Modelagem numérica da superfície na geração da planialtimetra segundo dados de quatro equipamentos topogríficos

The aim of this present work was to compare planialtimetric charts obtained from different risings using two different theodolite types, a total station, and a precision level, used as control. Using a total station, an area was marked with clear variations of relief, following a grid, with a distance of 20 meters among stakes. After that, the stakes were read by the total station and two theodolites of different precisions. The geometric leveling was done by a precision level. The data were input in the DataGeosis software and the numerical modelling of the land was made with mesh of maximum rigidity, generating planialtimetric representation for each rising. It was verified, through comparison of the four representations that little variations occur in relation to the control. The closest representation of the control was the planialtimetry based on the data from the total station, in which the representations obtained from the theodolites were identical among themselves. It was concluded that in the process of obtaining detailed planialtimetry of small areas, submitted to the grid, it was not necessary to use composed geometric leveling, reducing work to the exclusive use of a total station or conventional theodolite.

Direct and general support and depot maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : theodolite, directional, 1 sec graduation, 5.9 in. length telescope w/tripod, carrying case, and accessories (Wild Heerbrugg instruments), model T-2, serial numbers 5602 through 17897 and 27235 through 30594 (FSN 6675-232-8972), model T-2 56 ....

"September 1968."

Operator, organizational, direct support, general support, and depot maintenance manual : theodolite, directional, 0.2 mil graduation, 5.9 in. long telescope, w/accessories (Wild Heerbrugg models), (model T16-mil 66, type II), FSN 6675-926-4505 (model T16-mil 68, type II), FSN 6675-861-7939, theodolite, directional, 1 min graduation, 5.9 in. long telescope, w/accessories ....

"March 1970."

Operator, organizational, direct support, general support, and depot maintenance manual : theodolite, surveying, directional, 1 minute graduation w/compass and extension leg tripod (Keuffel & Esser model 73 0041 special), FSN 6675-832-8649.

"September 1968."

Operator, organizational, field, and depot maintenance manual : theodolite; directional, 2/10 sec, degree graduation, 10.2 in. long telescope w/accessories, (Wild Heerbrugg model T-3), FSN 6675-382-9140.

Includes index.

Direct and general support and depot maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : theodolite, directional; 0.002-mil graduation, 5.9 in. long telescope; detachable tribrach; w/accessories and tripod (Wild Heerbrugg model T-2-56-C-MIL), FSN 6675-682-4635 ... (Wild Heerbrugg model T-2-56-C-MIL, reference), FSN 6675-988-5225.

Includes index.

Operator, organizational, direct support and general support maintenance manual : theodolite, directional, 5.9 in. lg telescope, detachable tribrach, w/accessories and tripod (Wild Heerbrugg model T-16-0.2 mil) (FSN 6675-542-1683).

Includes index.

Direct and general support and depot maintenance, repair parts and special tools lists : theodolite, directional, 1 min. graduation, 5.9-in. long telescope w/accessories, (Wild Heerbrugg model T-16 type l) FSN 6675-828-6397.

Includes index.

Operator, organizational, field, and depot maintenance manual : theodolite, directional, 1 sec graduation, 5.9 in. length telescope, w/tripod, carrying case, and accessories (Wild Heerbrugg Instruments), model T-2, serial number ranges 5602 through 17897 and 27235 through 30594, FSN 6675-232-8972, model T-2 56 ....

"December 1961."

Operator, organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance manual : theodolite, directional, 0.002 mil graduation, 5.9 in. lg. telescope ... (Wild Heerbrugg models), (model T2-56-C-MIL), NSN 6675-00-682-4635 ... theodolite, directional (reference), (Wild Heerbrugg models T2-56-C-MIL ... and T2-68MIL), NSN 6675-00-988-5225.

Includes index.

Operator, organizational, direct support, general support, and depot maintenance manual : theodolite, directional, 2/10 sec graduation, first-order, with accessories, trivet, tripod, and cases (Kern model DKM3M) FSN 6675-455-9200.

Includes index.

Organizational, direct and general support, and depot maintenance repair parts and special tools list : theodolite, surveying, directional, 0.2-mil graduation 7 in. length telescope w/extension leg tripod, carrying case, and accessories (Keuffel & Esser model KE-6 special), FSN 6675-933-9532.

Includes index.

Operator, organizational, direct support, general support, and depot maintenance manual : theodolite, surveying, directional, 0.002 mil graduation w/extension leg tripod (Keuffel & Esser model KE-2 special), FSN 6675-903-7661.

"September 1968."

Verification of the indoor GPS system, by comparison with calibrated coordinates and by angular reference

This paper details work carried out to verify the dimensional measurement performance of the Indoor GPS (iGPS) system; a network of Rotary-Laser Automatic Theodolites (R-LATs). Initially tests were carried out to determine the angular uncertainties on an individual R-LAT transmitter-receiver pair. A method is presented of determining the uncertainty of dimensional measurement for a three dimensional coordinate measurement machine. An experimental procedure was developed to compare three dimensional coordinate measurements with calibrated reference points. The reference standard used to calibrate these reference points was a fringe counting interferometer with the multilateration technique employed to establish three dimensional coordinates. This is an extension of the established technique of comparing measured lengths with calibrated lengths. The method was found to be practical and able to establish that the expanded uncertainty of the basic iGPS system was approximately 1 mm at a 95% confidence level. Further tests carried out on a highly optimized version of the iGPS system have shown that the coordinate uncertainty can be reduced to 0.25 mm at a 95% confidence level.

Estimation of uncertainty in three-dimensional coordinate measurement by comparison with calibrated points

This paper details a method of estimating the uncertainty of dimensional measurement for a three-dimensional coordinate measurement machine. An experimental procedure was developed to compare three-dimensional coordinate measurements with calibrated reference points. The reference standard used to calibrate these reference points was a fringe counting interferometer with a multilateration-like technique employed to establish three-dimensional coordinates. This is an extension of the established technique of comparing measured lengths with calibrated lengths. Specifically a distributed coordinate measurement device was tested which consisted of a network of Rotary-Laser Automatic Theodolites (R-LATs), this system is known commercially as indoor GPS (iGPS). The method was found to be practical and was used to estimate that the uncertainty of measurement for the basic iGPS system is approximately 1 mm at a 95% confidence level throughout a measurement volume of approximately 10 m × 10 m × 1.5 m. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.