the study gives a practical demonstration of the suitability of GIS for conducting integrated studies of road safety.

Trends in lipoplex physical properties dependent on cationic lipid structure, vehicle and complexation procedure do not correlate with biological activity

Using a group of structurally related cytofectins, the effects of different vehicle constituents and mixing techniques on the physical properties and biological activity of lipoplexes were systematically examined. Physical properties were examined using a combination of dye accessibility assays, centrifugation, gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering. Biological activity was examined using in vitro transfection. Lipoplexes were formulated using two injection vehicles commonly used for in vivo delivery (PBS pH 7.2 and 0.9% saline), and a sodium phosphate vehicle previously shown to enhance the biological activity of naked pDNA and lipoplex formulations. Phosphate was found to be unique in its effect on lipoplexes. Specifically, the accessible pDNA in lipoplexes formulated with cytofectins containing a γ-amine substitution in the headgroup was dependent on alkyl side chain length and sodium phosphate concentration, but the same effects were not observed when using cytofectins containing a β-OH headgroup substitution. The physicochemical features of the phosphate anion, which give rise to this effect in γ-amine cytofectins, were deduced using a series of phosphate analogs. The effects of the formulation vehicle on transfection were found to be cell type-dependent; however, of the formulation variables examined, the liposome/pDNA mixing method had the greatest effect on transgene expression in vitro. Thus, though predictive physical structure relationships involving the vehicle and cytofectin components of the lipoplex were uncovered, they did not extrapolate to trends in biological activity.

Cancellation of siren noise from two way voice communications inside emergency vehicles

Sirens used by police, fire and paramedic vehicles have been designed so that they can be heard over large distances, but unfortunately the siren noise enters the vehicle and corrupts intelligibility of voice communications from the emergency vehicle to the control room. Often the siren needs to be turned off to enable the control room to hear what is being said. This paper discusses a siren noise filter system that is capable of removing the siren noise picked up by the two-way radio microphone inside the vehicle. The removal of the siren noise improves the response time for emergency vehicles and thus save lives. To date, the system has been trialed within a fire tender in a non-emergency situation, with good results.

Cancellation of siren noise from two-way voice communication inside emergency vehicles

The development of an adaptive filter system, capable of reducing significantly the effect of siren noise within the cab of an emergency vehicle, is described. The system is capable of removing the siren noise picked up by the radio microphone inside the vehicle, without degrading the wanted voice signal, thus allowing the siren to be used at all times.