Oxidación de los vinos tintos : influencia del pH

Las uvas provenientes de zonas cálidas tienen alto contenido azucarino y baja acidez. Los vinos elaborados con estas uvas tienden a evolucionar muy rápidamente durante su conservación. Uno de los factores que condiciona la velocidad de oxidación es el pH. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron comparar la tendencia a la oxidación de tres vinos de diferente pH (3,34; 4,14 y 4,33), elaborados con la variedad Malbec, de un año de conservación, y verificar la factibilidad de utilizar la prueba de oxidación acelerada para diagnosticar riesgo de oxidación en vinos tintos. Los vinos fueron obtenidos en la Bodega Experimental de las Cátedras de Enología I y II de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; las uvas provinieron del este (vino pH 4,14), del norte (vino pH 4,33) y del sur (vino pH 3,34) de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Los ensayos se realizaron con tres repeticiones. La tendencia a la oxidación fue determinada por medio del test de Singleton y Kramling. Las variables medidas fueron: absorbancia a 420 nm, absorbancia a 520 nm e intensidad colorante. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente por medio del análisis de la varianza, prueba de Tukey, para un 95% de confianza. En los tres vinos existieron diferencias significativas entre las medianas del incremento de intensidad colorante al quinto día. El vino de pH más elevado sufrió un incremento mayor de la intensidad colorante que los vinos de menor pH, lo que implica un mayor riesgo de oxidación. La tendencia a la oxidación de los vinos tintos puede ser evaluada empleando el test de Singleton y Kramling, incorporando algunas modificaciones: i. e. registrar también la absorbancia a 520 nm y, a partir de estos datos, calcular la intensidad colorante. El tiempo de duración de la prueba debe ser reducido a cuatro días.

A Novel Range Test

In a range test, one party holds a ciphertext and needs to test whether the message encrypted in the ciphertext is within a certain interval range. In this paper, a range test protocol is proposed, where the party holding the ciphertext asks another party holding the private key of the encryption algorithm to help him. These two parties run the protocol to implement the test. The test returns TRUE if and only if the encrypted message is within the certain interval range. If the two parties do not conspire, no information about the encrypted message is revealed from the test except what can be deduced from the test result. Advantages of the new protocol over the existing related techniques are that it achieves correctness, soundness, °exibility, high e±ciency and privacy simultaneously.

Comparison of ultrafine particle release from hardcopy devices in emission test chambers and office rooms

The release of ultrafine particles (UFP) from laser printers and office equipment was analyzed using a particle counter (FMPS; Fast Mobility Particle Sizer) with a high time resolution, as well as the appropriate mathematical models. Measurements were carried out in a 1 m³ chamber, a 24 m³ chamber and an office. The time-dependent emission rates were calculated for these environments using a deconvolution model, after which the total amount of emitted particles was calculated. The total amounts of released particles were found to be independent of the environmental parameters and therefore, in principle, they were appropriate for the comparison of different printers. On the basis of the time-dependent emission rates, “initial burst” emitters and constant emitters could also be distinguished. In the case of an “initial burst” emitter, the comparison to other devices is generally affected by strong variations between individual measurements. When conducting exposure assessments for UFP in an office, the spatial distribution of the particles also had to be considered. In this work, the spatial distribution was predicted on a case by case basis, using CFD simulation.

Exchange relationships in building services maintenance activity : a test of transaction cost economics and the resource dependency view

The firm is faced with a decision concerning the nature of intra-organizational exchange relationships with internal human resources and the nature or inter-organizational exchange relationships with market firms. In both situations, the firm can develop an exchange that ranges from a discrete exchange to a relational exchange. Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and the Resource Dependency View (RDV) represent alternative efficiency-based explanations fo the nature of the exchange relationship. The aim of the paper is to test these two theories in respect of air conditioning maintenance in retail centres. Multiple sources of information are genereated from case studies of Australian retail centres to test these theories in respoect of internalized operations management (concerning strategic aspects of air conditioning maintenance) and externalized planned routine air conditioning maintenance. The analysis of the data centres on pattern matching. It is concluded that the data supports TCE - on the basis of a development in TCE's contractual schema. Further research is suggested towards taking a pluralistic stance and developing a combined efficiency and power hypothesis - upon which Williamson has speculated. For practice, the conclusions also offer a timely cautionary note concerning the adoption of one approach in all exchange relationships.