The type and frequency of interactions that occur between staff and children outside in Early Years Foundation Stage settings during a fixed playtime period when there are tricycles available

This study reports on an investigation into adult and child interactions observed in the outdoor play environment in four Local Authority early years foundation stage settings in England. In this instance the common two features across the settings were the presence of tricycles and a timetabled outdoor play period. In total, across the four schools, there were 204 children. The study aimed to gain an understanding of the nature of the dialogues between staff and children, that is, the types of exchange that occurred when either the child approached an adult or the adult approached a child. The most frequent type of utterance was also analysed. The study concludes that adults in these settings spoke more than children and the greatest type of utterance was that of the adult about domestic matters. When the child initiated the conversation there were more extended child utterances than domestic utterances. This may suggest that children wish to be involved in conversations of depth and meaning and that staff need to become aware of how to develop this conversational language with children.

Evaluating the use of an urban consolidation centre and electric vehicles in central London

The paper focuses on the role that can be played by urban consolidation centres (UCCs) in reducing freight traffic and its environmental impacts in towns and cities. It is based on the before and after evaluation of a trial led by a major stationery and office supplies company in which urban freight deliveries in central London made from a depot in the suburbs using diesel vehicles were replaced with the use of an urban micro-consolidation centre located in the delivery area together with the use of electrically-assisted cargo tricycles and electric vans. The results show that the total distance travelled and the CO2eq emissions per parcel delivered fell by 20% and 54% respectively as a result of this delivery system. However, the evaluation has also indicated that the distance travelled per parcel rose substantially in the City of London delivery area as a result of the electric vehicles having far smaller load limits in both weight and volume compared with diesel vans. But, at the same time, the trial system was able to virtually eliminate CO2eq emissions per parcel delivered in the City of London. The trial proved successful from the company's perspective in transport, environmental and financial terms. The company therefore decided to continue the operation beyond the end of the trial with it being officially launched during 2010.

Sequential ring-closing metathesis and nitrone cycloaddition on glucose-derived substrates: a divergent approach to analogues of spiroannulated carbanucleosides and conformationally locked nucleosides

The carbohydrate-derived substrate 3-C-allyl-1,2: 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-allofuranose was judiciously manipulated for preparing suitable synthons, which could be converted to a variety of isoxazolidino-spirocycles and -tricycles through the application of ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition (INC) reactions. Cleavage of the isoxazolidine rings of some of these derivatives by tranfer hydrogenolysis followed by coupling of the generated amino functionalities with 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine furnished the corresponding chloropyrimidine nucleosides, which were elaborated to spiroannulated carbanucleosides and conformationally locked bicyclo[2.2.1] heptane/ oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane nucleosides. However, use of higher temperature for the cyclization of one of the chloropyrimidines led to the dimethylaminopurine analogue as a sole product, formed via nucleophilic displacement of the chloro group by dimethylamine generated from DMF.

Scene in front of Bus. Ad. Bldg. [Business Administration Building]

Lee Black & Kenneth Black, architects.

East Quadrangle

Built 1940. Part of the building of residence halls for men under the "Michigan House Plan." Morrison & Gabler, architects. Addition in 1946-1948. On verso: East Univ. entrance

East Quad [Quadrangle] S. Entrance

Built 1940. Part of the building of residence halls for men under the "Michigan House Plan." Morrison & Gabler, architects. Addition in 1946-1948

Medical Building West

Spier & Rohns, architect. Cornerstone laid on October 15, 1901; building occupied in 1903. Originally West Medical Building; became Samuel Trask Dana Building. Also known as Natural Resources Building. On verso: University of Michigan, News Service, 564 Administration Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Granite block marking the former place of the Haven Elm, planted by the class of 1867 in honor of President Erastus O. Haven.

On verso: Class [sic] to the rear wall of Angell Hall and between Angell and Haven Halls. M-12

Undergraduate Library

Albert Kahn Associates, architects. Built 1957. On verso: University of Michigan, News Service, 3528 Administration Bldg., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

Angell Hall--Addition

Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, architects. Bryant & Detwiler, contractor. In 1951/1952 Haven Hall (south side) and Mason Hall (north) were added to the east or diagonal side of Angell Hall. View from south.

West Physics Building

Pond & Pond, architects. Built 1887-1888. Handwritten on mount: Physical laboratory.

Administration Building

Harley, Ellington & Day, architects. Occupied in December 1948 by business, administrative, and public service departments, the building was designated as the Administrative Building. Exterior features Marshall Frederick's sculpture. In 1967, upon completion of the Fleming Administration Building, this building became the LS&A Building.