RELAÇÕES OBJETAIS E ESTRUTURA DE PERSONALIDADE: MULHERES ENVOLVIDAS EM CASOS DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA

A violência doméstica é um fenômeno que preocupa a sociedade e deve ser objeto de destaque, é grave pois pode deixar marcas físicas e psicológicas. Ela aterroriza famílias e é assustador, principalmente por ocorrer, na maioria das vezes, no local onde as pessoas deveriam sentir-se seguras e protegidas, dentro de suas próprias casas. Há um esforço para medir a incidência da violência doméstica. Contudo, a família, a relação conjugal e o ambiente doméstico, na atualidade, ainda são considerados privados e particulares, o que dificulta a precisão da magnitude real deste tipo de violência. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as relações objetais e estrutura de personalidade de mulheres envolvidas em casos de violência doméstica. Para tanto, utilizou-se do método qualitativo, foram avaliadas quatro mulheres envolvidas em violência doméstica, com idade superior a 18 anos. Como instrumentos foram empregados um Questionário Sociodemográfico e o Teste das Relações Objetais de Phillipson (TRO). Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura de personalidade destas mulheres apresenta-se com o predomínio de traços esquizoides. No Sistema Tensional Inconsciente Dominante, a dinâmica da personalidade apresenta medos, desejos e defesas das posições Viscocárica e Esquizoparanoide. Tal dinâmica sugere fragilidade estrutural, persecutoriedade e dependência dos objetos. Refletindo sobre a questão da violência e de como essas mulheres se submetem a ela, por meio dos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, observou-se que se trata de um tipo de relação de objeto com extrema dependência, permeada pelo ódio e culpa persecutória. Esta última mobiliza a permissividade do superego que precisa satisfazer todos os desejos do objeto de dependência. Ao mesmo tempo que são agredidas, elas também agridem, por não suportarem a ausência do objeto e o desejo de fundir-se a ele parece ser o gatilho que dispara os ataques. Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa possam levar à reflexão sobre políticas públicas e intervenções mais eficazes para diminuir a incidência deste tipo de violência e o sofrimento dessas mulheres

DINÂMICA PSÍQUICA E EFICÁCIA ADAPTATIVA DE PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2

O diabetes é uma doença crônica conhecida há aproximadamente 3.500 anos e que atinge, atualmente, cerca de 18,8 milhões de pessoas no mundo, sendo, portanto, de grande interesse a diversos pesquisadores das mais variadas áreas. Esta doença é resultante de uma insuficiência de insulina, que desempenha papel fundamental nos processos metabólicos do organismo. A incidência do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 tem apresentado um considerável crescimento nas últimas décadas, principalmente decorrente da elevada expectativa de vida e, também, pelo resultado de comportamentos destrutivos a saúde, como o abuso de substâncias, dieta inadequada e um estilo de vida sedentário. O presente estudo teve por objetivos avaliar a Qualidade de Vida, a dinâmica psíquica, a eficácia adaptativa e verificar os níveis glicêmicos de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 participantes de um grupo psicoeducativo. Participaram deste estudo 14 pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: 1. Escala da Associação Brasileira de Institutos de Pesquisa de Mercado (ABIPEME); 2. Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO); 3. Teste das Relações Objetais de Phillipson (TRO); e, 4. WHOQOL-bref. Os resultados mostraram que alguns pacientes apresentaram uma melhora significativa em seus níveis glicêmicos após a realização do grupo psicoeducativo, mesmo verificando que alguns não atingiram ainda bom controle de sua glicemia. A qualidade de vida destes participantes apresentou-se com níveis muito bons. Ao avaliar a eficácia adaptativa e a dinâmica psíquica destes participantes, verificou-se o quanto é difícil aceitar que se tem uma doença crônica e ter atitudes para realizar o tratamento adequado. Concluímos que para estas pessoas com diabetes poderem aderir ao tratamento é necessário que ele apresente uma boa capacidade de solucionar conflitos, e, apresente seu mundo interno ligado à posição depressiva. Se estes fatores estiverem equilibrados o estilo de vida e o bem-estar desses pacientes serão positivos, de modo que eles possam apresentar consequentemente um bom prognóstico com menos complicações da doença durante mais tempo de vida.

ESTRUTURA E DINÂMICA DO FUNCIONAMENTO PSÍQUICO DE HOMENS ENVOLVIDOS EM VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA

A violência, de qualquer tipo e natureza, é um fenômeno que acontece desde os primórdios. A Organização Mundial de Saúde define violência como o uso intencional da força física ou do poder, real ou por ameaça, contra a própria pessoa, contra outra pessoa, contra um grupo ou uma comunidade, que pode resultar em morte, lesão, dano psicológico, problemas de desenvolvimento ou privação. A violência doméstica é definida pela APA como qualquer ação que causa dano físico a um ou mais membros de sua unidade familiar e pode ocorrer a partir de um conflito de gerações e de gênero, configurando-se por agressão física, abuso sexual, abuso psicológico, negligência, dentro da família, perpetradas por um agressor em condições de superioridade (física, etária, social, psíquica e/ou hierárquica). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a Estrutura e dinâmica do Funcionamento Psíquico de Homens Envolvidos em Violência Doméstica. Utilizou-se o método clínico-qualitativo, com quatro homens em situação de violência doméstica. Como forma de coleta de dados foi empregada uma entrevista e o Teste das Relações Objetais (TRO) de Phillipson. Ao analisar os resultados, pode-se observar que o ego fragilizado teme a solidão, as situações de perda, e os ataques destrutivos do id e o superego permissivo não os contêm, e para suportar os ataques persecutórios dos objetos, e em função da persecutoriedade e da culpa persecutória o ego recorre a identificação projetiva maciça e a idealização para proteger-se da destrutividade, permanecendo na posição esquizoparanóide. Conclui-se que a análise da estrutura e da dinâmica psíquica e o tratamento psicológico (individual ou em grupo) de homens envolvidos em violência doméstica, em conjunto com outras medidas judiciais e sociais são ações necessárias, pois, pode ser uma forma de ajudá-los a enfrentar suas limitações, lidar com suas angústias, entender e controlar os impulsos, rever e compreender suas crenças e trabalhar sua autoestima. Partindo-se do pressuposto que a violência doméstica ocorre na relação entre homem-mulher, o tratamento e o entendimento dos aspectos psicológicos de homens envolvidos em violência doméstica são de extrema importância para minimizar este fenômeno, e deve ser aliado às ações, já existentes dirigidas às mulheres.

Relations Between Political Violence and Child Adjustment: a four-wave test of the role of emotional insecurity about community

This study further explored the impact of sectarian violence and children's emotional insecurity about community on child maladjustment using a 4-wave longitudinal design. The study included 999 mother-child dyads in Belfast, Northern Ireland (482 boys, 517 girls). Across the 4 waves, child mean age was 12.19 (SD = 1.82), 13.24 (SD = 1.83), 13.61 (SD = 1.99), and 14.66 years (SD = 1.96), respectively. Building on previous studies of the role of emotional insecurity in child adjustment, the current study examines within-person change in emotional insecurity using latent growth curve analyses. The results showed that children's trajectories of emotional insecurity about community were related to risk for developing conduct and emotion problems. These findings controlled for earlier adjustment problems, age, and gender, and took into account the time-varying nature of experience with sectarian violence. Discussion considers the implications for children's emotional insecurity about community for relations between political violence and children's adjustment, including the significance of trajectories of emotional insecurity over time.

Concerning the relations of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal, to each other, and to the common enemy, at this crisis; and specifically as affected by the Convention of Cintra: the whole brought to the test of those principles, by which alone the independence and freedom of nations can be preserved or recovered.

Mode of access: Internet.

Infants' Understanding of Object Weight: Relations with Action Experience and Strength

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Australian student reactions to U.S. tourism advertising : a test of advertising as public diplomacy

A study among Australian college students gauged their reactions to a television commercial produced for the U.S. Commerce Department to bolster sagging tourism numbers among international visitors. In addition to using traditional measures applied to tourism advertisements, the student also concluded items to measure attitudes toward the U.S. government and its people Pre- and post-viewing results indicated that while the Hollywood-movie-themed commercial was not well received by the Australian students as a tourism message, it did result in more favorable attitudes toward the U.S. government, though not the U.S. people. The findings lend partial support for the potential of tourism advertising efforts to exert a "bleed-over effect" in terms of their contributions to overall attitudes toward a country, regardless of whether viewers plan to visit the country whose travel advertisements they see.

Australian student reactions to US tourism advertising : a test of advertising as public diplomacy

A study among Australian college students gauged their reactions to a television commercial produced for the US Commerce Department to bolster sagging tourism numbers among international visitors. In additional to using traditional measures applied to tourism advertisements, the study also included items to measure attitudes toward the US government and its people. Pre- and post-viewing results indicated that although the Hollywood-movie-themes commercial was not well received by the Australian students as a tourism message, it did result in more favourable attitudes toward the US government, although not the US people. The findings lend partial support for the potential of tourism advertising efforts to exert a 'bleed-over effect' in terms of their contribution to overall attitudes toward a country, regardless of whether viewers plan to visit the country whose travel advertisements of which they see.

Unlocking the "reminder" potential when viewers pause programs : results from a laboratory test of a new online medium

The branded pause advertisement is a recently developed online television-advertising format that displays a full-screen still-image banner ad whenever a viewer pauses a streaming-video program. This study used a controlled lab experiment to compare the effectiveness of branded pause advertisements with normal online television advertisements. The results demonstrate that branded pause advertisements are effective but only when combined with a long-exposure advertisement for the same brand. Despite their short exposure time, pause advertisements function as effective reminders, building awareness through repeat exposure. The findings of the current study were similar regardless of whether pause advertisements were activated as a result of viewers’ pausing at a time of their own choosing or whether viewers were interrupted.

A perfusion fMRI investigation of thematic and categorical context effects in the spoken production of object names

The context in which objects are presented influences the speed at which they are named. We employed the blocked cyclic naming paradigm and perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the mechanisms responsible for interference effects reported for thematicallyand categorically related compared to unrelated contexts. Naming objects in categorically homogeneous contexts induced a significant interference effect that accumulated from the second cycle onwards. This interference effect was associated with significant perfusion signal decreases in left middle and posterior lateral temporal cortex and the hippocampus. By contrast, thematically homogeneous contexts facilitated naming latencies significantly in the first cycle and did not differ from heterogeneous contexts thereafter, nor were they associated with any perfusion signal changes compared to heterogeneous contexts. These results are interpreted as being consistent with an account in which the interference effect both originates and has its locus at the lexical level, with an incremental learning mechanism adapting the activation levels of target lexical representations following access. We discuss the implications of these findings for accounts that assume thematic relations can be active lexical competitors or assume mandatory involvement of top-down control mechanisms in interference effects during naming.

A test of the extended intergroup contact hypothesis: The mediating role of intergroup anxiety, perceived ingroup and outgroup norms, and inclusion of the outgroup in the self

S. C. Wright, A. Aron, T. McLaughlin-Volpe, and S. A. Ropp (1997) proposed that the benefits associated with cross-group friendship might also stem from vicarious experiences of friendship. Extended contact was proposed to reduce prejudice by reducing intergroup anxiety, by generating perceptions of positive ingroup and outgroup norms regarding the other group, and through inclusion of the outgroup in the self. This article documents the first test of Wright et al.'s model, which used structural equation modeling among two independent samples in the context of South Asian-White relations in the United Kingdom. Supporting the model, all four variables mediated the relationship between extended contact and outgroup attitude, controlling for the effect of direct contact. A number of alternative models were ruled out, indicating that the four mediators operate concurrently rather than predicting one another.

Human resource management practices in the multinational company: A test of system, societal, and dominance effects

Does the use of HRM practices by multinational companies (MNCs) reflect their national origins or are practices similar regardless of context? To the extent that practices are similar, is there any evidence of global best standards? The authors use the system, societal, and dominance framework to address these questions through analysis of 1,100 MNC subsidiaries in Canada, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. They argue that this framework offers a richer account than alternatives such as varieties of capitalism. The study moves beyond previous research by differentiating between system effects at the global level and dominance effects arising from the diffusion of practices from a dominant economy. It shows that both effects are present, as are some differences at the societal level. Results suggest that MNCs configure their HRM practices in response to all three forces rather than to some uniform global best practices or to their national institutional contexts.

Role of early visual cortex in trans-saccadic memory of object features

Early visual cortex (EVC) participates in visual feature memory and the updating of remembered locations across saccades, but its role in the trans-saccadic integration of object features is unknown. We hypothesized that if EVC is involved in updating object features relative to gaze, feature memory should be disrupted when saccades remap an object representation into a simultaneously perturbed EVC site. To test this, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over functional magnetic resonance imaging-localized EVC clusters corresponding to the bottom left/right visual quadrants (VQs). During experiments, these VQs were probed psychophysically by briefly presenting a central object (Gabor patch) while subjects fixated gaze to the right or left (and above). After a short memory interval, participants were required to detect the relative change in orientation of a re-presented test object at the same spatial location. Participants either sustained fixation during the memory interval (fixation task) or made a horizontal saccade that either maintained or reversed the VQ of the object (saccade task). Three TMS pulses (coinciding with the pre-, peri-, and postsaccade intervals) were applied to the left or right EVC. This had no effect when (a) fixation was maintained, (b) saccades kept the object in the same VQ, or (c) the EVC quadrant corresponding to the first object was stimulated. However, as predicted, TMS reduced performance when saccades (especially larger saccades) crossed the remembered object location and brought it into the VQ corresponding to the TMS site. This suppression effect was statistically significant for leftward saccades and followed a weaker trend for rightward saccades. These causal results are consistent with the idea that EVC is involved in the gaze-centered updating of object features for trans-saccadic memory and perception.

Individual differences in risk-taking and associated characteristics : a test of specificity in executive functions /

Multiple measures have been devised by clinicians and theorists from many different backgrounds for the purpose of assessing the influence of the frontal lobes on behaviour. Some utilize self-report measures to investigate behavioural characteristics such as risktaking, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and sensitivity to reward and punishment in an attempt to understand complex human decision making. Others rely more on neuroimaging and electrophysiological investigation involving experimental tasks thought to demonstrate executive functions in action, while other researchers prefer to study clinical populations with selective damage. Neuropsychological models of frontal lobe functioning have led to a greater appreciation of the dissociations among various aspects of prefrontal cortex function. This thesis involves (1) an examination of various psychometric and experimental indices of executive functions for coherence as one would predict on the basis of highly developed neurophysiological models of prefrontal function, particularly those aspects of executive function that involve predominantly cognitive abilities versus processes characterized by affect regulation; and (2) investigation of the relations between risk-taking, attentional abilties and their associated characteristics using a neurophysiological model of prefrontal functions addressed in (1). Late adolescence is a stage in which the prefrontal cortices undergo intensive structural and functional maturational changes; this period also involves increases in levels of risky and sensation driven behaviours, as well as a hypersensitivity to reward and a reduction in inhibition. Consequently, late adolescence spears to represent an ideal developmental period in which to examine these decision-making behaviours due to the maximum variability of behavioural characteristics of interest. Participants were 45 male undergraduate 18- to 19-year olds, who completed a battery of measures that included self-report, experimental and behavioural measures designed to assess particular aspects of prefrontal and executive functioning. As predicted, factor analysis supported the grouping of executive process by type (either primarily cognitive or affective), conforming to the orbitofrontal versus dorsolateral typology; risk-taking and associated characteristics were associated more with the orbitofrontal than the dorsolateral factor, whereas attentional and planning abilities tended to correlate more strongly with the dorsolateral factor. Results are discussed in light of future assessment, investigation and understanding of complex human decision-making and executive functions. Implications, applications and suggestions for future research are also proposed.