Estudo químico das folhas de Trichilia silvatica (Meliaceae)

From the leaves of a specimen of Trichilia silvatica Meliaceae, eight known compounds were isolated, namely, two pregnanes, 2α,3β,4β-trihydroxypregnan-16-one (1) and 2β,3β,4β-trihydroxypregnan-16-one (2), three diterpenes, cneorubine X (3), kolavelool (4) and kolavenol (5), in addition to γ-tocopherol, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol. This is the first reported occurrence of pregnane 1, diterpenes 3-5 and µ-tocopherol in the genus Trichilia. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

Frações de Trichilia pallens com atividade inseticida sobre Tuta absoluta

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar frações de extratos aquosos e orgânicos da meliácea Trichilia pallens, com atividade inseticida sobre a traça-do-tomateiro Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Extratos aquosos liofilizados (EAL) a 3% de folhas e ramos de T. pallens foram ressuspendidos em água e aplicados sobre folíolos de tomateiro infestados com lagartas recém-eclodidas. Com base na mortalidade aos 5 e 10 dias após a infestação (dai), os EAL de folhas foram mais eficientes que os de ramos. Numa segunda etapa, foram obtidos, por maceração, extratos de folhas a 1%, em hexano (HEX), diclorometano (DIC) e metanol (MET) como descrito anteriormente, tendo-se incluído acetona e água como controles. Entre os extratos, o DIC foi o mais promissor como fonte de substâncias com atividade inseticida sobre lagartas de T. absoluta. Na seqüência, por meio de partição líquido-líquido do extrato DIC de folhas, obtiveram-se as frações em HEX, MET, acetato de etila (AET), n-butanol (NBU) e aquosa (AQ). Destas frações, a AQ a 0,1% do extrato em DIC foi considerada a mais promissora como fonte de substâncias com atividade inseticida sobre T. absoluta.

Constituintes químicos e atividade inseticida dos extratos de frutos de Trichilia elegans E T. catigua (Meliaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the fruits extracts of Trichilia elegans and Trichilia catigua (Meliaceae) has led to the identification of the limonoids 11β-acetoxyobacunone, cedrelone, methylangolensate and epimeric mixture of photogedunin besides known coumarins (scoparone, scopoletin, umbeliferone) and the steroids stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, sitostenone and campesterol. The structures of the compounds were proposed by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. An evaluation of the insecticidal activity of the fruits extracts of Trichilia ssp. was carried out and the extracts of T. elegans revealed to have strong insecticidal activity and the extracts of T. catigua showed moderate larval mortality on Spodoptera frugiperda.

Atividade inseticida dos frutos de Trichilia claussenii (Meliaceae) sobre Spodoptera frugiperda

An evaluation of the insecticidal activity of the fruits extracts of Trichilia claussenii was carried out and the methanol extract revealed to have strong insecticidal activity. The fractionation of methanol extract of T. claussenii seeds bioassay-guided against Spodoptera frugiperda has led to the identification of the ω-phenylalkyl and alkenyl fatty acids as active compounds in this extract. The structures of the compounds were proposed by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data.

Enraizamento de estacas de Trichilia catigua A. Juss (catigua) em diferentes estações do ano

Pertencente à família Meliaceae, Trichilia catigua A. Juss possui casca com propriedades adstringente, inseticida, purgativa, tônica, bactericida, antiinflamatória e antidepressiva. Este estudo objetivou enraizar estacas de ramos lenhosos da espécie em diferentes estações do ano. Para tal, estacas com aproximadamente 15 cm de comprimento, coletadas de árvores adultas, foram preparadas da parte apical e mediana dos ramos e submetidas aos reguladores vegetais AIB (ácido indolbutírico), ANA (ácido naftalenoacético) e AIA (ácido 3-indolacético). Determinaram-se a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas e mortas e, quando enraizadas, seu comprimento e diâmetro. Na primavera de 2004, as estacas foram submetidas às concentrações de 1.000 e 2.000 mg L-1 de AIB, ANA e AIA e avaliadas aos 90 dias. As maiores porcentagens de enraizamento foram iguais a 33,33; 25,00; 22,91; e 23,43%, respectivamente com AIB 1.000, 2.000 mg L-1 e ANA 1.000 e 2.000 mg L-1. No verão, outono, inverno e primavera de 2005 os experimentos foram conduzidos com AIB, ANA e AIA nas concentrações de 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 mg L-1, sendo as avaliações realizadas aos 120 dias. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento, igual a 19,17%, foi obtida com AIB 3.000 mg L-1. Na primavera de 2006 foram testadas as doses iguais a 1.000, 2.000, 3.000, 4.000 e 5.000 mg L-1 de AIB e 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 mg L-1 de ANA. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento, 41,67%, foi obtida com a utilização de 5.000 mg L-1 de AIB.

Florística e estrutura da comunidade arbórea de uma floresta estacional semidecidual secundária em Viçosa, MG

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a composição florística e a estrutura da comunidade arbórea, bem como a distribuição das espécies em diferentes grupos ecológicos e os solos dos estádios inicial e avançado, de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual localizada no campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, MG (20°46' S e 42°52' W). O levantamento foi realizado em meio hectare, onde foram alocadas 10 parcelas de 25 x 10 m em cada trecho, sendo amostrados todos os indivíduos com circunferência do tronco a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) > 15 cm. Registraram-se 820 indivíduos, sendo 440 no trecho de floresta inicial e 380 no de floresta avançada. No levantamento florístico da floresta inicial foram amostradas 76 espécies, pertencentes a 28 famílias, destacando-se como as de maior número de indivíduos Fabaceae (137), Urticaceae (45) e Sapindaceae (41) e, as com os maiores valores de importância, Cecropia glaziovii Snethl., Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speng., Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) Macbr., Allophylus sericeus Radlk., Siparuna guianensis Aubl. e Maclura tinctoria (L.) Don ex Steud. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,57 nat.ind.-1 e a equabilidade (J'), de 0,82. Já na floresta avançada foram amostradas 59 espécies, distribuídas em 26 famílias, das quais Fabaceae (103), Meliaceae (49) e Flacourtiaceae (34) sobressaíram com maior número de indivíduos. Por sua vez, as espécies com os maiores valores de importância foram A. peregrina, Trichilia pallida Swartz, Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze., P. gonoacantha, Rollinia silvatica Mart. e S. guianensi. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,49 nat.ind.-1 e a equabilidade (J'), de 0,85. No contínuo, o índice de Shannon (H') e a equabilidade (J') foram de 3,82 nat.ind.-1 e 0,84, respectivamente. Cada floresta apresentou distinta identidade florística e estrutural, tendendo a ser minimizada com o avanço da sucessão.

Enraizamento de estacas de Trichilia catigua A. Juss (catigua) em diferentes estações do ano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Phenology, sex ratio, and spatial distribution among dioecious species of Trichilia (Meliaceae)

The flowering, sex ratio, and spatial distribution of four dioecious species of Trichilia (Meliaceae) were studied in a semi-deciduous forest in southeastern Brazil. All reproductive trees (T. clausseni, T. pallida and T. catigua) with dbh greater than or equal to5 cm within a 1-ha plot were collected, sexed, mapped and, for individuals of each species, the distances to the nearest neighbour of the same and opposite sex were measured. For the shrub species T elegans (dbh <5 cm), all reproductive individuals were sampled randomly in 10 samples of 10 x 10 m. The reproductive phenology was observed at weekly to monthly intervals from May 1988 to January 1990. The species are strictly dioecious, did not present any sex-mixed trees or sex switching during the study, and sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1. The size distributions and the relative size variation were not significantly different. between sexes. There was no significant segregation or clumping between individuals of either sex and no fruit production without pollination. Onset of flowering and flowering peak were synchronous between male and female plants for all species studied. Flower synchrony was related to outcrossing and pollinator attraction rather than climatic factors.

Limonoids showing selective toxicity to DNA repair-deficient yeast and other constituents of Trichilia emetica

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the MeCOEt extract of Trichilia emetica (Meliaceae) resulted in the isolation of the limonoids nymania 1 (1), drageana 4 (3), trichilin A (4), rohituka 3 (5),and Tr-B (7) and the novel seco-A protolimonoid 8. of these, nymania 1 and Tr-B showed selective inhibitory activity toward DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants. The isolation, structure elucidation, C-13 NMR spectral assignments, and biological activities of:these compounds are reported.

Geographic distribution and associated environments characterization of trichilia catigua A. Juss - Meliaceae in Santa Catarina State - Brazil

A survey was conducted aiming to recognize and characterize the environments of occurrence of Trichilia species and their geographic distribuition, particulary T. catigua A. Juss, in Santa Catarina State. These informations will support a domestication strategy for agricultural production of this spcies. This species is widely used by traditional communities as dye and tonic beverage, as well as digestive and purgative. Some pharmaceutical and beverage industries in Brasil use bark of this species to prepare a tonic drink. There are several common names reffering the species and this situation can promove mistakes in collecting and selling processes. Termperature, soil, vegetational types and edaphoclimatic aspects have great influence on the occurrence of this species. Plant collection strategu was based on herbaria data and field verification. The vouchers were deposited at the Federal University of Parana herbarium (UPCB). The collection sites were geographically located, by latitude and longitude and these data were crossed with climate, soil, temperature, rainfall, altitude and vegetation maps. Catuaba occurs predominantly on a stational semidecidual forest and also on transitional forest with Araucaria and part of Atlantic forest. It is found growing in lower canopy, with fertile soils, and high content of organic matter. The main geomorphological formation are basaltic and the soil types vary from dark red latossol to yellow red latossol, including structured red latossl and cambissol from basaltic and granitic origin.

Geographical distribution and associated environments characterisation of catuba (Trichilia catigua A. Juss. - Meliaceae) in Paraná State - Brazil

Trichilia catigua A. Juss. - Meliaceae has been traditionally used as a tonic and digestive medicine. Some Brazilian pharmaceutical firms use this species to produce phytopharmaceuticals and alcoholic beverages. The aim of this work is to determine its geographical distribution and characterise the environments where catuaba is found in the state of Paraná, in order to support the domestication strategy for the agricultural production of this species. Based on the literature, botanical collections and field observations it was established, that five species of the genus occurring in Paraná, which were identified as T casaretti, T catigua, T claussenii, T elegans, T pallida and another supposed to be T pattens. Trichilia catigua occurs within a wide but defined strip in the state. By evaluating data of climate; soil types; natural vegetation formations; mean, maximum and minimum temperatures; relative humidity; rainfall; altitudes and evapotranspiration the strip may be localised above latitude 25° in the central and Eastern regions of the state and above latitude 26° in South-western Parana. In general, T catigua was found to occur on fertile, organic-matter-rich soils and predominantly under forest canopies.

Estrutura genética de populações de Trichilia pallida Swartz (Meliaceae) por marcadores RAPD

Trichilia pallida Swartz is an Atlantic Forest shady climax tree of Meliaceae family that presents insecticide properties against chewing insects like as some family trees, making it interesting for forestry uses. Forty plants of Oito Pontas Farm population were collected in Bofete County, Santa Genebra Ecological Station in Campinas County, and Caetetus Ecological Station in Gélia County, all in the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Leaf DNA analysis was used by RAPD method, that showed 10 highly polymorphic primers, with 72 dominant markers, used to estimate genetic diversity within and among populations. The polymorphism within populations varied from 90.3 to 97.2%, and the effective allele number varied from 1.46 ± 0.33 to 1.57 ± 0.33, while the average of genetic differentiation of populations varied from 0.27 ± 0.18 to 0, 33 ± 0.15. The gene diversity in the total population (H T) was 0.334 ± 0.02, while the average gene diversity within populations (H s) was 0.292 ± 0.017, and the coefficient of gene differentiation (G ST) was 0.125, Bofete and Campinas populations had the smallest Nei's genetic distance (0.049) and the distances of both with Gália were 0.117 and 0.107, respectively.

Avaliação da atividade de Aretmisia annua L., Melia azedarach L. e Trichilia claussenii C. sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cinchonaínas - método cromatográfico e produção de padrões para contrôle de qualidade de extratos polares de catuaba (Trichilia catigua Adr. Juss.)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Propagação da espécie Trichilia catigua A. Juss (Catiguá)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)