Hierarchical control and optimisation of the Tennessee Eastman process

Based on integrated system optimisation and parameter estimation a method is described for on-line steady state optimisation which compensates for model-plant mismatch and solves a non-linear optimisation problem by iterating on a linear - quadratic representation. The method requires real process derivatives which are estimated using a dynamic identification technique. The utility of the method is demonstrated using a simulation of the Tennessee Eastman benchmark chemical process.

Integrating predictive control and economic optimisation

In most commercially available predictive control packages, there is a separation between economic optimisation and predictive control, although both algorithms may be part of the same software system. This method is compared in this article with two alternative approaches where the economic objectives are directly included in the predictive control algorithm. Simulations are carried out using the Tennessee Eastman process model.

Fault detection with Conditional Gaussian Network

International audience

RPN-Toolbox : uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de estruturas de controle

A literatura disponível na área de controle de processos químicos tem dado pouca atenção para o problema da seleção de estruturas de controle, entretanto a correta escolha das variáveis controladas e manipuladas, assim como os seus pareamentos, é tão ou mesmo mais importante que o projeto do controlador propriamente dito, pois esta etapa define o desempenho alcançável para o sistema em malha fechada. Esta dissertação explora vários aspectos genéricos do controle de processos com o objetivo de introduzir os principais pontos da metodologia RPN, um método sistemático que, através de índices baseados em sólidos fundamentos matemáticos, permite avaliar o projeto de controle como um todo. O índice RPN (Número de Desempenho Robusto) indica quão potencialmente difícil é, para um dado sistema, alcançar o desempenho desejado. O produto final desse trabalho é o RPN-Toolbox, a implementação das rotinas da metodologia RPN em ambiente MATLAB® com o intuito de torná-la acessível a qualquer profissional da área de controle de processos. O RPN-Toolbox permite que todas as rotinas necessárias para proceder a análise RPN de controlabilidade sejam executadas através de comandos de linha ou utilizando uma interface gráfica. Além do desenvolvimento das rotinas para o toolbox, foi realizado um estudo do problema de controle denominado processo Tennessee-Eastman. Foi desenvolvida uma estrutura de controle para a unidade e esta foi comparada, de modo sistemático, através da metodologia RPN e de simulações dinâmicas, com outras soluções apresentadas na literatura. A partir do índice concluiu-se que a estrutura proposta é tão boa quanto a melhor das estruturas da literatura e a partir de simulações dinâmicas do processo frente a diversos distúrbios, a estrutura proposta foi a que apresentou melhores resultados.

Avaliação de conforto em cadeiras escolares para usuários adultos trabalhadores

Em um nível supervisório, são introduzidas malhas de controle feedback, em cascata com a estrutura de base, a fim de corrigir off-sets e controlar composições sob um horizonte de tempo longo de resposta. As estruturas de controle projetadas a partir desta base heurística apresentam um desempenho satisfatório para a rejeição de distúrbios sobre a taxa de produção, de acordo com os resultados de validação do estudo de caso Tennessee Eastman.

Heurísticas para projeto de estruturas de controle

Processos químicos integrados apresentam uma maior dificuldade para garantir o controle global da planta em função das fortes interações que se estabelecem entre as variáveis de processo. A área de estudo conhecida como Plant Wide Control preocupa-se em propor soluções a este problema de controle. Soluções típicas consistem no projeto de estruturas de controle, a partir de técnicas quantitativas de análise da controlabilidade operacional. Entretanto a dificuldade em obter-se modelos confiáveis na fase de projeto de processos, bem como as incertezas derivadas das não-linearidades de sistemas reais, são alguns exemplos das dificuldades que limitam a aplicabilidade de tais métodos e incentivam o desenvolvimento de heurísticas capazes de auxiliar a seleção de estruturas de controle adequadas. Nesta dissertação são utilizadas análises estruturais e técnicas quantitativas no estudo de sistemas simplificados e hipotéticos, permitindo a formulação de heurísticas comprometidas com o controle global do balanço material. O resultado destas análises mostra ser possível implementar uma estrutura de base, de configuração feedforward, fundamentada na garantia de baixa variabilidade do tempo de residência do sistema reacional, através de controle direto ou flutuação do inventário, e na proporcionalidade entre as correntes de processo, via introdução de razões fixas entre as vazões da planta. A utilização destas duas heurísticas garante a estabilidade do balanço material frente a variações da taxa de produção, mesmo sem a implementação de controladores de composição. Em um nível supervisório, são introduzidas malhas de controle feedback, em cascata com a estrutura de base, a fim de corrigir off-sets e controlar composições sob um horizonte de tempo longo de resposta. As estruturas de controle projetadas a partir desta base heurística apresentam um desempenho satisfatório para a rejeição de distúrbios sobre a taxa de produção, de acordo com os resultados de validação do estudo de caso Tennessee Eastman.

Determination of the isotopic composition fo uranium /

K-25 Laboratories, Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation; Formerly of Clinton Engineer Works--Tennessee Eastman Corporation.

Problems of physics in the ion source /

"The Y-12 Plant of the Clinton Engineer Works was operated by the Tennessee Eastman Corporation under Contract No. W-7401-eng-23 from Januaury 1943 until May 4, 1947, at which time operations were taken over by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract No. W-7405-eng-26"--Page 2 of cover.

Vacuum problems and techniques /

Includes bibliographical references.

Fort Sanders, Knoxville, Tennessee,and vicinity, 1863 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the untitled historic paper manuscript map: [Map of Fort Sanders, Knoxville, Tennessee, and vicinity showing troop lines]. It was sketched ca.1863. Scale not given. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Tennessee State Plane Coordinate System (in Meters) (Fipszone 4100). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, troop location, fortifications, batteries, selected points of military interest, and more. Relief shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of the Civil War from the Harvard Map Collection. Many items from this selection are from a collection of maps deposited by the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery of the State of Massachusetts (MOLLUS) in the Harvard Map Collection in 1938. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features, in particular showing places of military importance. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Old times in Tennessee, with historical, personal, and political scraps and sketches.

Mode of access: Internet.

The nitrate to ammonia and ceramic (NAC) process for the denitration and immobilization of low-level radioactive liquid waste (LLW)

Hazardous radioactive liquid waste is the legacy of more than 50 years of plutonium production associated with the United States' nuclear weapons program. It is estimated that more than 245,000 tons of nitrate wastes are stored at facilities such as the single-shell tanks (SST) at the Hanford Site in the state of Washington, and the Melton Valley storage tanks at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee. In order to develop an innovative, new technology for the destruction and immobilization of nitrate-based radioactive liquid waste, the United State Department of Energy (DOE) initiated the research project which resulted in the technology known as the Nitrate to Ammonia and Ceramic (NAC) process. However, inasmuch as the nitrate anion is highly mobile and difficult to immobilize, especially in relatively porous cement-based grout which has been used to date as a method for the immobilization of liquid waste, it presents a major obstacle to environmental clean-up initiatives. Thus, in an effort to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and enhance the efficacy of the NAC process, this research involved the experimental measurement of the rheological and heat transfer behaviors of the NAC product slurry and the determination of the optimal operating parameters for the continuous NAC chemical reaction process. Test results indicate that the NAC product slurry exhibits a typical non-Newtonian flow behavior. Correlation equations for the slurry's rheological properties and heat transfer rate in a pipe flow have been developed; these should prove valuable in the design of a full-scale NAC processing plant. The 20-percent slurry exhibited a typical dilatant (shear thickening) behavior and was in the turbulent flow regime due to its lower viscosity. The 40-percent slurry exhibited a typical pseudoplastic (shear thinning) behavior and remained in the laminar flow regime throughout its experimental range. The reactions were found to be more efficient in the lower temperature range investigated. With respect to leachability, the experimental final NAC ceramic waste form is comparable to the final product of vitrification, the technology chosen by DOE to treat these wastes. As the NAC process has the potential of reducing the volume of nitrate-based radioactive liquid waste by as much as 70 percent, it not only promises to enhance environmental remediation efforts but also effect substantial cost savings. ^

[meanings Of The Sickening Process For Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review Of The Literature.]

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that causes many psychological repercussions that have been studied through qualitative research. These are considered relevant, since they reveal the amplitude experienced by patients. Given this importance, this study aims to map the qualitative production in this theme, derived from studies of experiences of adult patients of both genders and that had used as a tool a semi-structured interview and/or field observations, and had made use of a sampling by a saturation criterion to determine the number of participants in each study. The survey was conducted in Pubmed, Lilacs, Psycinfo e Cochrane databases, searching productions in English and Portuguese idioms published between January 2005 and June 2012. The 19 revised papers that have dealt with patients in the acute phase of the disease showed themes that were categorized into eight topics that contemplated the experienced process at various stages, from the onset of the disease, extending through the knowledge of the diagnosis and the understanding of the manifestations of the disease, drug treatment and general care, evolution and prognosis. The collected papers also point to the difficulty of understanding, of the patients, on what consists the remission phase, revealing also that this is a clinical stage underexplored by psychological studies.

[in Process Citation].

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O aluno com deficiência visual nas aulas de educação física : análise do processo inclusivo = The student with visual impairments : analysis of inclusive process

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física