Cephalometric effects of the use of 10-hour Force Theory for Class II treatment

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric effects promoted by the orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion patients with the use of the 10-Hour Force Theory, that consists in the use of fixed appliances with 8 hours a day using a cervical headgear appliance and 16 hours a day using Class II elastics, 8 hours on the first mandibular molar and 8 hours in the second mandibular molar. METHODS: Sample comprised 31 patients with mean initial age of 14.90 years, final mean age of 17.25 years and mean treatment time of 2.35 years. The lateral cephalograms in pre-treatment and post-treatment stages were evaluated. Evaluation of cephalometric changes between initial and final treatment phases was performed by paired t test. RESULTS: The cases treated with the 10-Hour Force Theory presented a slight restriction of anterior displacement of the maxilla, increase in the effective length of the mandible, significant improvement of the maxillomandibular relationship, significant increase in anterior lower face height, distal tipping of the maxillary premolar crowns, extrusion and distal tipping of the roots of maxillary molars, significant proclination and protrusion of mandibular incisors, significant extrusion and mesialization of mandibular molars, besides a significant correction of the molar relationship, overjet and overbite. CONCLUSION: The use of the 10-Hour Force Theory in treatment of Class II malocclusion provided satisfactory results.

Definition of treatment goals for moderate to severe psoriasis: a European consensus

Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are undertreated. To solve this persistent problem, the consensus programme was performed to define goals for treatment of plaque psoriasis with systemic therapy and to improve patient care. An expert consensus meeting and a collaborative Delphi procedure were carried out. Nineteen dermatologists from different European countries met for a face-to-face discussion and defined items through a four-round Delphi process. Severity of plaque psoriasis was graded into mild and moderate to severe disease. Mild disease was defined as body surface area (BSA) ≤10 and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) ≤10 and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) ≤10 and moderate to severe psoriasis as (BSA > 10 or PASI > 10) and DLQI > 10. Special clinical situations may change mild psoriasis to moderate to severe including involvement of visible areas or severe nail involvement. For systemic therapy of plaque psoriasis two treatment phases were defined: (1) induction phase as the treatment period until week 16; however, depending on the type of drug and dose regimen used, this phase may be extended until week 24 and (2) maintenance phase for all drugs was defined as the treatment period after the induction phase. For the definition of treatment goals in plaque psoriasis, the change of PASI from baseline until the time of evaluation (ΔPASI) and the absolute DLQI were used. After induction and during maintenance therapy, treatment can be continued if reduction in PASI is ≥75%. The treatment regimen should be modified if improvement of PASI is <50%. In a situation where the therapeutic response improved ≥50% but <75%, as assessed by PASI, therapy should be modified if the DLQI is >5 but can be continued if the DLQI is ≤5. This programme defines the severity of plaque psoriasis for the first time using a formal consensus of 19 European experts. In addition, treatment goals for moderate to severe disease were established. Implementation of treatment goals in the daily management of psoriasis will improve patient care and mitigate the problem of undertreatment. It is planned to evaluate the implementation of these treatment goals in a subsequent programme involving patients and physicians.

Dose–effect relationship in routine outpatient psychotherapy: Does treatment duration matter?

Objective: There is an ongoing debate concerning how outcome variables change during the course of psychotherapy. We compared the dose–effect model, which posits diminishing effects of additional sessions in later treatment phases, against a model that assumes a linear and steady treatment progress through termination. Method: Session-by-session outcome data of 6,375 outpatients were analyzed, and participants were categorized according to treatment length. Linear and log-linear (i.e., negatively accelerating) latent growth curve models (LGCMs) were estimated and compared for different treatment length categories. Results: When comparing the fit of the various models, the log-linear LGCMs assuming negatively accelerating treatment progress consistently outperformed the linear models irre- spective of treatment duration. The rate of change was found to be inversely related to the length of treatment. Conclusion: As proposed by the dose–effect model, the expected course of improvement in psychotherapy appears to follow a negatively accelerated pattern of change, irrespective of the duration of the treatment. However, our results also suggest that the rate of change is not constant across various treatment lengths. As proposed by the “good enough level” model, longer treatments are associated with less rapid rates of change.

Gossypol-induced hypokalemia and role of exogenous potassium salt supplementation when used as an antispermatogenic agent in male langur monkey

In our earlier study, we have observed that hypokalemia in langur monkeys, following gossypol acetic acid (GAA) treatment (5 mg dose level) when used as an antispermatogenic agent, and potassium salt supplementation partially maintained body potassium level of the animals. The aims of the present investigation was to confirm further occurrence of hypokalemia in the monkey (comparatively at two higher dose levels) and the role of potassium salt in preventing occurrence of gossypol-induced hypokalemia. Highly purified gossypol acetic acid alone at two dose levels (7.5 and 10 mg/animal/day; oral) and in combination with potassium chloride (0.50 and 0.75 mg/animal/day; oral) was given for 180 days. Treatment with gossypol alone as well as with the supplementation of potassium salt resulted in severe oligospermia and azoospermia. Animals receiving gossypol alone showed significant potassium deficiency with signs of fatigue at both dose levels. Enhanced potassium loss through urine was found in potassium-deficient animals, whereas animals receiving gossypol acetic acid plus potassium salt showed normal serum potassium with a less significant increase in urine potassium level during treatment phases. Other parameters of the body remained within normal range except gradual and significant elevation in serum transaminases activity. The animals gradually returned to normalcy following 150 and 180 days of termination of the treatment.

A influência do tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico sobre o perfil lipídico e células sangüíneas de pacientes portadores de periodontite crônica generalizada

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico exercia alguma influência sobre o perfil lipídico, os elementos celulares das séries banca e vermelha do sangue, plaquetas e VHS de pacientes portadores de periodontite crônica generalizada. Dezoito pacientes, com média de idade de 50,6 anos ( 7,6), foram submetidos, previamente ao tratamento periodontal e 30 dias após o mesmo, à coleta de 10ml de sangue periférico, através do qual foram analisados o perfil lipídico, os elementos celulares das séries branca e vermelha, o número de plaquetas e VHS. Destes 18 pacientes, 7, com média de idade de 47,4 anos ( 5,9) também foram reavaliados 90 dias após o término do tratamento. Os parâmetros clínicos utilizados, previamente ao tratamento e nas reavaliações, foram o Índice de Placa (IP), de Silness e Löe (1964), o Índice Gengival (IG), de Löe (1967), Sangramento na Sondagem (SS), Profundidade de Bolsa à Sondagem (PBS) e Nível de Inserção (NI). Foram ainda registrados e classificados os sítios com envolvimento de furca. O tratamento periodontal consistiu de terapia básica não cirúrgica. Após 30 dias do término do tratamento periodontal todos os pacientes foram reavaliados sendo verificada melhora significativa (P<0,05) dos valores de IP, IG, SS e PBS e de NI ≥ 6mm (P=0,05). Sítios com envolvimento de furca classes II e III apresentaram também diminuição significativa (P=0,01). Os 7 pacientes submetidos às reavaliações de 30 e 90 dias pós-tratamento também mostraram melhora significativa (P<0,05) dos valores de IP, IG, SS e PBS entre estas fases. Já o NI entre 4-5mm aumentou de forma significativa (P=0,04) entre o pré-tratamento e 90 dias após o mesmo, enquanto que o NI ≥ 6mm diminui significativamente entre as reavaliações de 30 e 90 dias (P=0,01 e P=0,02, respectivamente). Quando comparados os valores de 30 com os de 90 dias resultados semelhantes aos supracitados foram observados, inclusive o aumento do NI entre 4-5mm (P=0,02). É verificado também entre estas fases um IG aumentado (P=0,07). Quanto aos valores hematológicos ocorreu uma diminuição significativa dos níveis de bastões (P=0,05) e de monócitos (P=0,03) após o tratamento periodontal (30 dias), enquanto que o colesterol total e o LDL apresentaram uma tendência ao aumento (P=0,09 para ambos). Já nos sete pacientes submetidos às duas reavaliações o colesterol total apresentou aumento significativo entre as fases pré-tratamento, 30 (P=0,04) e 90 dias (P=0,02) após terapia, assim como o LDL (P=0,04 e P=0,03, respectivamente). Quando comparados os valores plaquetários entre as fases 30 e 90 dias pós-tratamento, verifica-se uma tendência a sua diminuição (P=0,09). O Índice de Castelli II (relação colesterol/HDL) apresenta entre as fases pré e 30 dias pós-tratamento tendência a aumento (P=0,09). Através desses resultados é possível concluir que o tratamento periodontal exerceu influência sobre bastões e monócitos do sangue, caracterizada pela diminuição dessas células, e sobre o colesterol total e o LDL, representada pelo aumento de seus valores.

Impacto das etapas do tratamento orto-cirúrgico na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de deformidades dentofaciais

Pacientes portadores de deformidades dentofaciais podem relatar dificuldades de mastigação e fala, desordens temporomandibulares, preocupação com a imagem corporal e baixa autoestima. Frequentemente, buscam tratamento orto-cirúrgico pela motivação de obter melhora notável nos aspectos estético, funcional e psicossocial. A evidência atualmente disponível sobre os benefícios na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal desta modalidade terapêutica ainda não é conclusiva, devido à diversidade de metodologias adotadas entre os estudos existentes, majoritariamente realizados na América do Norte, Europa, Oriente Médio e Ásia. Logo, é essencial utilizar instrumentos específicos para avaliar os efeitos desta modalidade de tratamento também na vida diária dos pacientes brasileiros. O propósito do presente estudo transversal foi determinar o impacto que o tratamento orto-cirúrgico exerce sobre a percepção de qualidade de vida dos pacientes portadores de deformidades dentofaciais, bem como a influência exercida pelo gênero, idade, renda, escolaridade e características da má oclusão, nas quatro etapas inerentes a esta modalidade de tratamento: (1) Inicial; (2) Preparo ortodôntico para a cirurgia; (3) Pós-cirúrgico; e (4) Contenção (pós-tratamento). Duzentos e cinquenta e quatro pacientes foram entrevistados em três importantes centros de atendimento na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelos questionários OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile - Short Version) e pelo OQLQ (Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire) em suas versões traduzidas e validadas para o português. A gravidade da má oclusão e autopercepção estética foram avaliadas com base no Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN) e pelo Índice de Estética Dental (DAI). A análise dos dados foi efetuada pelos testes qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis e modelos de regressão binomial negativa múltipla. Os pacientes dos quatro grupos foram semelhantes em relação ao gênero (p = 0,463), escolaridade (p = 0,276) e renda familiar (p = 0,100). Entre os entrevistados houve o predomínio de mulheres, com ensino médio completo e renda familiar entre 2 e 3 salários mínimos, portadores de má oclusão de Classe III de Angle grave. No modelo de regressão binomial negativa ajustado para os fatores gênero, idade, renda familiar e escolaridade, a qualidade de vida aferida pelo OHIP-14 demonstrou que o grupo Inicial sofreu impactos mais negativos do que os grupos Pós-cirúrgico, Preparo e Contenção; o OQLQ indicou que o grupo Inicial sofreu impactos mais negativos do que os grupos Preparo, Pós-cirúrgico e Contenção, nesta sequência. Não foi detectada influência da idade, renda e escolaridade nestes resultados. Foi observado que o gênero feminino sofreu mais impacto negativo na qualidade de vida, principalmente nas dimensões relativas à função e a aspectos sociais. Concluiu-se que os pacientes que finalizaram o tratamento orto-cirúrgico apresentaram como benefícios menores impactos na qualidade de vida específica e relacionada à saúde bucal, melhor autopercepção estética e menor gravidade da má oclusão, em comparação aos pacientes nas etapas pré e pós-cirúrgica e aos pacientes portadores de deformidades dentofaciais em busca de tratamento.

A double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial of glutamine supplementation in home parenteral nutrition

Objective: Studies suggest clinical benefit of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. The aim was to determine if the inclusion of 10 g of glutamine as part of the nitrogen source of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) reduces infectious complications. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-five patients on HPN were recruited and 22 completed the study. Patients were randomized to receive either standard HPN or glutamine-supplemented HPN. Patients were assessed at randomization, 3 and 6 months later then they were crossed over to the alternative HPN and reassessed at 3 and 6 months. Assessments included plasma amino acid concentrations, intestinal permeability and absorption, nutritional status, oral and parenteral intake, quality of life, routine biochemistry and haematology. Results: No difference was seen between the groups at randomization. No difference was detected between the treatment phases for infective complications (55% in the standard treatment phase and 36% in the glutamine-supplemented phase P 0.67). There were no differences in nutritional status, intestinal permeability, plasma glutamine concentrations or quality of life. Conclusion: Although limited by the sample size, the study has shown that glutamine as part of the nitrogen source of parenteral nutrition can be given to patients on HPN for 6 months without any adverse effects.

Effect of low-fluoride dentifrices supplemented with calcium glycerophosphate on enamel demineralization in situ

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O momento oportuno para a abordagem ortodontica no tratamento da classe II

Because it still brings polemic among the professionals, it was mention once more, in this literature review, the theme that aims to define the appropriate timing to approach the bad occlusions of Class II, and also when it would the right opportunity to treat them, in way that would convey to the patient consistent, stable results in a long term. These are important aspects to be taken into consideration by orthodontists, either by those who defend the early treatment or by those who defend the late treatment. Therefore, the present study aims to aid the clarification of daily doubts regarding this aspect.

[The abdominal catastrophe]

Patients with an abdominal catastrophe are in urgent need of early, interdisciplinary medical help. The treatment plan should be based on medical priorities and clear leadership. First priority should be given to achieve optimal oxygenation of blood and stabilization of circulation during all treatment-phases. The sicker the patient, the less invasive the (surgical) treatment should to be, which means "damage control only". This short article describes 7 important, pragmatic rules that will help to increase the survival of a patient with an abdominal catastrophe. Preexisting morbidity and risk factors must be included in the overall risk-evaluation for every therapeutic intervention. The challenge in patients with an abdominal catastrophe is to carefully balance the therapeutic stress and the existing resistance of the individual patient. The best way to avoid abdominal disaster, however, is its prevention.

Individual versus standard quality of life assessment in a phase II clinical trial in mesothelioma patients: feasibility and responsiveness to clinical changes

In patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma undergoing a multimodality therapy, treatment toxicity may outweigh the benefit of progression-free survival. The subjective experience across different treatment phases is an important clinical outcome. This study compares a standard with an individual quality of life (QoL) measure used in a multi-center phase II trial.

Ribavirin Concentrations Do Not Predict Sustained Virological Response in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients Treated with Ribavirin and Pegylated Interferon in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Ribavirin (RBV) is an essential component of most current hepatitis C (HCV) treatment regimens and still standard of care in the combination with pegylated interferon (pegIFN) to treat chronic HCV in resource limited settings. Study results in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients are contradicting as to whether RBV concentration correlates with sustained virological response (SVR). METHODS We included 262 HCV treatment naïve HIV/HCV-coinfected Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) participants treated with RBV and pegIFN between 01.01.2001-01.01.2010, 134 with HCV genotype (GT) 1/4, and 128 with GT 2/3 infections. RBV levels were measured retrospectively in stored plasma samples obtained between HCV treatment week 4 and end of therapy. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between RBV concentration and SVR in GT 1/4 and GT 2/3 infections. The analyses were repeated stratified by treatment phase (week 4-12, 13-24, >24) and IL28B genotype (CC versus CT/TT). RESULTS SVR rates were 35.1% in GT 1/4 and 70.3% in GT 2/3 infections. Overall, median RBV concentration was 2.0 mg/L in GT 1/4, and 1.9 mg/L in GT 2/3, and did not change significantly across treatment phases. Patients with SVR had similar RBV concentrations compared to patients without SVR in both HCV genotype groups. SVR was not associated with RBV levels ≥2.0 mg/L (GT 1/4, OR 1.19 [0.5-2.86]; GT 2/3, 1.94 [0.78-4.80]) and ≥2.5 mg/L (GT 1/4, 1.56 [0.64-3.84]; GT 2/3 2.72 [0.85-8.73]), regardless of treatment phase, and IL28B genotype. CONCLUSION In HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with pegIFN/RBV, therapeutic drug monitoring of RBV concentrations does not enhance the chance of HCV cure, regardless of HCV genotype, treatment phase and IL28B genotype.

AVALIAÇÃO DAS ALTERAÇÕES FACIAIS DECORRENTES DA EXPANSÃO RÁPIDA DA MAXILA ASSISTIDA CIRURGICAMENTE

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as alterações faciais decorrentes da Expansão Rápida da Maxila Assistida Cirurgicamente (ERM-AC). A amostra foi composta por 15 pacientes com idade média de 24 anos e 1 mês, sendo 10 do sexo feminino e 5 do sexo masculino, que apresentavam deficiência transversal da maxila, não tinham sido submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico prévio, apresentavam ficha clínica completa e fotografias em norma frontal nas fases pré-tratamento (T1) e 6 meses após a ERM-AC (T2). Mediadas lineares foram obtidas a partir da marcação de pontos de referência em folhas de acetato fixadas sobre as fotografias, para evitar a necessidade de execução de desenho anatômico. Concluiu-se que a padronização de fotografias em todos os tempos da pesquisa é de fundamental importância para que as medidas avaliadas sejam confiáveis. Quando comparados T1 com T2 por meio do teste t de Student não se verificou alteração estatisticamente significante na: largura intercantal (Ind Ine), altura facial média (N - SN), largura do olho direito (Exd Ind), largura do olho esquerdo (Exe Ine), altura facial (N - Me ), largura facial superior (Zid - Zie ), largura da boca (Cbd Cbe) e altura da boca (Ls Li). As medidas altura facial inferior (Sn - Me ) e a largura do nariz (Ald Ale) apresentaram alteração estatisticamente significante após a ERM-AC.

AVALIAÇÃO DAS ALTERAÇÕES FACIAIS DECORRENTES DA EXPANSÃO RÁPIDA DA MAXILA ASSISTIDA CIRURGICAMENTE

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as alterações faciais decorrentes da Expansão Rápida da Maxila Assistida Cirurgicamente (ERM-AC). A amostra foi composta por 15 pacientes com idade média de 24 anos e 1 mês, sendo 10 do sexo feminino e 5 do sexo masculino, que apresentavam deficiência transversal da maxila, não tinham sido submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico prévio, apresentavam ficha clínica completa e fotografias em norma frontal nas fases pré-tratamento (T1) e 6 meses após a ERM-AC (T2). Mediadas lineares foram obtidas a partir da marcação de pontos de referência em folhas de acetato fixadas sobre as fotografias, para evitar a necessidade de execução de desenho anatômico. Concluiu-se que a padronização de fotografias em todos os tempos da pesquisa é de fundamental importância para que as medidas avaliadas sejam confiáveis. Quando comparados T1 com T2 por meio do teste t de Student não se verificou alteração estatisticamente significante na: largura intercantal (Ind Ine), altura facial média (N - SN), largura do olho direito (Exd Ind), largura do olho esquerdo (Exe Ine), altura facial (N - Me ), largura facial superior (Zid - Zie ), largura da boca (Cbd Cbe) e altura da boca (Ls Li). As medidas altura facial inferior (Sn - Me ) e a largura do nariz (Ald Ale) apresentaram alteração estatisticamente significante após a ERM-AC.

Regional Anesthesia in TraumaMedicine

Regional anesthesia is an established method to provide analgesia for patients in the operating room and during the postoperative phase. While regional anesthesia offers unique advantages, as shown by the recent military experience, it is not commonly utilized in the prehospital or emergency department setting. Most often, regional anesthesia techniques for traumatized patients are first utilized in the operating room for procedural anesthesia or for postoperative pain control. While infiltration or single nerve block procedures are often used by surgeons or emergency medicine physicians in the preoperative phase, more advanced techniques such as plexus block procedures or regional catheter placements are more commonly performed by anesthesiologists for surgery or postoperative pain control. These regional techniques offer advantages over intravenous anesthesia, not just in the perioperative phase but also in the acute phase of traumatized patients and during the initial transport of injured patients. Anesthesiologists have extensive experience with regional techniques and are able to introduce regional anesthesia into settings outside the operating room and in the early treatment phases of trauma patients.