Los espacios turísticos de la Comunidad Valenciana: ¿planificación territorial del turismo o evolución espontánea? Los planes regionales y el caso de Peñíscola

La ordenación territorial es la práctica que resulta imprescindible para organizar el uso turístico del espacio. Sin embargo, el objetivo pendiente de algunas autonomías continúa siendo la interrelación entre planificación territorial y planificación turística, dando paso al urbanismo como técnica de ordenación territorial del turismo. Este estudio plantea determinar si la ordenación territorial del turismo en la Comunidad Valenciana a escala autonómica, local e interrelación entre ambas, se encuentra en una etapa integradora o espontanea, y de igual modo, plasmar la problemática de la conceptualización del turismo desde la perspectiva territorial. Mediante la integración de los catorce indicadores propositivos, que Exceltur extrajo de Planes de Ordenación Territorial de distintas autonomías insulares y del litoral mediterráneo, se comprobaron las buenas prácticas en planificación territorial del turismo de la Estrategia Territorial, el Plan de Espacios Turísticos de la Comunidad Valenciana, así como del Plan General de Ordenación Urbana de Peñíscola. Asimismo un hecho que afecta a la elaboración, redacción y consecución de los planes territoriales y/o turísticos valencianos, es la conceptualización sesgada del término turismo, tal y como muestran los resultados de diversas entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a actores especializados en planificación. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que la planificación territorial del turismo en la Comunidad Valenciana continúa su etapa espontánea, mientras que los municipios mantienen su independencia a la hora de gestionar la ordenación y la gestión territorial del turismo.

Urbanismo ambiental y evaluación estratégica

La tesis doctoral "Urbanismo Ambiental y Evaluación Estratégica" investiga y propone un renovado papel del urbanismo y muy especialmente de la ordenación del territorio como instrumentos no tan sólo de valor para la protección del medio ambiente sino también para la consecución de las políticas hacia un desarrollo sostenible. Con tal fín se reflexiona y potencia la visión/función del suelo como recurso ambiental, también en su función urbanística, y de su mano las consecuencias e interacciones que tal conceptuación puede tener en la Comunidad Europea desde su competencia compartida con los Estados Miembros en materia de medio ambiente, concretamente en su capacidad para incidir, mediante técnicas normativas y no normativas en el urbanismo y la ordenación del territorio en cuanto instrumentos de regulación y ordenación del recurso ambiental suelo. En esta nueva andadura del urbanismo ambientalizado o, si se prefiere, en la carrera hacia el desarrollo urbanístico sostenible, la técnica de evaluación ambiental estratégica de determinados planes y programas se revela como fundamental, especialmente si se consigue que su transposición a los ordenamientos internos de los Estados Miembros se lleve a cabo con pleno respeto a las notas insosyalables defendidas en la tesis de técnica preventiva y no reparativa, dinámica, con capacidad de incidencia en la elección misma del modelo de plan y con miras finalistas a la sostenibilidad. Con ella podrá generalizarse el urbanismo ambiental y acelerarse el proceso de revisión que tienen pendiente las materias de urbanismo y ordenación del territorio desde la nueva concepción del suelo como recurso ambiental y mediante la recepción e integración de los principios ambientalistas.

Coordenação e governança no Programa Territórios da Cidadania: uma análise multi-level a partir do Vale do Ribeira-SP

Poverty in Brazil has been gradually reduced. Among the main reasons, there are public policies for universalization of rights. On the other hand, the municipalities' Human Development Index indicates scenarios of growing inequality. In other words, some regions, basically of rural character, were left behind in that process of development. In 2008, the “Territórios da Cidadania” (Territories of Citizenship) Program was launched by the federal government, under high expectations. It was proposed to develop those regions and to prioritize the arrival of ongoing federal public policies where they were most demanded. The program has shown an innovative arrangement which included dozens of ministries and other federal agencies, state governments, municipalities and collegialities to the palliative management and control of the territory. In this structure, both new and existing jurisdictions came to support the program coordination. This arrangement was classified as an example of multi-level governance, whose theory has been an efficient instrument to understand the intra- and intergovernmental relations under which the program took place. The program lasted only three years. In Vale do Ribeira Territory – SP, few community leaderships acknowledge it, although not having further information about its actions and effects. Against this background, the approach of this research aims to study the program coordination and governance structure (from Vale Territory, considered as the most local level, until the federal government), based on the hypothesis that, beyond the local contingencies in Vale do Ribeira, the layout and implementation of the Territories of Citizenship Program as they were formulated possess fundamental structural issues that hinder its goals of reducing poverty and inequality through promoting the development of the territory. Complementing the research, its specific goal was to raise the program layout and background in order to understand how the relations, predicted or not in its structure, were formulated and how they were developed, with special attention to Vale do Ribeira-SP. Generally speaking, it was concluded that the coordination and governance arrangement of the Territories of Citizenship Program failed for not having developed qualified solutions to deal with the challenges of the federalist Brazilian structure, party politics, sectorized public actions, or even the territory contingencies and specificities. The complexity of the program, the poverty problem proposed to be faced, and the territorial strategy of development charged a high cost of coordination, which was not accomplished by the proposal of centralization in the federal government with internal decentralization of the coordination. As the presidency changed in 2011, the program could not present results that were able to justify the arguments for its continuation, therefore it was paralyzed, lost its priority status, and the resources previously invested were redirected.

Identidade, distinção e territorialização: o processo de (re)criação camponesa no Mato Grosso do Sul

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

O aqueduto das águas livres como elemento dinamizador e regenerador do eixo Lisboa-Sintra

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura. Assuntos:

Estrategias territoriales participativas como instrumentos de diagnóstico y prospectiva, en el contexto europeo de los Fondos de Cohesión 2014–2020: el caso de Villena (Alicante)

Las Estrategias Territoriales de carácter participado, se han convertido en el instrumento válido para diagnosticar las necesidades de un territorio. La Unión Europea obliga la aplicación de esta herramienta en el nuevo contexto del periodo 2014–2020. En el municipio de Villena (Alicante), se realizó una estrategia territorial integrada, desde hace dos años que ha derivado en un foro económico social, a través del proceso de abajo-arriba. El estudio de caso avala que la ciudadanía sí que es importante y ha participado activamente en una planificación estratégica ya que los nuevos tiempos, en el contexto del desarrollo local, así lo determinan. Se establecen las fases de aplicación, la metodología utilizada y también los resultados obtenidos.

A EMERGÊNCIA DO CAPITALISMO FERROVIÁRIO NA EUROPA E NO BRASIL NA SEGUNDA METADE DO SÉCULO XIX

O objetivo desta comunicação é apresentar algumas reflexões sobre o processo de implantação da malha ferroviária na Europa e no Brasil na segunda metade do século XIX. Primeiramente, pretende-se remontar, em linhas gerais, o processo de construção da rede ferroviária, mostrando os principais elementos e informações sobre as redes nacionais, acompanhados de um relato do processo de crescimento e fusão das empresas de estrada de ferro. Em segundo lugar, pretende discutir como a construção da malha de ferrovias se inseriu dentro da dinâmica do capitalismo emergente na Europa e no Brasil, analisando o papel do Estado e as estratégias territoriais das grandes empresas de estrada de ferro em cada região.Abstract: The focal point of this work is a reflection about the implantation of the railway network in Europe and Brasil at the second half of XX Century. First, the idea is to recuperate the construction’s process, showing references about the national network and making a relate of the development and fusion of the railroad’s enterprises. In the second place, the objective is a discussion about the relation between the implantation of the net and the capitalism emergent, evaluating the role of the State and the territorial strategy of the enterprises in each region.

Territorial administrative reorganization as a strategy for optimizing the structure of local government

Through the tough economic and social situation and the lack of values that has been experienced in recent years, local governments especially in Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain have been forced to strongly consider the structure and size of their public sector. Despite some initiative to reduce the number of municipalities and provinces, little substantive progress has been made in improving the management of the local public Administration during this crisis. In this study a territorial administrative reorganization is proposed as a strategy to optimize the structure of local government, analyzing the Spanish situation in general, and an autonomous community in particular.

The Territorial Dimension: The Component of Business Strategy that Prevents the Generation of Social Conflicts

Taking advantage of economic opportunities has led to numerous conflicts between society and business in various geographies of the world. Companies have developed social responsibility programs to prevent and manage these types of problems. However, some authors comment that these programs lack a strategic vision. Starting with the Working with People model, created for the field of rural development planning, this paper proposes a methodology to prevent the generation of social conflicts from business strategy: the territorial dimension. The proposal emphasizes that local development support prevents the generation of social conflicts. Finally, an experience in Peru, a country that has been characterized in recent years by high economic growth and also by the presence of social conflicts that have stopped entrepreneurship is analyzed.

A Sustainable Development Strategy for the Pyrenees-Mediterranean Euroregion: Basic Guidelines

L'estudi presenta té per objecte formular els requisits necessaris per posar en marxa una estratègia per al desenvolupament sostenible de l'Euroregió Pirineus-Mediterrània. Aquest és un projecte de cooperació transfronterera regional promogut per l'expresident de la Generalitat, Honorable Sr Pasqual Maragall, que, a més de Catalunya, inclou Aragó, Illes Balears, Llenguadoc-Rosselló i Migdia-Pirineus. A la Unió Europea hi ha més de 70 euroregions, que han estat en funcionant per diferents periodes de temps, després d'haver estat creat per regions o entitats locals, o ambdós

Identidad territorial y promoción turística: la organización de eventos como estrategia de creación, consolidación y difusión de la imagen de marca del territorio

La organización de un evento resulta paradigmática en el proceso de construcción de imágenes territoriales vividas in situ. La fabricación de imágenes territoriales - turísticas o no- con motivo de la organización de un evento para su posterior consolidación en el imaginario colectivo de los asistentes, plantea una curiosa alternativa de promoción turística implícita en la propia estrategia de gestión del evento. En efecto, no cabe duda de que el evento, por sí mismo, representa una importante estrategia de promoción del territorio, pero hay más; también puede devenir a modo de catalizador de imágenes, de creador de imaginarios capaces de fijar una marca de ciudad en su conjunto. El presente artículo dará a conocer las posibilidades que se desprenden de la organización de un evento en relación al posicionamiento identitario y promocional de un territorio.

From the Olympic dream to a down to earth approach: Lausanne's sports events hosting strategy

In the context of globalized competition among territories, cities, regions and countries have to find new ways to be attractive to companies, investors, tourists and residents. In that perspective, major sports events (such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup) are often seen as a lever for territorial development. Based on that idea, many sports events hosting strategies have emerged in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the growing competition in the sports events' market and the gigantism of those major events, forced some territories to turn to smaller events. This necessary resize of their strategy raises the question of their capacity to meet the initial objectives, which aim usually at developing the economy and promoting the image of the host destination. This essay sketches out the evolution of a sports events hosting strategy in a city that does not have the resources (either financial, human or in terms of infrastructures) to attract major international sports events. The challenges they have to face and a possible solution based on the event portfolio perspective are discussed through the article.

Identidad territorial y promoción turística: la organización de eventos como estrategia de creación, consolidación y difusión de la imagen de marca del territorio

Gertakizun baten antolaketa paradigmatikoa da in situ bizi izandako lurraldeirudien eraikuntza-prozesuan. Parte-hartzaileen imaginario kolektiboan finkatzeko helburuaz antolatutako gertakizunak direla eta, fabrikatutako lurralde-irudiek – turistikoak zein bestelakoak– sustapen turistikorako alternatiba bitxia planteatzen dute, gertakizunaren kudeaketa-estrategian bertan dagoena. Izan ere, gertakizunak, berez, lurraldearen sustapenerako estrategia garrantzitsua adierazten du; are gehiago, irudien katalizatzaile ere bihur daiteke, eta bere osotasunean hiri-marka bat finkatzeko gai diren imaginarioak sor ditzake. Artikulu honetan, identitate-posizionamenduari eta lurralde-sustapenari dagokienean, gertakizun baten antolaketak eskeintzen dituen aukerak ezagutarazten dira.

EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region: its added value in environmental social and economic dimensions

The European Council has invited the European Commission to present the first macro-regional strategy – the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) on the 14th of December 2007, primarily to address collective challenges and opportunities of the Region and also to engender cohesion in support of an European integration policy. However, macro-regional strategies conceived to aid European integration and territorial cohesion were viewed by academics with skepticism, obscuring the strategies’ potential impact. This thesis intends to investigate and measure the added value of the EUSBSR in order to analyze its impact on regional development and its feasibility as a guide for future programs intending to strengthen European cohesion and integration. To determine the added value of the EUSBSR the thesis is organized into three sections, so as to address environmental, social, and economic concerns, respectively. The first case examines EU-Russia cooperation in an environmental context to investigate how environmental cooperation with an external neighbor could forge increased cohesion in a macro-regional setting. To figure the added cooperation that academic cooperation among universities would contribute to social dimension, the work has chosen several study results. Lastly, to measure out the added value for the economic strategy objective, the study employs the project for Improved Global Competitiveness in an example of ‘A Baltic Sea Region Program for Innovation, Cluster and SME-Networks’ as an economic plan.