Complete nucleotide sequence of pVQS1 containing a quinolone resistance determinant from Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow associated with foreign travel

Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Kentucky (n5) and Virchow (n6) cultured from individuals were investigated for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants.

PMQR markers and mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the target genes were investigated by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Conjugation, plasmid profiling and targeted PCR were performed to demonstrate the transferability of the qnrS1 gene. Subsequently, a plasmid was identified that carried a quinolone resistance marker and this was completely sequenced.

A Salmonella Virchow isolate carried a qnrS1 gene associated with an IncN incompatibility group conjugative plasmid of 40995 bp, which was designated pVQS1. The latter conferred resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid and showed sequence similarity in its core region to plasmid R46, whilst the resistance-encoding region was similar to pAH0376 from Shigella flexneri and pINF5 from Salmonella Infantis and contained an IS26 remnant, a complete Tn3 structure, a truncated IS2 element and a qnrS1 marker, followed by IS26. In contrast to pINF5, IS26 was identified immediately downstream of the qnrS1 gene.

This is the first known report of a qnrS1 gene in Salmonella spp. in Switzerland. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the qnrS1-containing plasmid showed a novel arrangement of this antibiotic resistance-encoding region.

A practitioner's report on the interactive effects of socio-demographic barriers to travel

Researchers have viewed constraints as a subset of reasons for not engaging in a particular behavior. This study investigates the impact of two-way interactions between age, income, and life stage (forming groups of more and less constrained respondents) on dependent variables comprising intentions held by Australian residents to travel intrastate, interstate or overseas for a vacation. A representative sample of 49,105 Australian respondents is utilized. Binary logistic regression is used to profile respondents who intend to take a domestic or an overseas holiday of more than three days duration. This paper finds that the interactions between the constraint variables of age, income and life stage are important in explaining travel preferences. Constraint groups are then formed by combining the important constraint variables. There are significant levels of vacation travel by even the most constrained groups as well as significant amounts of non-travel by the least constrained sectors of our society. Marketing insights and recommendations are provided for the most constrained travel group and the least constrained travel group.

Making decisions with the future in mind: Developmental and comparative identification of mental time travel

Mechanisms that produce behavior which increase future survival chances provide an adaptive advantage. The flexibility of human behavior is at least partly the result of one such mechanism, our ability to travel mentally in time and entertain potential future scenarios. We can study mental time travel in children using language. Current results suggest that key developments occur between the ages of three to five. However, linguistic performance can be misleading as language itself is developing. We therefore advocate the use of methodologies that focus on future-oriented action. Mental time travel required profound changes in humans' motivational system, so that current behavior could be directed to secure not just present, but individually anticipated future needs. Such behavior should be distinguishable from behavior based on current drives, or on other mechanisms. We propose an experimental paradigm that provides subjects with an opportunity to act now to satisfy a need not currently experienced. This approach may be used to assess mental time travel in nonhuman animals. We conclude by describing a preliminary study employing an adaptation of this paradigm for children. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multidimensional analysis of perceived risk in commercial air travel

This study attempts to assess the role of perceived risk in air passenger behaviour. A survey of 889 respondents is used to investigate a multidimensional concept of perceived risk and to analyse the differences between socio-demographic characteristics regarding passengers' risk assessment. The results indicate that financial risk and temporal risk are the most important in the context of commercial air travel. All perceived risk dimensions differ according gender, age, cultural background, income, previous experience, and reason for travelling. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Joseph Mathia Svoboda Tigris River Journal; Diary 48 August 1898-February 1899 (HTML)

Joseph Mathia Svoboda's 19th century journal of commercial voyages, travel, and domestic life on the Tigris River from August 1898-February 1899. Diary 48, HTML Version. jms_048_08_1898_030_htm.html

Joseph Mathia Svoboda Tigris River Journal; Diary 48 August 1898-February 1899 (PDF)

Joseph Mathia Svoboda's 19th century journal of commercial voyages, travel, and domestic life on the Tigris River from August 1898-February 1899. Diary 48, PDF Version. jms_048_08_1898_060_pdf.pdf

Joseph Mathia Svoboda Tigris River Journal; Diary 49 February 1899-October 1899 (PDF)

Joseph Mathia Svoboda's 19th century journal of commercial voyages, travel, and domestic life on the Tigris River from February 1899 to October 1899. Diary 49, PDF Version. jms_049_02_1899_060_pdf.pdf

Joseph Mathia Svoboda Tigris River Journal; Diary 47 November 1897-August 1898 (HTML)

Joseph Mathia Svoboda's 19th century journal of commercial voyages, travel, and domestic life on the Tigris River from November 1897 to August 1898. Diary 78, HTML Version. jms_047_11_1897_030_htm.html

National self-sufficiency in reproductive resources: an innovative response to transnational reproductive travel

Transnational reproductive travel is symptomatic of insufficient supplies ofreproductive resources, including donor gametes and gestational surrogacy services,and inequities in access to these within domestic health-care jurisdictions.Here, we argue that an innovative approach to domestic policy makingusing the framework of the National Self-Sufficiency paradigm represents thebest solution to domestic challenges and the ethical hazards of the global marketplacein reproductive resources.

PDF Language of the Journal

On the 15th of April, 1897, a 19 year-old European resident of Baghdad, named Alexander Richard Svoboda, set out on a long journey to Europe by caravan, boat and train. From a large and influential family of merchants, artists, and explorers settled in Ottoman Iraq since the end of the 18th century, Alexander traveled in the company of his parents and a departing British diplomat accompanied by his retinue. They followed a circuitous route through the Middle East to Cairo and thence to Europe on a three and a half month journey which Alexander described day-by-day in a journal written in the Iraqi Arabic of his time.

DOC X Language Of the Journal

On the 15th of April, 1897, a 19 year-old European resident of Baghdad, named Alexander Richard Svoboda, set out on a long journey to Europe by caravan, boat and train. From a large and influential family of merchants, artists, and explorers settled in Ottoman Iraq since the end of the 18th century, Alexander traveled in the company of his parents and a departing British diplomat accompanied by his retinue. They followed a circuitous route through the Middle East to Cairo and thence to Europe on a three and a half month journey which Alexander described day-by-day in a journal written in the Iraqi Arabic of his time.

From Baghdad to Paris: 1897; Journal of a Journey to Europe by Land via Damascus and Beirut. PDF Book- March 4, 2013

Alexander Svoboda travel journal- the full version of the book in PDF form, including both Arabic text and English translation.