Migración a SIG libre del catálogo de caminos rurales y pistas forestales de Extremadura

Según establece la Ley 12/20001 de 15 de noviembre, de Caminos Públicos de Extremadura, se establece que los titulares de los caminos públicos de Extremadura deben tener un catálogo de caminos y demás bienes inmuebles que integran el dominio público viario. En el año 2002 se adjudica a FOMEX la ejecución de la asistencia para la creación del catálogo. (...)

Ants Can Learn to Forage on One-Way Trails

The trails formed by many ant species between nest and food source are two-way roads on which outgoing and returning workers meet and touch each other all along. The way to get back home, after grasping a food load, is to take the same route on which they have arrived from the nest. In many species such trails are chemically marked by pheromones providing orientation cues for the ants to find their way. Other species rely on their vision and use landmarks as cues. We have developed a method to stop foraging ants from shuttling on two-way trails. The only way to forage is to take two separate roads, as they cannot go back on their steps after arriving at the food or at the nest. The condition qualifies as a problem because all their orientation cues-chemical, visual or any other - are disrupted, as all of them cannot but lead the ants back to the route on which they arrived. We have found that workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa can solve the problem. They could not only find the alternative way, but also used the unidirectional traffic system to forage effectively. We suggest that their ability is an evolutionary consequence of the need to deal with environmental irregularities that cannot be negotiated by means of excessively stereotyped behavior, and that it is but an example of a widespread phenomenon. We also suggest that our method can be adapted to other species, invertebrate and vertebrate, in the study of orientation, memory, perception, learning and communication.

Ecological aspects of the free-living ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on animal trails within Atlantic rainforest in south-eastern Brazil

In a recent ecological study of the ticks on animal trails within an area of Atlantic rainforest in south-eastern Brazil, Amblyomma aureolatum, A. brasiliense, A. incisum, A. ovale and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi were found questing on the vegetation. Most of the ticks recorded by a small, man-made dam on the forest border were A. dubitatum but a few A. brasiliense and A. cajennense, one A. incisum and one H. juxtakochi were also found. The seasonal activity of the ticks indicated that A. incisum and A. brasiliense had one generation/year. On the animal trails, most tick species and stages quested on the vegetation at a height of 30-40 cm above ground level. The questing larvae and adults of A. incisum tended to be found higher, however, with the greatest numbers recorded 40-50 cm (larvae) or 60-70 cm (adults) above ground level. Most of the adult ticks (81.1% -100%), nymphs (78.6%-100%) and larval clusters (100%) found on a forest trail remained questing at the same location over a 24-h period. Carbon-dioxide traps in the rainforest attracted, 50% of the ticks observed questing on the nearby vegetation and, curiously, the CO(2) traps set deep in the forest attracted far fewer ticks than similar traps set by the dam. The ecological relationships between the ticks, their hosts and the rainforest environment are discussed.

Use of camera-traps in natural trails and shelters for the mammalian survey in the Atlantic Forest

In order to evaluate the efficiency of different mammalian survey methods, we compared traditional sampling techniques (use of camera-traps on roads and artificial trails, track censuses, and direct field visualization) with an alternative sampling design (camera-traps positioned in natural areas such as natural trails and shelters). We conducted the study in a deciduous Atlantic-Forest park in southern Brazil, and additionally compared our results with a previous intensive study carried out in the same area. Our considerably smaller sampling effort (example: 336 trap.day for our camera-traps versus 2,154 trap.day for the earlier study) registered the presence of 85% of the local known species, with camera-traps being 68% efficient. Moreover, shelter camera-traps revealed a different species composition regarding most of other sampling methods. This sampling strategy involving natural forest sites was therefore able to effectively optimize the chances of evaluating species composition in a shorter period, especially with respect to lower-density and cryptic species, as well as to detect species that avoid open, disturbed sites such as roads and man-made forest trails.

Iowa Department of Transportation report on funds received from the Rebuild Iowa Infrastructure Fund, the State Recreational Trails Fund, the Health Restricted Capitals and the Rail Revolving Loan and Grant Program in fiscal year 2007

House file 2782 (2007 Infrastructure Appropriations Act) requires state agencies that receive appropriations from specific funds to report that information. The Iowa Department of Transportation received funds from the Rebuild Iowa Infrastructure Fund, the State Recreational Trails Fund, the Health Restricted Capitals, and the Rail Revolving Loan and Grant Program in FY 2007. These are the status reports for those funds and the status of the FY2006 funds received from the State Recreational Trails Fund, the Rebuild Iowa Infrastructure Fund and the Tobacco Settlement Trust Fund.

Dynamics of the restoration of physical trails in the grass-cutting ant Atta capiguara (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

ABSTRACT Dynamics of the restoration of physical trails in the grass-cutting ant Atta capiguara. Leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta build long physical trails by cutting the vegetation growing on the soil surface and removing the small objects they find across their path. Little is known on the dynamics of trail construction in these ants. How much time do they need to build a trail? To answer this question we selected six trails belonging to two different nests of A. capiguara and removed on each trail a block of soil of 20 cm × 15 cm that included a portion of the physical trail. This block was then replaced by a new block of the same size that was removed in the pasture near the trail and that was uniformly covered by the same type of vegetation as that found on the block of soil that was removed. The time required to restore the trail was then evaluated by the length of the grass blades found along the former location of the trail. The results show that ants rapidly restore the portion of the physical trail that was interrupted, which suggests that they could also do the same after their trails have been recolonized by the vegetation.

Iowa Rails and Trails Map, July 1, 2009

Iowa Rails and Trails Map

Iowa Trails: Connecting People and Trails: Local Community Planning for Bicyclists and Pedestrians, 2000

Many communities in Iowa have expressed a desire to develop a plan for better accommodating pedestrians and bicyclists in their community. This desire results from the recognition that walking and bicycling are popular recreational activities and, are increasingly important as “alternative transportation modes.” Recognizing the desire on the part of communities to create better conditions for bicycling and walking, the Iowa DOT developed this handbook as part of Iowa Trails 2000. This handbook outlines the steps and resources required to create a comprehensive system of bicycle and pedestrian facilities. Such a system can serve local needs and connect communities to the Iowa State Trails System and other regional attractions.

Iowa Rails and Trails Map, July 1, 2007

Iowa Rails and Trails Map

Macbride nature recreation area : hiking and cross-country ski trails, 1987.

This brochure contains information on the hiking and cross-country ski trails in the Macbride Nature Recreation Area located 15 minutes north of Iowa City in Johnson County.

Iowa's Recreation Trails, 1994

Includes maps and lists with contact information of Iowa's recreation trails including ones for canoeing, hiking, snowmobiling, equestrian, atv, cross county skiing and bicycling.

Obtención de líneas de trigo resistentes a Mayetiola destructor Say en la Campiña Sur de Extremadura

La línea H-93-33, homocigota para el gen H27, que confiere resistencia a Mayetiola destructor Say, ha sido cruzada con variedades comerciales de trigo seleccionadas por su calidad harinera y sus características agronómicas. Esos cruzamientos han producido numerosas líneas avanzadas. La línea Ma8, que contiene el gen H27, ha demostrado su resistencia al parásito en condiciones controladas de cámara y campo, y muestra mejores características agronómicas que las variedades comerciales con las que se ha cruzado.

Tekstuaalisessa liikkeessä : Textual trails : transmissions of oral and written texts : the 11th Conference of the European Society for Textual Scholarship 30th of October − 1st of November 2014

Konferenssiraportti

SIG Libres para la gestión de territorios rurales en Extremadura. Las iniciativas LEADER

En Extremadura desde 1991 se están gestionando Iniciativas de Desarrollo Rural, denominadas LEADER, cofinanciadas por la UE en distintos territorios comarcales. Por ello, hemos introducido la tecnología SIG como una herramienta de estudio de la gestión de estas Iniciativas. Conociendo el territorio, se podrá analizar con mayor claridad el impacto de este tipo de políticas en los últimos dieciséis años y si han conseguido lograr sus objetivos de mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población rural. El uso de esta tecnología nos ayudará a introducir nuevas reflexiones en la gestión de estos espacios debido a un mejor conocimiento de su territorio. Hemos diseñado un visualizador en MapWinGis para poder analizar el impacto de estas Iniciativas y en que medida han cumplido sus objetivos iniciales. Por ello hemos creado primero una Base de Datos Cartográfica y Alfanumérica con los parámetros físicos, económicos y sociales de los territorios donde se está aplicando LEADER. Posteriormente hemos introducido otra Base de Datos con los parámetros económicos (Inversiones realizadas por sector y su tipo de financiación: Fondos Estructurales de la UE, Administraciones Nacionales y/o aportaciones privados), y los parámetros sociales generados por la Iniciativa (empleo creado y/o consolidado, empresas creadas, cursos de formación de su población, nuevas tecnologías…). Esta aplicación en MapWinGis que la vamos a denominar SIG_LEADER es para poder visualizar las bases de datos cartográficas y alfanuméricas creadas anteriormente y conseguir de una manera sencilla la consulta de todos los datos introducidos y su localización en el territorio. Por ello, se permite a los gestores de esta Iniciativa, mediante esta herramienta poder analizar la relación entre las inversiones económicas y las características del territorio donde se están implementando, todo ello con la novedad de poder realizarlo en un entorno de software libre sin costes económicos

Potencialidades del SIG libre en la educación universitaria. La enseñanza de SIG en Geografía, Universidad de Extremadura

La enseñanza de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica ha sufrido importantes modificaciones en los últimos años. El presente trabajo pretende profundizar en las potencialidades de los SIG Libres en la educación universitaria a través de su evolución en la Licenciatura de Geografía de la Universidad de Extremadura. Desde su implantación la programación docente de esta asignatura ha ido evolucionando desde una orientación meramente teórica hasta una concepción práctica y aplicada gracias a la implantación de los SIG Libres. Por otro lado, se ha ido diversificando la oferta docente en este tipo de materias no solo en la optatividad sino también en los cursos de perfeccionamiento, etc. El aumento del número de cursos de postgrado es el fiel reflejo del creciente aumento de la demanda de este tipo de herramientas, y donde el binomio SIG Libre – Universidad muestra sus mayores sinergias. Los SIG Libres dotan a la universidad de un software eficiente a coste cero y las universidades forman profesionales especializados y concienciados de la utilidad del SIG Libre, que trasladaran estas inquietudes al mundo laboral. En cuanto a las potencialidades del SIG Libre en la enseñanza de SIG en la Licenciatura en Geografía se han intentado esquematizar a través de un análisis DAFO, construyendo además una matriz de relaciones que nos ha permitido plantear diferentes hipótesis de evolución futura. En definitiva, la implantación de los SIG Libre a la enseñanza universitaria es actualmente un proceso activo y revitalizador de una docencia práctica y más cercana al mundo profesional