1000 resultados para Transplante Ósseo


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OBJETIVO: Verificar em animal de experimentação (coelho) a integração da poliuretana de mamona, aplicada na forma de biomassa moldável, como alternativa biológica para substituir o enxerto ósseo autógeno. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados vinte coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia submetidos a um defeito padrão condilar femoral, com dimensões de 6x10mm, e implantação de enxerto ósseo autógeno em um dos lados e poliuretana de mamona no outro, de forma aleatória. Os animais foram observados por período de 45 e 90 dias. Aos resultados da avaliação dos aspectos macro e microscópicos aplicaram-se testes estatísticos de McNemar, Fisher, "t" de Student e quiquadrado (p< 0,05). RESULTADOS: Na análise macroscópica, a presença de fratura femoral não foi significante em nenhum dos grupos. Em 100% dos enxertos ósseos autógenos houve a presença de cicatrização cortical (p = 0,0010), tanto aos 45 quanto aos 90 dias, enquanto nos fêmures que receberam poliuretana esta cicatrização estava ausente aos 45 dias. Em relação à presença do tecido ósseo maduro na zona de transição entre o implante e o osso receptor, a observação microscópica mostrou que ele estava completamente ausente, aos 45 dias. Aos noventa dias ele estava presente em todos os animais que receberam enxerto ósseo autógeno (p = 0,0010) e em nenhum dos que receberam poliuretana de mamona, que mostravam a presença apenas de tecido ósseo imaturo. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a poliuretana de mamona integra-se ao osso receptor mais lentamente que o enxerto ósseo autógeno. No entanto a proposta do uso de uma massa moldável, para preencher a falha óssea, mostrou-se factível e promissora na pesquisa do polímero de mamona como substituto ósseo biológico.

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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

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The correction of bone defects is the restoration of lost structures which can be replaced by alloplastic implants or bone grafts. Due to the known disadvantages of removal of autogenous grafts, most researches in dentistry aim to develop alloplastic or non-alloplastic materials able to replace bone without these limitations. Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) is a synthetic granular bone substitute, biocompatible, osteoconductive, which can be used in the alveolar reconstruction. In this work, we perform a literature review on the β-TCP characteristics and discuss its application in dentistry.

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Bone is a specialized connective tissue, vascular and dynamic changes over the life of the organism. When injured, has a unique ability to regenerate and repair without the presence of scars, but in some situations due to the size of the defect, the bone tissue does not regenerate so completely, it is necessary to carry out bone grafting procedures. Considering there are various types of grafts and various donor sites. Thus, the aim of this study was to review the literature to some type of graft most commonly used in dentistry. Given the importance of bone reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery, it is necessary to know the viability and influence of biomaterials, or not associated with autogenous grafts in bone repair. Even this, with many qualities, but further studies should be done to achieve each day, a synthetic material compatible with bone tissue lost in adequate amounts without requiring extra-oral surgeries that are considered to be devoted to higher morbidity.

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The techniques of bone reconstruction for atrophic maxillae have been improved in order to promote bone tissue growth in both height and thickness. The grafts performed with use of autogenous bone is considered the gold standard by most researchers, for demonstrating osteogenic capacity and not to promote antigenic response. However, this type of grafting is not possible to get bone tissue in large quantity for extensive renovations. In recent years, alternatives have been researched to overcome the limitations of autogenous bone. Several alternatives have been investigated to supply the disadvantages of autogenous bone grafts. In such studies, allogeneic bone grafts which are obtained from individuals with different genetic load, but from the same species have been extensively used. They can be indicated in cases of arthrosplasty, surgical knee reconstruction, and large bone defects as well as in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. Besides showing great applicability and biocompatibility, this type of bone is available in unlimited quantities. To rehabilitate atrophic maxillae an option that has been performed with high success rate is the reconstruction with bone graft followed by osseointegrated dental implants to rehabilitate the patient aesthetics and functionally. This paper aims to show the feasibility of allogenic bone as material for reconstruction of atrophic maxilla, and subsequent rehabilitation with metal ceramic fixed prosthesis implant and dental restoration with accompanying three years through literature review and clinical case report.