O estudo da aplicação de acabamentos funcionais de barreira UV em fibras previamente ativadas por plasma

Tese de Doutoramento Engenharia Têxtil

Acabamentos funcionais têxteis aplicados por estamparia digital em substratos têxteis ativados por plasma

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Têxtil

Efeitos da atorvastatina e do polimorfismo T-786C do gene eNOS sobre parâmetros do metabolismo lipídico plasmático

FUNDAMENTO: A atividade do óxido nítrico sintase endotelial (eNOS) pode ser modulada pelo colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C), estatinas ou polimorfismos, como o T-786C de eNOS. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se o polimorfismo T-786C está associado a alterações nos efeitos da atorvastatina no perfil lipídico, nas concentrações de metabólitos de óxido nítrico (NO) e da proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as). MÉTODOS: Trinta voluntários do sexo masculino, assintomáticos, com idade entre 18-56 anos foram genotipados e classificados de acordo com a ausência (TT, n = 15) ou presença (CC, n = 15) do polimorfismo. Eles foram selecionados aleatoriamente para a utilização de placebo e atorvastatina (10 mg/dia por 14 dias). Após cada tratamento foram medidos lípides, lipoproteínas, frações HDL2 e HDL3, atividade da proteína de transferência de colesteril éster (CETP), metabólitos de NO e PCR-as. RESULTADOS: As comparações entre genótipos após a administração de placebo mostraram aumento da atividade da CETP polimorfismo-dependente (TT, 12 ± 7; CC, 22 ± 12, p < 0,05). As análises da interação entre os tratamentos indicaram que a atorvastatina tem efeito sobre colesterol, LDL, nitrito e razões lípides/proteínas (HDL2 e HDL3) (p < 0,001) em ambos os genótipos. É interessante notar as interações genótipo/droga sobre a CETP (p < 0,07) e a lipoproteína (a) [Lp(a)] (p < 0,056), levando a uma diminuição limítrofe da CETP, embora sem afetar a Lp(a). A PRC-as não mostrou alterações. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com estatinas pode ser relevante para a prevenção primária da aterosclerose em pacientes com o polimorfismo T-786C do eNOS, considerando os efeitos no metabolismo lipídico.

Perfil plasmático da ICAM-1 e da VCAM-1 no pós-operatório cardíaco de lactentes submetidos à circulação extracorpórea

Introdução – Grande parte da população de crianças portadoras de defeitos cardíacos congênitos torna-se criticamente doente durante o primeiro ano de vida e necessita tratamento cirúrgico. No entanto, durante cirurgias cardíacas, ocorre uma resposta inflamatória intensa desencadeada pelo período de circulação extracorpórea (CEC), o que provoca disfunção de órgãos e tecidos. Os neutrófilos assumem um papel importante e complexo neste período, envolvendo a ligação às células endoteliais, ativação e liberação de mediadores inflamatórios. Esse processo é iniciado e mantido através de moléculas de adesão específicas, como a molécula de adesão intercelular-1 (ICAM-1) e a molécula de adesão celular-vascular-1 (VCAM-1). Formas solúveis destas moléculas apresentam variações de seus níveis durante cirurgias cardíacas com uso de CEC. Há poucos dados na literatura relacionados ao comportamento destas moléculas após cirurgia cardíaca com uso de CEC em lactentes, estando seu significado no plasma ainda por ser decifrado. Objetivos – Mensurar os níveis plasmáticos das moléculas de adesão solúveis ICAM-1 e VCAM-1 em condições basais e após exposição ao circuito de CEC em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca para correção de defeitos cardíacos congênitos. Comparar os níveis plasmáticos destas moléculas entre pacientes acianóticos e cianóticos. Métodos – Foram estudados 21 lactentes, durante o período de junho de 1998 a março de 1999, submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com uso de CEC. Foram analisados os níveis plasmáticos da ICAM-1 e da VCAM-1 solúveis pelo método de ELISA, na indução anestésica, ao término da CEC e 8 e 26 horas após o término da CEC. Resultados – As patologias cardíacas congênitas mais comuns foram defeito do septo atrioventricular e tetralogia de Fallot. As médias de idade e de peso foram 6,6 meses e 5,8 Kg. As medianas dos tempos de CEC e de clampeamento de aorta foram, respectivamente, 87 e 53 minutos. Todos os lactentes utilizaram inotrópicos. As medianas dos tempos de intubação e de internação foram 72 horas e 21 dias. A taxa de mortalidade dos pacientes foi de 9,5%. Os níveis basais da ICAM-1 e da VCAM-1 foram significativamente mais elevados do que aqueles considerados normais (P<0,0001). Os níveis da ICAM-1 diminuíram significaticamente ao término da CEC (P<0,001), voltando a aumentar significativamente 8 horas após o término deste período (P<0,005), sem no entanto, alcançar os valores basais 26 horas depois. A VCAM-1 apresentou comportamento semelhante. No entanto, 26 horas após CEC houve diminuição significativa de seus níveis em relação ao valor identificado 8 horas após tal período (P<0,005). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto aos valores das moléculas entre pacientes acianóticos e cianóticos (P>0,1). Não houve associação entre os valores das moléculas e as variáveis perioperatórias e os desfechos clínicos. Conclusões – Os níveis plasmáticos das moléculas de adesão solúveis ICAM-1 e VCAM-1 são aumentados em lactentes com cardiopatias congênitas acianóticas e cianóticas no seu estado basal. Os níveis plasmáticos de ICAM-1 e VCAM-1 solúveis variam após exposição ao circuito de CEC em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca para correção de cardiopatias congênitas, apresentando um comportamento característico nestes pacientes. Não há diferenças no comportamento das moléculas entre pacientes acianóticos e cianóticos.

Efeito sacietogênico de um novo inibidor de tripsina da paçoca do amendoim com aumento plasmático de colecistocinina (cck)

Obesity is increasing, reaching epidemic levels in many regions of the world. Studies have shown that consumption of peanuts influences on weight control and this influence may be due to the action of trypsin inhibitors sacietogênica that condition increased plasma colescistocinina (CCK). Moreover, the peanut has other health benefits, and these assignments are guaranteed to increase their production and consumption of several of its products, including the paçoca peanut. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of a trypsin inhibitor in paçoca peanut and evaluate its effect on food intake, weight gain and histomorphological changes in swiss mice (n = 8) and Wistar rats (n = 6). Experimental diets were prepared based on the AIN-93G and supplemented with tack or peanut trypsin inhibitor partially purified paçoca peanut (AHTI). After each treatment, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, their bloods were collected by cardiac puncture for the determination of CCK and other biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and albumin) and their pancreas removed for histologic and morphometric analysis. The supplementation with paçoca peanut and the AHTI showed a decrease of body weight gain and food intake in both mice and rats, due to the satiety, since the animals showed no evidence of impairment of nutritional status conditioned by consumption the AHTI. There were also observed biochemical or morphological important when compared with controls. However, AHTI led to increased secretion of CCK, a peptide sacietogênico. Thus, these results indicate that AHTI present in paçoca peanut, is able to enhance the secretion of plasma CCK and thereby reduce the weight gain associated with lower food intake of experimenta animals

Avaliação do efeito do alho (Allium sativum L.) sobre o colesterol plasmático em coelhos com hipercolesterolemia induzida

The use of plants to treat diseases or even to cure them is a high diffused popular tradition, and several studies discuss the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of garlic in the reduction of hyperlipidaemias. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) to treat the serum cholesterol of rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided into G1 (control group) and G2 (group treated with garlic). The experiment was developed according to 3 phases: during the 1st phase, all animals were provided with a regular diet to evaluate the basal cholesterol; during the 2nd phase, all animals received a supplemented diet until the end of the experiment, in order to develop hypercholesterolemia and, in the 3rd phase, the animals on G2 received the garlic treatment. The cholesterol registered on the 1st phase was 39.94 ± 9.57 mg dL-1. On the 2nd phase, there was an increase on the serum cholesterol level in both groups - higher than 100 mg dL-1. Concerning the treatment, the garlic did not reduce the serum cholesterol in rabbits.

Avaliação dos efeitos do alho (Allium sativum L.) sobre o colesterol plasmático em coelhos com hipercolesterolemia induzida

The use of plants in treatments of diseases or even in the cure of them is a high difused popular tradition, and several works talk about the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of garlic in the reduction of hyperlipidaemias. The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of garlic (Allium sativum) aqueous extract treatment on the serum cholesterol of rabbits in experimental hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided in G1 (control group) and G2 (group with garlic treatment). The experiment was developed in 3 phases: during the 1st phase, all the animals received regular diet for evaluation of basal cholesterol; in the 2nd phase all the animals received supplemented diet until the end of the experiment, in order to develop hypercholesterolemia and in the 3rd phase, the animals of G2 received the garlic treatment. The cholesterol registered on the 1st phase was 39,94 ± 9,57mg/dL. On the 2nd phase, there was an increase on the serum cholesterol level in both groups – higher than 100mg/dL. Concerning the treatment, garlic didn’t reduce the serum cholesterol in rabbits

Avaliação dos efeitos do cogumelo do sol (Agaricus blazei) sobre o colesterol plasmático em coelhos com hipercolesterolemia induzida

Prophylactic or therapeutic treatments administered with medicinal plants and natural products are used in popular medicine of diverse people since prehistoric times to the present days. Species with medicinal properties are increasingly studied in an attempt to understand their possible effects on organisms and their functioning. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the mushroom Agaricus blazei (aqueous extract) in rabbits subjected to experimental hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided into two groups (control and treated with the mushroom) whose experimental protocol was divided into three phases: Phase 1, the animals were fed a normal diet to evaluate the physiological level of cholesterol; phase 2, the animals were fed a supplemented diet to induce hypercholesterolemia and in phase 3, the animals of control group continued to take high-cholesterol diet and the animals of treated group high-cholesterol diet including treatment with the mushroom. Weekly, after fasting of 14 hours, blood samples were collected from the animals and its plasma was stored for later measurement of plasmatic cholesterol. In the first phase, the cholesterol level was, on average, 31,30  7,34 mgdL-1. In the second phase, there was a significant increase (p<0,05) in cholesterol level of both groups. During the last phase of the experiment, the mushrooms didn’t cause reduction in plasmatic cholesterol of treated rabbits, however, prevent disease progression, maintaining the cholesterol level established at the beginning of treatment, whereas, in the control group, total serum cholesterol increased significantly at this stage

Perfil hemostático e hematológico de equinos com compactação de cólon maior submetidos ao tratamento medicamentoso

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Efeito sacietogênico de um novo inibidor de tripsina da paçoca do amendoim com aumento plasmático de colecistocinina (cck)

Obesity is increasing, reaching epidemic levels in many regions of the world. Studies have shown that consumption of peanuts influences on weight control and this influence may be due to the action of trypsin inhibitors sacietogênica that condition increased plasma colescistocinina (CCK). Moreover, the peanut has other health benefits, and these assignments are guaranteed to increase their production and consumption of several of its products, including the paçoca peanut. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of a trypsin inhibitor in paçoca peanut and evaluate its effect on food intake, weight gain and histomorphological changes in swiss mice (n = 8) and Wistar rats (n = 6). Experimental diets were prepared based on the AIN-93G and supplemented with tack or peanut trypsin inhibitor partially purified paçoca peanut (AHTI). After each treatment, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, their bloods were collected by cardiac puncture for the determination of CCK and other biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and albumin) and their pancreas removed for histologic and morphometric analysis. The supplementation with paçoca peanut and the AHTI showed a decrease of body weight gain and food intake in both mice and rats, due to the satiety, since the animals showed no evidence of impairment of nutritional status conditioned by consumption the AHTI. There were also observed biochemical or morphological important when compared with controls. However, AHTI led to increased secretion of CCK, a peptide sacietogênico. Thus, these results indicate that AHTI present in paçoca peanut, is able to enhance the secretion of plasma CCK and thereby reduce the weight gain associated with lower food intake of experimenta animals

PARAFAC: uma ferramenta quimiométrica para tratamento de dados multidimensionais. Aplicações na determinação direta de fármacos em plasma humano por espectrofluorimetria

Since the last decade, the combined use of chemometrics and molecular spectroscopic techniques has become a new alternative for direct drug determination, without the need of physical separation. Among the new methodologies developed, the application of PARAFAC in the decomposition of spectrofluorimetric data should be highlighted. The first objective of this article is to describe the theoretical basis of PARAFAC. For this purpose, a discussion about the order of chemometric methods used in multivariate calibration and the development of multi-dimensional methods is presented first. The other objective of this article is to divulge for the Brazilian chemical community the potential of the combination PARAFAC/spectrofluorimetry for the determination of drugs in complex biological matrices. For this purpose, two applications aiming at determining, respectively, doxorrubicine and salicylate in human plasma are presented.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes idosos um ano após o tratamento cirúrgico de fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact that trochanteric hip fractures produce on life quality of elderly patients, treated surgically, during one year of monitoring. METHODS: Were selected 73 elderly with transtrochanteric femur fracture, aged equal or over than 65 years and of both sexes. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire which obtained information on lifestyle habits, functionality, physical activity, ambulation and cognitive state. Were excluded patients who died, not walking, with neurological diseases and pathological fractures. RESULTS: The average age was 80.17 ± 7.2 years and 75% was female. When comparing the summation of activities of daily living (p = 0.04) and instrumental daily living (p = 0.004) obtained before and after fracture, the patients become more dependent after fracture. Activities of daily living that worsened after fracture were bathing (p = 0.04), toileting (p = 0.02) and dressing (p = 0.04). All instrumental activities of daily living showed a significant difference, with functional dependence after fracture, increased need for walking aid (p = 0.00002), aged (p = 0.01) and not doing housework (p = 0.01). The low score on the test Minimental was associated with a greater dependence to perform activities of daily living before (p = 0.00002) and after (p = 0.01) fracture. CONCLUSION: After a year, activities of daily living that depended on the lower limbs worsened significantly, all instrumental activities of daily living were significantly worse in more than 50% of patients and more than half of patients who walked without support lost this ability.

Sistema MINUS® - técnica minimamente invasiva para o tratamento das fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur

The MINUS system was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that uses a diaphyseal cephalic extramedullary implant for the treatment of transtrochanteral fractures of the femur in elderly patients. The implant consists of a sliding screw coupled to a plate adapted to the minimally invasive technique. The surgical access is approximately three centimeters in length located on the lateral surface of the hip, below the projection of the small trochanter. A perfectly adapted instrument was used for the procedure, which also requires the use of an image intensifier, reducing surgery time and rate of bleeding. The objective of this study is to present a new instrument and implant, developed specifically for treatment with the minimally invasive technique, reducing the length of the conventional surgical access from 10 to three centimetres. This new implant was given the commercial name of MINUS System.

O comportamento de crianças em tratamento odontológico: intervenção psicofarmacológica

The present investigation evaluated the effects of diazepam used to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. Six participants received placebo or diazepam (0,3 mg/kg weight) before formal dental treatment at total 54 sessions that were all recorded in videotapes. The analysis of recorded child (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior management procedures (distraction, explanation, positive reinforcement) indicates no differences by using a double-blind Wilcoxon design (p>0.05). It is suggested the necessity of methodological refinement in studies that combine psychological and pharmacological handling strategies.

Medo, ansiedade e controle relacionados ao tratamento odontológico

The aim of this study was to test fear, anxiety and control related to dental treatment. The subjects were 364 children with ages between 7 and 13 years. Three questionnaires with multiple choice questions were applied in groups of 10 children. The first instrument was the 15-item dental subscale from the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule9. The subjects rated their level of fear on a 5-point scale. The second survey instrument was the 20-item subscale from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children16. This measure was used to capture how anxious the child was, in general. The third instrument was the Child Dental Control Assessment19. It contained 20 items to assess perceived control and 20 items to assess desired control. The results of the survey indicated that dental fear and anxiety were slightly higher for females when compared with male subjects (P < 0.05). Older children (11 to 13 years old) obtained higher fear scores than younger ones (7 to 9 years old). Concerning perceived control, the results indicate that younger children perceive more control than older ones. For desired control, the results indicate that younger children reported higher percentages than older ones. In this study, patients who had undergone anesthesia during treatment revealed higher fear scores when compared with those who had not. Dental fear etiology seems to be related to a procedure that may involve pain or lack of control.