Urbanisation and sport participation in townships in China

Urbanisation as a phenomenon is a complex social process which can be quite difficult to define and understand. In recent years, urbanisation in China has developed at an ever increasing rate. Urban population rates have now surpassed 50% (figure from 2011). Based on the growing importance placed on the increasing number of urbanised/urbanising townships, the issue of people’s lives within the townships has also become an important feature in regard to the impact that urbanisation is having upon China. Clearly this links China’s urban development to the transformation of sport participation in China. This research aims to examine what the reality of the sport participation on-the-ground is within six selective townships in China and examine the reasons for the reality through the lens of figurational theory. In order to do so, some features of Norbert Elias’s figurational theory (involvement and detachment, power) are employed as the theoretical framework. Two townships in Lüliang of Shanxi province, two townships in Jincheng of Shanxi Province and two townships in Huizhou of Guangdong province were selected in order to answer these key questions. The three cities which the townships are located are in different stages of urbanisation. Semi-structured interview were conducted. The current situation were described from the aspects of age, gender, occupation and income aspects and the transformation of sport participation. This research concludes that the current sport participation situation within these six townships is due to the influences stemming from several aspects: sport policy and sport organisation; economy condition, culture, urbanisation, and self-requirement and individual interest towards sport. This power forms a network of interdependency which also aids our understanding of the current sport participation within these six selected Chinese townships.

Second Welland Canal - Book 1, Survey Map 6 - Through Grantham and Louth Townships

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the area between the Townships of Grantham and Louth. Identified structures associated with the Canal include the floating tow path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Features of the First Welland Canal are noted in red ink and include the old towing path, and the original bed of the Twelve Mile Creek. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads (ex. New Road, 1st Concession Road, and an unnamed road in the top right corner), an unnamed bridge along New Road, J. Martindale's House, an Old Saw Mill, Richardsons Creek, Georges Point, and an oak tree at Georges Point. Properties and property owners of note are: Concession 2 Lot 23 and Concession 3 Lot 23 in the Grantham Township, Concession 2 Lots 1 and 2, and Concession 3 Lots 1 and 2 in the Louth Township, Peter Weaver, J. Martindale, and John Bonner. A property belonging to the Board of Works is outlined in red at Georges Point.

Second Welland Canal - Book 1, Survey Map 8 - Through Grantham and Louth Townships

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the area between the Townships of Louth and Grantham. Identified structures associated with the Canal include the floating tow path. It is not labelled, but runs along the bottom of the map. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks that are identified include streets and roads (ex. New Road, and Road to Port Dalhousie), and an unnamed bridge along New Road. Richardson's Creek is identified in pencil. Properties and property owners of note are: Lot 23 in Grantham Township, Lots 1 and 2 in Louth Township, John Bonner, John Martindale, Geo. E. Read, Thomas Read, N. Pawling, and the Board of Works.

Letter to P.I. Price asking him to make out a cheque in favour of German and Pettit for looking after certain petitions in Willoughby and Bertie Townships and in Welland

Letter to P.I. Price asking him to make out a cheque in favour of German and Pettit for looking after certain petitions in Willoughby and Bertie Townships and in Welland. This is signed by H.H. Collier, March 5, 1906.

Being anglophone : language, place and identity in Quebec's eastern townships

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Sherbrooke, Eastern Townships and Kennebec Railway, New England, 1874 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the Sherbrooke, Eastern Townships and Kennebec Railway : with connections, prepared by G.W. & C.B. Colton & Co. It was published in 1874. Scale [ca. 1:1,267,200]. Covers New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and portions of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Maine, and the province of Quebec, Canada. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic projection (Meters). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as railroads, railroad connections and stations, drainage, state and county boundaries, and more. Includes inset: [Sherbrooke, Eastern Townships and Kennebec Railway in province of Québec]. Scale [ca. 1:921,600]. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

History of Fulton County, Illinois : together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, civil, military, and political history ...

The reproduction ... made possible through the sponsorship of the Fulton County Historical and Genealogical Society, Canton, Illinois.

History of Vernon County, Wisconsin, together with sketches of its towns, villages and townships, educational, civil, military and political history; portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens; history of Wisconsin...

Illustrated.

Description of surveyed townships in the Peace River district in the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia.

Issued by Dept. of the Interior. Topographical Surveys Branch.

A history of the townships of Byberry and Moreland, in Philadelphia, Pa. : from their earliest settlements by the whites to the present time /

Includes index.

Laws of Michigan : concerning the organization and government of townships, and the powers and duties of township officers and boards of supervisors : with numerous practical forms, and notes referring to adjudicated cases /

Mode of access: Internet.

A history of Newton chapelry in the ancient parish of Manchester. Including sketches of the townships of Newton and Kirkmanshulme, Failsworth, and Bradford, but exclusive of the townships of Droylsden and Moston.

Includes registers of marriages, baptisms, and burials.

History of Washtenaw county, Michigan : together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships...

Includes history of Michigan.

Hunter's Eastern Townships scenery, Canada East /

Added t.-p., engraved.

L'Avenir, townships de Durham et de Wickham.

Mode of access: Internet.