Juvenile helping behaviour in the Dusky Moorhen, Gallinula tenebrosa

In Dusky Moorhens, Gallinula tenebrosa, helping behaviour maybe displayed by juveniles when groups contain offspring of different age classes. We investigated the frequency and amount of parental care provided by juvenile moorhens to younger siblings from subsequent same-year broods. In some social groups, juveniles provided up to 33% of the total number of feeds provided to chicks. Juveniles were observed to feed chicks when as young as six weeks of age, often while still receiving food from adults themselves. Low within-group relatedness and low reproductive costs associated with juvenile helping have important consequences for the cost-benefit ratio of helping behaviour in this species.

Effects of habitat characteristics and climate on the distribution and colouration of Dusky Moorhens (Gallinula tenebrosa) in south-east Queensland

We determined which factors predict the presence and abundance of Dusky Moorhens (Gallinula tenebrosa) at wetlands by surveying the ecological and habitat characteristics of 62 sites across south-east Queensland. Moorhens were observed in 48 of the sites sampled. They were more likely to be found at sites surrounded by taller terrestrial vegetation and where free-floating and attached aquatic vegetation was more abundant. The number of moorhens found at a site increased in relation to vegetation height, the abundance of attached aquatic vegetation and the number of purple swamphens observed. These results suggest that there are ecological constraints on the distribution of moorhens, and that food abundance and the availability of suitable nesting sites determine the overall distribution and abundance of moorhens in wetlands. Adult moorhens develop brightly coloured fleshy frontal shields, bills and legs when breeding, although in some populations birds maintain year-round colouration. We observed year-round breeding colouration in 23 out of 34 sampling sites that had moorhens and were surveyed in August. Coloured moorhens were found during winter at sites with higher minimum winter temperatures, and more abundant free-floating and submerged leafy vegetation. In addition, higher proportions of moorhens were coloured at sites with higher mean minimum temperatures. The retention of year-round breeding colouration appears to be restricted to areas with warmer winter temperatures and more abundant food. The results suggest that areas not occupied by moorhens are of inadequate quality to support breeding populations. We suggest that ecological constraints on independent breeding in Dusky Moorhens may have favoured the evolution of their unusual cooperative breeding system, which involves frequent mate-sharing by both sexes.

Effects of light stress on the growth of the epiphytic orchid Cattleya forbesii Lindl. X Laelia tenebrosa Rolfe

Considering the performance of CAM epiphytes under high levels of radiation or in shaded environments, with growth rate proportional to light intensity, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of long-term light stress on the growth of a Brazilian epiphytic orchid, Cattleya forbesii Lindl. X Laelia tenebrosa Rolfe. Two groups of plants were used in the first experiment, one under 90% (@ 1,650 µmol.m-2.s-1) of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and the other maintained under 22.5% (@ 400 µmol.m-2.s-1). In the second experiment the diffusive resistance, transpiration rate and fluorescence levels were monitored for plants that were under 22.5% of PAR, under 90% and plants transferred from 22.5 to 90%. Our results show that light intensity interfered with growth and development of this orchid. Data on the changes in pseudobulb volume throughout the time course of growth suggest that water and reserves stored in the back shoots are translocated to the current shoot. Regarding stomatal resistance, plants under 22.5% of PAR reached a largest stomatal aperture during the night, whereas those under 90% only after dawn. After transfer from 22.5% PAR to 90% PAR the ratio of Fv/Fm decreased from approximately 0.8 to 0.7. This suggests the limitation of photoprotection mechanisms in the leaf and the results observed after the transfer of plants from 22.5% to 90% reinforce the possibility that a photoinhibition is reflected in a decrease in growth rate.

Taxonomy of Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Apenesia aurita sp. nov., from southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. Apenesia angusticeps Evans, 1963, A. tenebrosa Evans, 1963, A. pallidicornis Evans, 1963, A. quadrimera Leal & Azevedo, 2001 and A. crenulata Kieffer, 1910 are recorded for the first time to the State of Espírito Santo.

Hêliconias como alternativa econômica para comunidades amazônicas

Reservas extrativistas (RESEX) são espaços territoriais destinados à exploração sustentável e conservação dos recursos naturais renováveis, por populações extrativistas. Além disso, tem como finalidade implantar alternativas de renda que contribuam para a melhoria das condições de vida das famílias locais. Dentre as variadas possibilidades de renda pelas comunidades que compõem as RESEX, destacamos neste trabalho o uso das helicônias. As espécies de Heliconia são um dos mais vistosos grupos de plantas herbáceas das florestas tropicais. Entretanto seu uso como fonte de renda é desconhecido pelas comunidades que compõem a RESEX. Registramos 11 espécies de Heliconia na RESEX do Baixo Juruá com uso potencial como plantas ornamentais: H. acuminata, H. densiflora, H. hirsuta, H. lasiorachis, H. stricta, H. chartacea, H. juruana, H. marginata, H. psittacorum, H. spathocircinata e H. tenebrosa. Atualmente o mercado de plantas ornamentais está em expansão no Brasil, mas a Amazônia parece não estar acompanhando este processo, demonstrando falta de iniciativa política. A economia na forma do extrativismo praticada dentro das reservas florestais na Amazônia, mesmo acarretando alguns impactos diretos sobre a fauna e a flora, ajuda a manter as funções ecológicas originais da floresta evitando perdas futuras de biodiversidade regional. Adicionalmente, garante a continuidade das populações tradicionais no campo, com efeito direto na economia local e regional.

A Bugiada: festa, luta e comunicação

(Excerto) Todos os anos, numa aldeia dos arredores do Porto (Portugal), se celebra, em dia de S. João, uma festa que encena e actualiza a luta entre cristãos (bugios) e mouros Mourisqueiros), em disputa por uma imagem milagrosa do dito santo. É a festa da Bugiada. A narrativa que o acto festivo evoca corre de boca em boca e de geração em geração, já que não há documentos escritos. Os bugios, mascarados, empenachados e foliões são temporariamente vencidos pelos adversários, jovens aprumados, de barretina espelhada na cabeça, mas acabam por vencer a contenda, recorrendo a uma enorme e tenebrosa Serpe. Nos interstícios das danças e das lutas, ocorrem diversos rituais e facécias (lavra da praça, dança do sapateiro e sketches de crítica social). Numa terra que viveu outrora da agricultura, mas que se industrializou e tercearizou, a festividade tem revelado um vigor que não dá sinais de esmorecer. Nos últimos anos, ultrapassa o milhar o número de intervenientes directos e indirectos, e a comunidade local tem conseguido evitar a ‘domesticação’ de um acontecimento cíclico marcado pelo lado subversivo, lúdico, excessivo.

Taxonomy of Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Apenesia aurita sp. nov., from southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. Apenesia angusticeps Evans, 1963, A. tenebrosa Evans, 1963, A. pallidicornis Evans, 1963, A. quadrimera Leal & Azevedo, 2001 and A. crenulata Kieffer, 1910 are recorded for the first time to the State of Espírito Santo.

Nematode parasites of Brazilian piciformes birds: a general survey with description of Procyrnea anterovulvata n. sp. (Habronematoidea, Habronematidae)

Thirty species of nematodes recovered from Piciformes hosts are reported. Procyrnea anterovulvata n. sp. from Chelidoptera tenebrosa brasiliensis is described and compared to P. colaptes and P. pileata. The considered morphometric parameters are mainly related to the ratio between length of the body/distance of the vulva to the anterior end. It is approximately 1:0.5 in P. colaptes and P. pileata compared to 1:0.1 in the new species. The male of Synhimantus (Dispharynx) crassissima is described for the first time. Thelazia (Thelaziella) spizaeti is revalidated and new records are reported for some species.

Intra-puparial development of the females of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Intra-puparial development of the females of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae). The chronology and morphological changes that take place during intra-puparial development of Chrysomya albiceps is described based on 254 specimens reared in the laboratory. Larvae were obtained from the eggs laid by a single female. The pre-pupae were separated according to the reduction of larval length and the degree of pigmentation and sclerotization of the cuticle. After pupation, 10 individuals were fixed in Carnoy's solution and preserved in 70% ethanol, 10 individuals were fixed every 3 hours up to complete the first 24 hours (n = 80), the remaining individuals were fixed every six hours up to the 90th hour (n = 110) when 54 females emerged. The pupae were immersed in 5% formic acid for 48 hours and maintained in 70% ethanol, and then dissected and analyzed. C. albiceps shows four intra-puparial stages, each of which were described and compared with those described for Musca domestica, Calliphora erythrocephala, Sarcophaga bullata, Cuterebra tenebrosa, Oestrus ovis and Dermatobia hominis. Four developmental stages may be described: (1) the larva-pupa apolysis, after three hours; (2) the criptocephalic pupa, after six hours; (3) the phanerocephalic pupa, after nine hours; (4) the pharate pupa, after nine hours. The pharate adult is completely formed after 81 hours.

Macromicets de l'illa de Menorca.II.

Donem a conèixer els resultats de les prospeccions micològiques realitzades a Menorca entre els anys 1980 i 1988, i els presentem en forma de catàleg. S'han estudiat 193 tàxons (10 Ascomycetes i 183 Basidiomycetes), dels quals 127 creiem corresponen a citacions noves per a l'illa, entre els quals destaquem: Agaricus pequinii (Boud.) Konr. & Maubl., Amanita boudieri Barla, Dermoloma pseudocuneifolium Henrink, Hebeloma sarcophyllum (Peck) Sacc., Inocybe tenebrosa Quél., Psathyrella ammophila (Dur. & Lev.) Orton, Lactarius cistophilus Bon & Trimb. Russula seperina Dupain i Battarraea phalloides (Dicks.) Pers

Contribució a la flora dels macromicets de l'illa de Mallorca

Com a resultat de les prospeccions micològiques realitzades a Mallorca entre els anys 1983 i 1990, donem a conèixer un catàleg de 218 taxons (8 Ascomycetes i 210 Basidiomycetes), dels quals creiem que 74 corresponen a citacions noves per a l'illa. En destaquem, entre d'altres: Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link, Daldinia vernicosa (Schw.) Ces. et de Not., Dichomitus campestris (Quél.) Domanski et Ori., Agaricus lanipes (Moell. et Schaeff.) Sing., Amanita boudieri Barla, Clitocybe lituus (Fr.) Metr., Hygrocybe reai Mre., Inocybe tenebrosa Quél., Leucopaxillus tricolor (Peck) Kühn, i Russula seperina Dupain.

Chemical control of Pileamicrophylla in cattleya seedlings (Cattleyatenebrosa x Cattleyaleopoldy)

Species of the orchidaceae family are grown for marketing flowers and among them the genus Cattleya stands out. However, due to its slow growth, the substrate is subjected to weed infestation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the selectivity and efficiency of herbicides in controlling Pilea microphylla in Cattleya orchid seedlings (Cattleya tenebrosa x Cattleya leopoldy). We used a completely randomized design with four replications. The evaluated herbicides were oxyfluorfen (0, 120, 240 and 480 g ha-1), flumioxazin (0, 12.5, 25 and 40 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (0, 20, 40 and 80 g ha-1) mesotrione (0, 96, 144 and 192 g ha-1), clethodim (0, 60, 84 and 108 g ha-1) and metsulfuron-methyl (0, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 g ha-1). At post-emergence applying time, the Cattleya plants had three bulb sand were 10 cm tall, while P. microphylla, where 5 cm tall. Nicosulfuron, mesotrione and clethodim herbicides did not control P. microphylla, while oxyfluorfen and flumioxazin showed over 90% efficiency level sin controlling P. microphyllafrom 14 days after application (DAA). As to metsulfuron-methyl, it showed efficiency superior to 90% from the control dose of 1.8 g ha-1 at 28 DAA. All herbicides were selective plants of Cattleya, however, only oxyfluorfen, flumioxazin and metsulfuron-methyl were effective in controlling P. microphylla.

Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Southeastern Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Competencia y conflicto. Hesíodo y los consejos de administración familiar : Una lectura política del tópico

El proyecto del presente trabajo consiste en reflexionar sobre la constitución del sujeto ético-político en los Erga de Hesíodo. Trabajaremos desde una propuesta de matriz antropológica, en torno a los consejos de administración familiar que el poeta propone, recurriendo a Jenofonte cuando la comparación sea oportuna. Siguiendo el horizonte semántico del término chresis, indagaremos dos cuestiones fundamentales, la gestión del hogar, a partir de la problematización del matrimonio como cuestión afín, y la gestión de los vínculos personales, que van más allá del oikos, para convocar a otros actores, el hermano, el huésped, el amigo. En ambos niveles, el estrictamente familiar con la presencia del marido y la esposa en el centro de la escena, y el familiar, en sentido más amplio, los tópicos devuelven ciertas preocupaciones y reflexiones en torno a cuestiones que se repiten, el trabajo, la riqueza, la productividad, la prudencia, el honor, la convivencia, la tolerancia. Se plasma un universo antropológico que nos permite relevar, desde los topoi recortados, la pequeña familia intramuros y la gran familia extramuros, la preocupación habitual de la constitución de un sujeto temperante que en Hesíodo cobra distintas aristas. El modelo discursivo obedece a las reglas de formación que reconocemos en los Erga como matriz de discurso: recomendaciones, consejos, exhortaciones, que delinean dos topoi reconocibles, dos categorías de sujetos, dos registros de conductas, dos modelos de instalación en la vida. Hesíodo nos tiene acostumbrados a esos sistemas binarios que, a nuestro juicio, se inscriben en la lógica del linaje. Hombres, valores, conductas de matriz diurna o nocturna, positiva o negativa, luminosa o tenebrosa. La vida familiar y la comunitaria no parece escapar a esta lógica binaria y el corpus de consejos no hace otra cosa que vigorizar con su logos el aspecto diurno de la tensión

Competencia y conflicto. Hesíodo y los consejos de administración familiar : Una lectura política del tópico

El proyecto del presente trabajo consiste en reflexionar sobre la constitución del sujeto ético-político en los Erga de Hesíodo. Trabajaremos desde una propuesta de matriz antropológica, en torno a los consejos de administración familiar que el poeta propone, recurriendo a Jenofonte cuando la comparación sea oportuna. Siguiendo el horizonte semántico del término chresis, indagaremos dos cuestiones fundamentales, la gestión del hogar, a partir de la problematización del matrimonio como cuestión afín, y la gestión de los vínculos personales, que van más allá del oikos, para convocar a otros actores, el hermano, el huésped, el amigo. En ambos niveles, el estrictamente familiar con la presencia del marido y la esposa en el centro de la escena, y el familiar, en sentido más amplio, los tópicos devuelven ciertas preocupaciones y reflexiones en torno a cuestiones que se repiten, el trabajo, la riqueza, la productividad, la prudencia, el honor, la convivencia, la tolerancia. Se plasma un universo antropológico que nos permite relevar, desde los topoi recortados, la pequeña familia intramuros y la gran familia extramuros, la preocupación habitual de la constitución de un sujeto temperante que en Hesíodo cobra distintas aristas. El modelo discursivo obedece a las reglas de formación que reconocemos en los Erga como matriz de discurso: recomendaciones, consejos, exhortaciones, que delinean dos topoi reconocibles, dos categorías de sujetos, dos registros de conductas, dos modelos de instalación en la vida. Hesíodo nos tiene acostumbrados a esos sistemas binarios que, a nuestro juicio, se inscriben en la lógica del linaje. Hombres, valores, conductas de matriz diurna o nocturna, positiva o negativa, luminosa o tenebrosa. La vida familiar y la comunitaria no parece escapar a esta lógica binaria y el corpus de consejos no hace otra cosa que vigorizar con su logos el aspecto diurno de la tensión