588 resultados para Terrenos Precambrianos
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It is presently assumed that the Borborema Province resulted from a complex collisional process associated with the convergent movement of plates, possibly involving amalgamation and accretion of microplates. This process was consolidated at the end of the Brasiliano event. It is investigated the possible limits for the tectonostratigraphic terranes in the northern portion of the province based on an integrated study of geological and gravity data. The study area comprises the portion of the Borborema Province located north of the Patos Lineament, limited by longitudes 33º00 W and 43º29 44"W and latitudes 1º36 S and 8º00 S. A revision of the regional geology allowed to identify areas presenting contrasting geological attributes, possibly representing different terranes whose limits are always shear zones of Brasiliano-age. The Sobral-Pedro II shear zone is the only one undoubtedly presenting geological attributes of sutures zones. The other shear zones are very likely associated with a geodinymic context of accretion, involving oblique collisions (docking), transcurrent and/or transforming sutures, and deep intracrustal shear zones. The gravity data contributed as a tool to identify strong lateral contrasts of density inside the upper crust possibly associated with crustal blocks tectonically juxtaposed. The dominant long wavelength anomaly in the Bouguer anomaly map is an expressive gradient, grossly parallel to the continental margin, caused by density variation across the crust-mantle interface in the transition from the continental crust to the oceanic crust originated by the separation between South America and Africa. Medium to small wavelength anomalies are due to intracrustal heterogeneities such as different Precambrian crustal blocks, Brasiliano-age granites and Mesozoic sedimentary basins. A regional-residual separation of the Bouguer anomaly map was performed in order to enhance in the residual map the effect due to intracrustal heterogeneities. The methodology used for this separation was a robust polinomial fitting. The inversion of residual gravity field resulted in a density contrast map (Δρ), in an equivalent layer that provided more accurated anomalies contours and consolidated the model which the sources of residual anomalies are located in the upper part of the present crust. Based on the coincidence of gravity lineaments in the residual map and Brasiliano shear zones, and using additional geological information, the following shear zones are proposed as limits between terranes: Patos shear zone, Sobral-Pedro II shear zone, Picuí-João Câmara shear zone, Remígio-Pocinhos shear zone, Senador Pompeu shear zone, Tauá shear zone, and Portalegre shear zone. Based on the geological/geophysical information it is attributed a higher level of confidence to the first three proposed limits(Patos, Sobral Pedro II, and Picuí-João Câmara shear zones). From west to east, these shear zones individualize the following terranes: Northwest of Ceará terrane, Central Ceará terrane, Tauá terrane, Orós-Jaguaribe terrane, Seridó terrane, and São José de Campestre terrane. In our study, the Rio Piranhas and Patos terranes are questioned because their previously proposed limits do not present good geological and gravimetric evidences. On the other hand, the previously proposed Cearense terrane is now subdivided into Central Ceará and Tauá terranes. Two residual gravity profiles located in the Seridó belt were interpreted using 2 ½ D direct gravity modeling. The main result of the modeling process is that all anomalies, with the exception of one, can be explained by outcroppring bodies, therefore restricted to the upper part of the present crust
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O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a lagoa de Jacarepaguá e a ocupação no seu entorno de forma multitemporal, contribuindo para o melhor entendimento das atuais condições ambientais da Baixada de Jacarepaguá. A metodologia adotada buscou identificar mudanças físicas do meio a partir 1980 através da elaboração, comparação e análise de mapas de ocupação e uso dos solos relativos aos anos de 1984, 1992, 2001 e 2010, e da identificação da qualidade da água da lagoa de Jacarepaguá, das suas condições de profundidade, tamanho do espelho dágua e de sua relação com a população local. Com isso foi possível retratar formas de integração entre os processos naturais e sociais em um dado espaço-tempo assim como estabelecer tendências futuras desse ambiente. Os resultados mostram que de tempos em tempos há uma refuncionalização do espaço, que se reflete não só na conformação dos terrenos marginais alagadiços mas também nas condições físicas da própria lagoa de Jacarepaguá. Seu espelho dágua vem sendo confinado pelas formas de ocupação nas áreas das bacias fluviais e nos seus terrenos marginais (impermeabilização, aterros e obras de drenagem) fazendo com que haja uma estabilidade relativa na sua dimensão areal e também no volume de suas águas. A lagoa apresenta dados históricos de poluição por esgoto doméstico que têm acelerado suas condições naturais de assoreamento e comprometido à qualidade de suas águas. E mesmo havendo projetos e obras de saneamento para o local, verifica-se que tem havido um aumento da poluição da lagoa principalmente na sua porção oeste, conforme o resultado das análises realizadas com os dados temporais disponíveis de DBO, fósforo, Nitrogênio Kj, OD e salinidade. Isto pode ser explicado pela tendência atual da expansão urbana rumo a essa direção. Constatou-se que apesar de, por algum tempo, os tipos de terreno terem condicionado as formas de ocupação, atualmente o processo se inverteu, sendo a ocupação indutora e recondicionante da estruturação do meio. São apresentadas e caracterizadas diversas formas e respectivos tipos de usos do solo na área. Conclui-se que as condições ambientais da lagoa de Jacarepaguá e suas perspectivas futuras dependem atualmente mais da forma com que a sociedade quer e pretende incorpora-la ao seu ambiente do que da dinâmica natural do sistema físico do qual faz parte.
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Em trabalho de prospecção geoquímica regional por concentrado de bateia (PEREIRA e SANTOS, 1983) foi evidenciado na região de Cacaria, município de Piraí, ocorrências de scheelita. Com o objetivo de investigar a possível fonte litológica desta ocorrência, foram realizadas amostragens de sedimentos de corrente e concentrado de bateia além de investigações de campo para sua fonte. Elaborouse ainda um mapa geológico em escala de detalhe 1:25.000. As unidades estratigráficas base utilizadas no mapa foram definidas em trabalhos da empresa RIOFINEX (1977) durante pesquisas para mineralizações de Pb-Zn na região de Rio Claro. Ensaios laboratoriais envolvendo descrição de lâminas petrográficas, difratometria de raios X, fluorescência de raios X, espectrometria Raman, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e o auxílio do mineralight de ondas curtas. As mineralizações scheelitíferas encontradas foram classificadas segundo um modelo do tipo sedimentar exalativo, localmente com possíveis contribuições de atividades metassomáticas tardias, concentrando a mineralização, assim como proposto para algumas ocorrências já descritas no nordeste brasileiro.
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Se expone el proyecto de la Junta de la Ciudad Universitaria de transformar los terrenos donde se han de instalar las Facultades y Escuelas Superiores. El proyecto, redactado por dos profesores de la Escuela Especial de Ingenieros de Montes, aprovechará los desniveles topográficos y contribuirá a la regeneración forestal de la Ciudad Universitaria. El plan comprende: iniciación, desarrollo y final, de reposición de marras para los trabajos de cada perímetro y se necesitarán unos siete años para su total ejecución.
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Esta dissertação tem corno terna a atuação da Administração Pública na gerencia de conflitos urbanos, em tempos de abertura política, atuando sob pressão da imprensa e das massas. o caso estudado gira em torno destes elementos: o movimento de invasões ocorrido no município do Rio de Janeiro, em 1983; as respostas da Administração Pública chefiada pelo 1Q Governador eleito, por sufrágio direto, desde 1965; e as críticas da imprensa. A exposição se divide em três partes. Na 1ª parte (Introdução) o autor demonstra a for ça nova do movimento de invasões, a antiguidade dos problemas habitacionais da cidade e os limites político~deológicos que condicionaram a estratégia da Administração·pública, da imprensa e dos próprios invasores. No método, o autor propõe urna interpretação gene raiizante e flexível (eminentemente qualitativa) para compreensão dos acontecimentos recortados nos primeiros 100 dias do novo governo. O referencial teórico foi baseado em conceitos contidos na Teoria Geral dos Sistemas de Ludwig von Bertalanffy, principalmente os relativos aos sistemas abertos, cibernéticos e à teoria dos jogos. A pesquisa consistiu basicamente em coleta de re gistros (reportagens) dos principais jornais da cidade, observações pessoais do autor em contatos diretos com invasores e autoridades governamentais, além do estudo geográfico das condições estáticas da região mais invadida da cidade. A 29 parte descreve a evolução das intervenções governamentais .em disputa estratégica com outros Sistemas Políticos (imprensa e invasores), num jogo que objetiva legitimar as respectivas posições perante a Opinião Pública. A evolução deste jogo está dividida em três capítulos, ditados pelo ciclo vital do movimento invasor: ascenção, crise e declínio. Na 3ª parte o autor conclui pela eficiência dos Sistemas Políticos Abertos, em termos de política habitacional para população de baixa-renda, comparando-a, após pequeno retrospecto histórico, com a ineficácia do planejamento laboratorial, regido pela racionalidade dos Sistemas Fechados.
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O agronegócio é uma das atividades mais importantes para a economia brasileira, e um dos principais custos para a produção de commodities agrícolas é a terra para o cultivo. Desta forma, a precificação de terrenos agrícolas mostra-se um importante elemento para o investidor decidir pela entrada ou não nesta indústria. Uma forma de precificar o terreno é assumir que seu preço equivale ao valor da opção que o investidor tem em entrar neste mercado. Considerando incertezas envolvidas na produção de commodities, como o preço do grão no momento da venda, a produtividade da terra e o próprio custo de produção, o valor do terreno foi calculado através de duas abordagens: Fluxo de Caixa Descontado, considerando que o agricultor escolherá no início do investimento qual cultura plantará e não mudará esta escolha, e Opções Reais, adicionando a flexibilidade do agricultor decidir por qual cultura plantar a cada safra. No estudo foram consideradas as culturas de milho, soja e a rotação entre soja e milho safrinha. Para isto, foi utilizado um modelo de preços para a soja e milho com comportamento estocástico da volatilidade e saltos aleatórios em datas determinadas, além de correlação entre a aleatoriedade dos preços. Os resultados mostram que utilizando ambas as metodologias chega-se a um valor que se aproxima ao valor de mercado observado para as terras, porém a metodologia de Opções Reais agrega valor ao terreno de forma significativa e consistente próxima a 11%.
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This work has as its theme the social function of terrenos de marinha. Theresearch universe is the terrenos de marinha of Natal coastline, focusing on thefulfillment of its social function. Prescribed by law since the colonial period with thepurpose of protecting the coast and free movement of people and goods, theywere swathes of land not available to private use by individuals. With the transitionfrom the allotments system to the purchase and sale, regard to land access,crystallized with the creation of the Land Law in the nineteenth century, the land isheld as merchandise and terrenos de marinha, following this logic, also acquireexchange value and become capable of enjoyment by private individuals, with thecondition of tax payments to the state. This is seen until the twentieth century,when in 1988, primarily because of the Federal Constitution promulgation, begins anew cycle when is possible to use on terrenos de marinha the principle of thesocial function of property. From this perspective this study aims to identify thesocial function of terrenos de marinha in Natal, focusing on the public destinationand the use value of the city coastline. To this end, it was made a data collection inthe on-line information system of the Federal Heritage Department of Rio Grandedo Norte (SPU / RN) and in the terrenos de marinha areas, in order to find out ifthey had public or private use, or if they were empty lots, as well as if thepopulation access to the shore exist. Interviews with managers of the SPU weremade. The empirical study showed that the social function of terrenos de marinhain the city of Natal still didn´t happen, considering the constant existence of vacantlots in their areas, the lack of access in significant portions of the coastline and thereduced areas directed to common use along the coastline, minimizing its potentialof enjoyment by the population. It concludes by pointing to the existence of a newtransition phase on the terrenos de marinha, in witch, gradually, come up lawprovisions in the legal system and public policies to expand the purely taxcollection function attributed to this land for two centuries. In this direction, thesocial function of terrenos de marinha is embodied in concomitant adjustment ofthe tax collection function and the rescue of coastline use value, national heritageand a place for sociability and social relations development
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This thesis aims to advance in the geological knowledge of the region comprising the Piancó-Alto Brígida (TPAB) and Alto pajeú (TAP) terranes, in the Transversal Zone Domain (Borborema Province, NE Brazil), with the main objective of understanding the geodynamic evolution and the structural framework of these units. To reach this objective, and besides field work and interpretation of traditional aerial photographs, other tools were employed like of remote sensing products (Landsat 7 ETM+, aeroradiometrics, aeromagnetics and topographical images), lithogeochemical (whole rock) analyses and geochronological dating (U-Pb in zircon), besides integration with literature data. In the area, several precambrian geological units outcrop, represented in the TAP by the paleoproterozoic Serra Talhada and Afogados da Ingazeira complexes, Riacho Gravatá Complex (metavolcano-sedimentary sequence of Stenian-Tonian age) and Cariris Velhos orthogneisses (of Tonian age). The TPAB comprises the Santana do Garrote (lower unit) and Serra do Olho d'Água (upper unit) formations of the Cachoeirinha Group (Neoproterozoic III), besides the Piancó orthogneisses and Bom Jesus paragneisses; the latter correspond to an older (basement ?) block and a possible high grade equivalent of the Cachoeirinha Group (or Seridó Group ?), respectively. Several Brasiliano-age plutons occur in both terranes.The aeromagnetic data show the continuity, at depth, of the main shear zones mapped in the region. The Patos, Pernambuco, Boqueirão dos Cochos, Serra do Caboclo, Afogados da Ingazeira/Jabitacá and Congo-Cruzeiro do Nordeste shear zones reach depths greater than to 6-16 km. The aeromagnetic signature of other shear zones, like the Juru one, suggests that these structures correspond to shallower crustal features. The satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+) and aerogamaspectrometric images discriminate different geological units, contributing to the mapping of the structural framework of the region. The Serra do Caboclo Shear Zone was characterized as the boundary/suture between the TPAB and TAP. This structure is an outstanding, pervasive feature that separates contrasting geological units, such as the Neoproterozoic III Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB and the Riacho Gravatá Complex and the Cariris Velhos metaplutonics, of Stenian-Tonian age, in the TAP. Occupying different blocks, these units are not found in authoctonous relations, like unconformities and intrusive contacts. Concerning the Cariris Velhos (ca. 1,0 Ga old) event is recorded by radiometric ages of the Riacho Gravatá Complex metavolcanics and intrusive augen and orthogneisses, all of them displaying geochemical affinities of arc or collisional settings. A structural signature of this event was not recorded in the region, possibly due to its low grade/low strain style, obliterated by the overprinting of younger, higher grade/high strain Brasiliano-age fabrics.The first tectonic event (D1) observed in the Cariris Velhos lithotypes presents contractional kinematics with transport to the NW. Neoproterozoic III geochronologic dates, obtained in late-D1 granitoids, imply a Brasiliano age (ca. 610-600 Ma) for this deformation event. The second tectonic event (D2) characterized in the region corresponds to the Brasiliano transcurrent kinematics of the outstanding shear zones and associated granitoid plutons. The geochronological (U-Pb in zircon) data obtained during this thesis also confirms the occurrence of the Cariris Velhos magmatic suite in the TAP, as well as the Neoproterozoic III age to the Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB. The TAP (Riacho Gravatá Complex, augen and orthogneisses) is interpreted as a continental arc possibly accreted to a microcontinent during the Cariris Velhos (Stenian-Tonian) event. Later on, this terrane collided with the TPAB at the beginning of the Brasiliano orogeny (D1 contractional deformation), and both domins were reworked by the transcurrent shear deformation of the D2 event
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Hydrogeological prospecting in Northeast Brazil and in other crystalline terrains has been developed on the basis of structural and regional geology concepts that date back to the 50-60 decades and, as such, demand a natural re-evaluation and update. In this kind of terrain, the percolation and accumulation of ground water are controlled by fractures and other types of discontinuities, such as foliations and geological contacts that, through weathering, impart porosity and permeability to the rocks, allowing water flow and storage. Several factors should be considered in the process of locating water wells, as discussed in the literature. Among these, the kind of structures, fracture geometry (including aperture and connectivity) and their geological and chronological context. It is important to correlate fracture systems with the regional neotectonic framework. Fractures at low angle (sub parallel) with the principal stress axis (s1) are those which tend to open (actually they work as tension joints) and, in principle, would present major hydric potential; in the opposite side, fractures at high angle to s1 would behave as closed by a compressional component. Fractures diagonal to the compression and tension axes correspond to shear fractures and, due to their connectivity with second fractures, are also important in terms of hydric potential. Uplift followed by terrain denudation leads to decompression and a general tendency to open (aided by weathering processes) fractures and other rock discontinuities, at different orientations. Low angle fractures, formed in this context, are equally important to increase connectivity, collection of water and recharge of the aquifer systems. In a general way, an opening component (neotectonic or by terrain decompression) and several models to increase fracture connectivity correlate with a greater hydric potential of these structures. Together with parallel research, this thesis addresses models of ground water occurrence in crystalline terrains, either improving well established concepts like the (Riacho-Fenda model), but also stressing other possibilities, like the role of alluvium and paleo-regoliths (the Calha Elúvio-Aluvionar model) and of strongly altered, permo-porous zones placed at variable depths below the present surface, flanking several types of discontinuities, especially interconnected fracture arrays (the Bolsões de Intemperismo model). Different methodological approaches are also discussed in order to improve success rates in the location of water wells in crystalline terrains. In this methodological review, a number of case studies were selected in the eastern domain of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, involving the localities of Santa Cruz, Santo Antônio, Serrinha, Nova Cruz, Montanhas, Lagoa de Pedras and Lagoa Salgada. Besides the neotectonic analysis of brittle structures, this Thesis addresses the validation of remote sensing as a tool for ground water prospecting. Several techniques were tested in order to detect and select areas with higher potential for ground water accumulation, using Landsat 5-TM and RADARSAT images, besides conventional aerial photos. A number of filters were tested to emphasize lineaments in the images, improving their discrimination, to identify areas with higher overburden humidity, which could reflect subsurface water accumulation, as well as alluvium and other sedimentary covers that might act as recharge zones. The work started with a regional analysis with the orbital images, followed by analysis of aerial photos, up to a detailed structural study of rock exposures in the terrain. This last step involved the analysis of outcrops surrounding wells (in a ray of approximately 10 to 100 m) with distinct productivities, including dry examples. At the level required for detail, it was not possible to accomplish a statistical approach using the available well data catalogs, which lack the desired specific information. The methodology worked out in this Thesis must undergo a testing phase through location of new water wells. An increase in the success rates as desired will led to a further consolidation step with wider divulgation of the methodology to private companies and governmental agencies involved in ground water prospecting in crystalline terrains