985 resultados para Terapia comunitária integrativa
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This research, which appears in the form of a dissertation, entitled: Integrative Therapy Community: construction of a listening space to health care workers in primary care, addresses the Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) as a tool to create meeting spaces between health professionals where they can be receptive among one another. With the completion of this study aimed to analyze the ICT as a therapeutic approach and space of listening and speaking for health professionals cited here in order to identify their anxieties, doubts, worries and uncertainties arising from the context of labor relations and the impact of therapeutic experiences under the view of the participants. It was developed as an action-science research, involving several steps. The field of research was the ICT meetings of workers from the units under the Family Health Strategy of Northern Health Districts I and II of the city of Natal, using a qualitative approach. The interpretation of data collected was based on content analysis proposed by Bardin. Finally, this study showed the ICT as a space for dialogue and sharing, with repercussions on labor relations and expansions beyond the ICT meetings, reaching out to family and social relationships, contributing to creating bonds and solidarity networks. Under the view of the participants it was recognized as an experience that optimized the socialization, promoting the alleviation of suffering and increasing the well-being. Based on the study findings, it is inferred that ICT can be considered a viable tool for the receptiveness and humanized care of health care workers.
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Before the scenario full of criticism about a medical model that gives privilege to the diseases and not to the diseased, there are many arguments that defend the need of redeem the humanized relationship between doctor and patient. It became indispensable to mold during the medical graduation a professional capable of perform a special care, less instrumental and more humanized; however, even though the advances of the pedagogical program of the medical graduation, we still face numerous challenges in the process of molding. This study has as general goal to understand if the students medicine experience with the Integrative Community Therapy (TCI) at the Primary Attention – APS/Family Healthy Strategy-ESF, presents potential to configure itself while strategy of teaching-learning to the integral and humanized care. It was held a qualitative research with the students of the medical graduation from the tenth to the twelfth semester that had experience with the TCI, as part of the Boarding of Family and Community Medicine – MFC. We used interviews with script and we resorted to analyze the narratives to Gadamerian Hermeneutics. It was possible to find that before join the boarding of MFC, the students were unaware the TCI and their preconceptions lined up with depreciated character. The experience with the TCI enabled the reframing of the prejudices and the build of new concepts. Internship in ESF and participate of TCI revealed potential to learning of the humanized care by the practical exercise with experiences that privilege the built of ties; the autonomy of the patient; the fulfillment of the longitudinality at the care of the patient; the acknowledgment of the power of resilience of the patients, at the strength of the collective, at the pain sharing, at the strength of a good communication, at the gains of qualified listening exercise. The absence of models of what to do was replaced by experiences of pains and joys at the learning of becoming a doctor. The pains spoke of the structural difficulties (inputs), at the get along with the socials vulnerabilities of the users and the difficult of perform a good communication with the patients. The joys were experienced at the finding of the humanized care exercise. Questions as structural difficulties, low number of people with TCI degree, a shortly experience of with TCI, show up as limitations to its utilization as pedagogical tool. In turn, the reflective potential is capable of cause resignifications about the know-how before the pain of the other being very much present at the narratives, signaling the potential of the learning of TCI. Therefore, this study advocate that the participation of the students at the TCI, beyond the power of offering the students a teaching-learning strategy to the humanized care, represents the possibility of enlarge the horizons of those future doctors at a glance much more conscious of the difficulties and potential of a professional at the ESF, contributing to the graduation of more sensitized professionals and prepared to perform an integral and humanized approach of the person and his/her community, contributing to an APS/ESF more resolute and rewarding to everyone.
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A busca por um modelo democrático de saúde despertou a atenção do governo brasileiro para o estabelecimento de prioridades e estratégias, que impulsionaram a implantação do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF), atualmente denominada Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), a fim de aproximar a equipe de saúde da comunidade e, assim, implementar ações de promoção da saúde e de prevenção do adoecimento. Nessa perspectiva a Terapia Comunitária (TC) emerge como uma tecnologia de cuidado voltada à saúde mental na Atenção Básica de Saúde. Desde 2007, a TC vem sendo desenvolvida no município de João Pessoa/PB por profissionais da ESF: enfermeiras, agentes comunitários de saúde, médicos, odontólogos, fisioterapeutas, nutricionistas, psicólogos, entre outros. O estudo teve como objetivos: avaliar a satisfação dos usuários em relação à TC na Atenção Básica no município de João Pessoa/PB; medir o nível de satisfação dos participantes da TC em relação a essa ferramenta do cuidado; identificar elementos importantes para a satisfação em relação à TC por parte dos usuários. Trata-se de um estudo avaliativo, transversal e observacional, realizado no período de maio a agosto de 2009. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados a Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação dos Usuários com os Serviços de Saúde Mental Satis-BR, bem como um instrumento de perguntas complementares utilizado pelos terapeutas comunitários. Os resultados revelaram que dos 198 (100%) entrevistados, 105 (53%) verbalizaram satisfação e 93 (47%) muita satisfação nos encontros de TC, o que evidencia que a totalidade da amostra está satisfeita com a terapia. Os elementos importantes que concorreram para a satisfação dos usuários da TC foram: respeito, dignidade, escuta, compreensão, acolhimento, apoio nas necessidades e boas instalações dos locais onde ocorre a terapia. A TC vem fortalecendo o cuidado à saúde mental, por se constituir como uma tecnologia de prevenção e fortalecendo a porta de entrada para a rede de saúde mental e de apoio psicossocial. Conclui-se, portanto, que a TC vem se destacando como instrumento de inclusão da saúde mental na Atenção Básica no atendimento aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde
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The Community Therapy (CT) is in a practice of therapeutic effect and may also be considered as a technology takes care of the therapeutic procedure group, whose purpose is to promote health, prevent illness, developed within primary care in mental health. In this study we sought to understand the social representations of health professionals who work with the Community Therapy, on use of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city of Joao Pessoa. This is a field research with a qualitative view Moscovician Theory of Social Representations, held with seven professionals of the FHS, therapists of Community Health District II. The empirical data were obtained by carrying out two thematic therapies in April 2009, which were wheeled CT. It was used as a technique for analyzing the collective subject discourse, and the data presented through graphs, charts, maps, pictures and graphics and arranged in three stages: Subjects of the study, characterizing the study participants; Social Representations of Therapist Community presenting and discussing the social representations of therapists community studied on CT, and Consequences of Community Therapy at the Family Health Strategy, discussing the meanings attributed by the study participants about changes in FHS. Meanings were attributed to the CT by the therapists studied originated from the speeches, songs, drawings and constructed, and that presented by schematic illustration show the relation between the representations: life, listening, faith / light, change, transformation. The web, symbol of CT, appeared on the images constructed by the representatives of the study and represents the formation of bonds that allows the construction of social support networks that strengthen relationships among community. In the study, proved by professionals who have the meanings about the changes in the work process from the introduction of CT, and shown that the change took place within a more welcoming attitude on the part of professionals, the relationship between Team members had no significant changes, explained by the low compliance of team members to the CT in relation to the user front, the bond was strengthened, and this involved strengthening the role of the therapist community. It is recognized, thereby transforming the character of CT in building links with users, requiring, however, that the team is viewed as offering therapeutic services, not the professional therapist. Therefore, the CT for being a new phenomenon in health services and community belonging, it fits like a novelty which affects the construction of a representation dispute. Still, can contribute to the reorganization of mental health care in line with the new model of mental health care advocated by the Psychiatric Reform.
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Os Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC), especialmente ansiedade e depressão, são altamente prevalentes, independentemente das dificuldades com a sua classificação. Na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), representada no Brasil pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), essas condições são pouco detectadas e tratadas, o que resulta em sobrecarga para pacientes, famílias e comunidades, além de prejuízos sociais e econômicos. Tal situação pode ser atenuada integrando-se cuidados de saúde mental à atenção básica. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se identificar e analisar as intervenções psicossociais voltadas para o cuidado do sofrimento psíquico e dos TMC atualmente empregadas na APS, no Brasil e no exterior. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura nacional e internacional através das bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS/BVS. As intervenções identificadas foram reunidas em dois grupos. No primeiro, incluíram-se as intervenções com formato tradicional em que um profissional graduado conduz o tratamento presencialmente, enquanto no segundo grupo foram alocados os arranjos diferenciados em que o contato com o profissional é reduzido e seu papel é mais o de facilitar do que de liderar o tratamento, tal como nas intervenções com o uso de mão de obra leiga em saúde, suporte ao autocuidado, e sistemas automatizados ou pacotes de tratamento informatizados oferecidos via internet. Teoricamente, Terapia Interpessoal, Terapia Cognitivo-comportamental e Terapia de Solução de Problemas embasaram as intervenções. Na APS internacional, as intervenções são breves e bastante estruturadas, incluindo um plano de ação definido em um manual de aplicação. Na Estratégia de Saúde da Família destacaram-se as intervenções grupais e a Terapia Comunitária, modelo especialmente desenvolvido por brasileiros. Verificou-se que os TMC ganham visibilidade à medida que a APS se consolida no território e próxima à população. No exterior, a integração da saúde mental na APS é um processo em consolidação e há crescente tecnificação das intervenções psicossociais, enquanto, no Brasil, a aproximação da APS com a ESF é recente e não há um padrão de atuação consolidado. Resultados insuficientes ou controversos impediram concluir quais são as melhores intervenções, porém a alta prevalência dos TMC e o potencial de cuidado do setor da APS exigem que as pesquisas continuem.
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The Primary Health Care and one of its main strategies, the Family Health Strategy (ESF), are framed as the gateway to the Public Health System (SUS). Thus, most of the incident and prevalent health problems in the population attended should be solved at this level of care, including psychological suffering, and the so-called complaint of nerves. Nerves and nervous denote a complexity that is not always well comprehended by health workers, in such a way that the care to this kind of problem is usually inadequate. In this line of thought, the general objective of this study is to analyze the network of discourses and the care to the psychological suffering, expressed as nerves, in SUS daily Primary Health Care. Besides and more specifically, it aims at identifying the principles and guidelines of the Primary Health Care in mental health; to investigate health workers positioning before psychological suffering and complaints of nerves, and also analyze different actions and practices of care carried out in different Health Units towards complaints like nerves. Institutional Ethnography was the theoreticalmethodological perspective adopted for the work. This approach seeks to understand and analyze the institutional relationships in a particular context considering sociostructural influences and power relations, as well as daily discourses and practices. Based on interviews with health professionals, informal conversations and observations in six Health Units with ESF teams from different sanitary districts in Natal/RN, it was possible to check that the index of complaint of nerves is high. The referral to psychologists and psychiatrists, as well as the prescription of psychotropic drugs appear as the most common intervention at this level of care. In general, the participants complain that they have poor specialized knowledge about the theme of mental health. They face the problem of bad work conditions and the lack of institutional support, which make actions of illnesses prevention and health promotion even more difficult. Besides, there are different ongoing practices such as meetings for hypertensive and aged people, walk, visit, round-table discussions and community therapy. However, not all of these actions are aimed at the care of psychological suffering. It is observed that the Matrix Support, which is a methodological strategy of supervision and follow up forcases of mental health, hasn t been totally implemented in the municipal system, although it is a tool that has been used by psychologists in some Health Units in the city. It was also verified that the health care practices to the problem of nerves strongly depend on the professional s commitment with the PSF guidelines and on mental health policies, in addition to continued support, when available, from other professional who works as matrix supporter
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Introdução: Terapias farmacológicas não têm conseguido um controle efetivo da dor na pessoa queimada nas três dimensões da dor aquando os cuidados à ferida. Assim, a Terapia da Realidade Virtual (TRV) baseia-se numa abordagem tecnológica que isola a pessoa do mundo real, visualizando apenas um ambiente virtual. Objetivo: Nesta Revisão Integrativa da Literatura pretende-se: identificar se a aplicação da TRV reduz a dor nas três dimensões aquando os cuidados à ferida; verificar em que medida a aplicação da TRV reduz a dor em cada uma das três dimensões de dor; verificar se a aplicação da TRV permite a redução de administração da analgesia opioide. Método: Efetuou-se pesquisa em motores de busca online, num período temporal de dez anos por meio de descritores e critérios de inclusão predefinidos. Definiu-se como questão de investigação "Qual é a eficácia da aplicação da Terapia da Realidade Virtual na redução da dor nos cuidados à ferida à pessoa numa unidade de queimados?". Na consecução deste trabalho, teve-se como método os Sete Passos do Cochrane Handbook, sendo incluídos seis artigos. Resultados: Pela análise dos resultados, evidencia-se a redução da dor nas três dimensões, na maioria dos estudos, quando associada a TRV a terapias farmacológicas. Conclusões: Propõem-se mais estudos randomizados controlados para definir os benefícios da TRV, comparativamente com terapias não farmacológicas menos dispendiosas.
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Introducción: El autismo es un trastorno temprano y masivo del desarrollo en el cual se afecta la interacción social, el desarrollo del lenguaje, se presentan rituales y estereotipias. Hay evidencia que la interacción con un perro está asociada con efectos positivos en la salud del niño, lo cual se extiende al terreno terapéutico donde la compañía del perro estimula habilidades comunicativas para conectarse con el mundo exterior y romper el aislamiento que lo hace refractario a formas convencionales de tratamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una Revisión Sistemática sobre efectos de la terapia con perros en niños autistas entre dos y doce años. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos obtenidos de bases de datos, revisiones sistemáticas y Meta-buscadores que proporcionaron evidencia de la terapia con perros en niños autistas. Se describió características y resultados de estudios obtenidos. Resultados: Dos artículos cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Cuatro niños fueron evaluados en dichos estudios. La presencia del perro disminuyó la agresividad, las conductas ritualizadas y obsesivas. Potencializó los comportamientos positivos como contacto visual y comunicación social. Discusión: la terapia asistida con perros proporciona un gran potencial en la intervención del trastorno autista. Relevante tener en cuenta algunos factores como: efectos a largo plazo, el perro a utilizar y la heterogeneidad del espectro autista que pueden condicionar líneas de investigación futura. Conclusiones: Es importante la realización de estudios de mayor rigor metodológico que permitan fortalecer la evidencia sobre los resultados de la terapia con perros en niños con autismo.
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Dar respuestas a cuestiones sobre educación de toxicómanos, como por ejemplo, ¿por qué educar?. Analizar el efecto del programa de salidas en tiempo libre sobre los toxicómanos de una Comunidad Terapéutica (CT). Toxicómano de 23 años que asiste a la Comunidad Terapéutica 'La Granja'. Realiza un análisis teórico sobre la pedagogía, los modelos educativos y el educador como transmisor y socializador. Estudia la problemática de las toxicomanías. Expone las características de la comunidad terapéutica en que trabaja y presenta el caso práctico y sus resultados. Propone un programa de salidas. Entrevista, seguimiento de un caso a través de salidas organizadas por el centro. El programa del tiempo libre está enfocado a un nivel muy general, sin tener en cuenta las particularidades de cada sujeto, su protagonismo y la propia responsabilidad en estos espacios. Se propone un nuevo programa de salidas en que las personas encuentren elementos educativos basados en el modelo estructural como: responsabilidad, disposición, atención individualizada, apertura a la red comunitaria, poder de decisión ante los recursos de ocio, etc. Hacen falta nuevos programas de salidas más completos que potencien la socialización y el cambio de situación del sujeto.
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The reports of adverse events date from 1990 up to the present day. Conceptually, these adverse events are unintentional injuries unrelated to the underlying disease, causing measurable lesions in patients, extending the period of hospitalization, or leading to death. These issues require discussions with regard to patient safety, improved quality of service, and preventing medical errors. In the Intensive Care Units, this concern is greater because these are sectors of intensive care to individuals with hemodynamic changes and imminent risk of death. Therefore, it is essential to conduct evaluation processes to investigate aspects of quality of nursing care and patient safety in these spaces. For that reason, we aimed to propose the Evaluation protocol of nursing care and patient safety in Intensive Care Units. For its achievement, we needed to: 1) analyze the evolution of the patient safety concept used in scientific productions, under Rodgers evolutionary concept; 2) identify the necessary items to build the evaluation protocol of nursing care and patient safety in the Intensive Care Unit, from the available evidence in literature; 3) construct an instrument for content validation of the evaluation protocol of nursing care and patient safety in the Intensive Care Unit; and 4) describe and evaluate the appropriateness of the content for an evaluation protocol of nursing care and patient safety in the Intensive Care Unit. This is a methodological study for the content validation of the abovementioned protocol. To meet the first three specific objectives, we used the integrative literature review in Theses Database of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel and the portal of the Collaborating Centre for Quality of Care and Patient Safety. The fourth specific objective happened through the participation of judges, located from the Lattes curricula, in the content validation process developed in two stages: Delphi 1 and Delphi 2. As instrument, we used the electronic form of Google docs. We present in tables the answers from the evaluation instruments by Delphi consensus and Content Validity Index (CVI) of the entire protocol. We summarized the results in articles entitled Analysis of the patient safety concept: Rodgers evolutionary concept ; Scientific evidence regarding patient safety in the Intensive Care Unit ; Technological device for the content validation process: experience report ; and Evaluation protocol of nursing care and patient safety in Intensive Care Units. The Embodied Opinion of the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, No. 461,246, under CAAE 19586813.2.0000.5537, approved the study. Thus, we conclude the protocol valid in its content, constituting an important tool for evaluating the quality of nursing care and patient safety in Intensive Care Units
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A assistência psiquiátrica brasileira, desde seu início, era baseada na internação dos doentes mentais em hospitais psiquiátricos e em sua exclusão social. Desde o final do regime militar, na década de oitenta, esta assistência vem passando por transformações que propõem o tratamento dos doentes mentais em serviços comunitários substitutivos ao hospital psiquiátrico. A profissão terapia ocupacional cuja prática voltava-se para a ocupação dos pacientes no interior dos hospitais, diante das transformações da assistência psiquiátrica, vem buscando um aprimoramento teórico técnico e político para a atuação nos serviços substitutivos, em nível de prevenção, promoção de saúde, tratamento, reabilitação e inclusão social. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar algumas práticas de terapia ocupacional baseadas em paradigmas que enfatizam a importância do tratamento e da inclusão do doente mental na sociedade, destacando-se uma experiência que vem sendo realizada em Botucatu-SP (Brasil), por uma organização não governamental. Conclui-se que a profissão, por congregar conhecimento interdisciplinar, e se ocupar das necessidades e dificuldades dos pacientes no cotidiano, apresenta um instrumental condizente com a assistência comunitária.