Impactos dos processos de mudanças na cultura organizacional: um estudo na secretaria municipal de economia e finanças da prefeitura de Manaus

A mudança organizacional caracteriza-se por transformações cada vez mais rápidas, profundas e amplas que exercem um impacto direto nos trabalhadores seja do setor público ou do setor privado. Seus efeitos, positivos ou negativos, geram instabilidade e estresse, ou seja, implicam em renúncias, perdas e adaptações. Ao se observar a mudança organizacional como ciclo de existência em que se pode examinar determinados momentos organizacionais, considerados estratégicos, como forma de pensamento e forma de decisão dos dirigentes. As mudanças tecnológicas, mais facilmente visualizadas e implementadas na Secretaria Municipal de Economia e Finanças da Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus, exigem, muitas vezes, uma mudança cultural. O estudo propõe uma vertente teórica que destaca parte dos esforços interpretativos das situações decisórias. A pesquisa empírica tem como objetivo principal verificar a cultura organizacional e a dependência de poder, através da análise de valor e dos interesses compartilhados pelos grupos de servidores da Prefeitura de Manaus. A cultura organizacional será analisada por meio dos seus elementos, ou seja, por meio dos valores compartilhados entre os dirigentes e os demais funcionários dos diversos setores da Secretaria Municipal de Economia e Finanças. Para este estudo, se utilizará uma amostra composta dos representantes dos diversos setores da Secretaria, tais como: Cadastro, Contabilidade, Fiscalização, Finanças, Tributação e Apoio administrativo. Nesse contexto, enfatizar-se-á a importância de se respeitar o ritmo de aprendizado e mudanças individuais estimulando a participação e reduzindo os riscos de ansiedade diante das mudanças organizacionais.

Noves tecnologies per l'estudi de l'arqueologia de Patagònia (Amèrica del Sud)

The goal of this project was the historical study of Patagonia, the southernmost human settled area of the world. Our aim has been the anlysis of those societies to understand how they maintained their socioeconomic system, that is to say, how social reproduction allowed resolving the basic contradiction between production and reproduction, which is characteristic of all hunter-gatherer societies. New computational technologies have allowed a bettwer integration of the big amount and diversity of data needed. We have analyzed the historical evolution of inter-group and intra-group social relationships among nomad patagonian societies. We have compared different social answers in front of the radical change of their immediate reality produced by european colonization. We have exhaustively analyzed the results of archaeological excavations from diferent regions. We have also integrated information from anthropology, ethnohistory and geography. We are developing computing programs to integrate geographical actual data with paleoenvironmental data about the dynamic nature of soil formation, vegetation, hidrography, etc., with information about the history of productive action and how products were distributed among different human groups.

La implementació de les Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació a l'escola : integració curricular a l'etapa d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria

Centrarem l'estudi en la implementació de l'ús d'Internet a les àrees curriculars, ja que es detecta la necessitat d'alguns professors de tenir recursos per a poder treballar-hi des de la seva àrea. Aquesta necessitat, sorgida des del professorat, pot afavorir una més gran implicació i, per tant, iniciar un procés de canvi.

Les tecnologies de la comunicació al servei de la gent gran

Aquest informe mira de documentar el projecte GeriaTic, que desenvolupa l'Ajuntament de Barcelona al districte 22@. L'informe fa una anàlisi de la situació de la gent gran en relació amb les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació en el sector de la salut, el control de l'entorn i el lleure. L'anàlisi de la documentació trobada i la informació extreta d'un grup de discussió amb persones grans usuàries de les TIC permeten identificar el mercat existent, els productes i serveis, les necessitats no cobertes i les bones pràctiques relacionades amb els tres sectors estudiats. Les conclusions de l'estudi assenyalen tres aspectes clau: la necessitat que la tecnologia s'incorpori a la vida quotidiana de les persones, perquè aparegui com a quelcom necessari i útil; la cura en cercar un disseny modular, escalable i integrat de la tecnologia que acompanyi les característiques específiques de la persona i els canvis al llarg del seu cicle vital, i, finalment, la consideració que la incorporació de les TIC en l'àmbit de la gent gran no tan sols involucra la persona, sinó també el conjunt de professionals i la societat en general. Aquests tres aspectes permeten plantejar l'exigència que la incorporació de la tecnologia en la vida de la gent gran abandoni el model assistencial i es presenti a la persona i a la societat com una font de noves possibilitats i una oportunitat per al canvi.

Technological Change and Immigration

We develop a simple model where two technologies are available to produce the same good, and we study under what conditions both will be used. We use the model to analyze the consequences of the simultaneous use of two different technologies for the economic variables and economic growth. Finally, we explore how migrations of factors affect the technological change and the performance of the economy.

Technological Change and Immigration

We develop a simple model where two technologies are available to produce the same good, and we study under what conditions both will be used. We use the model to analyze the consequences of the simultaneous use of two different technologies for the economic variables and economic growth. Finally, we explore how migrations of factors affect the technological change and the performance of the economy.

Effect Of Simulated Microwave Disinfection On The Linear Dimensional Change, Hardness And Impact Strength Of Acrylic Resins Processed By Different Polymerizing Cycles.

This study investigated the effect of simulated microwave disinfection (SMD) on the linear dimensional changes, hardness and impact strength of acrylic resins under different polymerization cycles. Metal dies with referential points were embedded in flasks with dental stone. Samples of Classico and Vipi acrylic resins were made following the manufacturers' recommendations. The assessed polymerization cycles were: A-- water bath at 74ºC for 9 h; B-- water bath at 74ºC for 8 h and temperature increased to 100ºC for 1 h; C-- water bath at 74ºC for 2 h and temperature increased to 100ºC for 1 h;; and D-- water bath at 120ºC and pressure of 60 pounds. Linear dimensional distances in length and width were measured after SMD and water storage at 37ºC for 7 and 30 days using an optical microscope. SMD was carried out with the samples immersed in 150 mL of water in an oven (650 W for 3 min). A load of 25 gf for 10 sec was used in the hardness test. Charpy impact test was performed with 40 kpcm. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). The Classico resin was dimensionally steady in length in the A and D cycles for all periods, while the Vipi resin was steady in the A, B and C cycles for all periods. The Classico resin was dimensionally steady in width in the C and D cycles for all periods, and the Vipi resin was steady in all cycles and periods. The hardness values for Classico resin were steady in all cycles and periods, while the Vipi resin was steady only in the C cycle for all periods. Impact strength values for Classico resin were steady in the A, C and D cycles for all periods, while Vipi resin was steady in all cycles and periods. SMD promoted different effects on the linear dimensional changes, hardness and impact strength of acrylic resins submitted to different polymerization cycles when after SMD and water storage were considered.

Effect Of Simulated Microwave Disinfection On The Linear Dimensional Change, Hardness And Impact Strength Of Acrylic Resins Processed By Different Polymerization Cycles.

This study investigated the effect of simulated microwave disinfection (SMD) on the linear dimensional changes, hardness and impact strength of acrylic resins under different polymerization cycles. Metal dies with referential points were embedded in flasks with dental stone. Samples of Classico and Vipi acrylic resins were made following the manufacturers' recommendations. The assessed polymerization cycles were: A) water bath at 74 ºC for 9 h; B) water bath at 74 ºC for 8 h and temperature increased to 100 ºC for 1 h; C) water bath at 74 ºC for 2 h and temperature increased to 100 ºC for 1 h; and D) water bath at 120 ºC and pressure of 60 pounds. Linear dimensional distances in length and width were measured after SMD and water storage at 37 ºC for 7 and 30 days using an optical microscope. SMD was carried out with the samples immersed in 150 mL of water in an oven (650 W for 3 min). A load of 25 gf for 10 s was used in the hardness test. Charpy impact test was performed with 40 kpcm. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). The Classico resin was dimensionally steady in length in the A and D cycles for all periods, while the Vipi resin was steady in the A, B and C cycles for all periods. The Classico resin was dimensionally steady in width in the C and D cycles for all periods, and the Vipi resin was steady in all cycles and periods. The hardness values for Classico resin were steady in all cycles and periods, while the Vipi resin was steady only in the C cycle for all periods. Impact strength values for Classico resin were steady in the A, C and D cycles for all periods, while Vipi resin was steady in all cycles and periods. SMD promoted different effects on the linear dimensional changes, hardness and impact strength of acrylic resins submitted to different polymerization cycles when after SMD and water storage were considered.

Factors associated with stages of change for red meat and vegetable intake by Japanese-Brazilians

Stages of change assess individual motivation for lifestyle changes, contributing to the development of more effective intervention strategies. The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with stages of change for lower intake of red meat and higher intake of vegetables in a cross-sectional analysis of 578 Japanese-Brazilians aged 30-90 years. In adjusted logistic regression models, the odds ratios for women (OR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.154; 3.103) and physically active individuals (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 1.000; 1.001) were positively associated with stage of "action" for the higher intake of vegetables. Inverse associations were observed between central obesity (OR = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.351; 0.887) and highest tertile of red meat intake (OR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.302; 0.817), as well as a positive association between age (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.020; 1.070) and the stage of "action" to the lower intake of meat were verified. Motivation for Japanese-Brazilians to change their food intake was linked to lifestyle. Stage of change is an important factor in mediating food intake behavior change.

Change and Aging Senescence as an Adaptation

Understanding why we age is a long-lived open problem in evolutionary biology. Aging is prejudicial to the individual, and evolutionary forces should prevent it, but many species show signs of senescence as individuals age. Here, I will propose a model for aging based on assumptions that are compatible with evolutionary theory: i) competition is between individuals; ii) there is some degree of locality, so quite often competition will be between parents and their progeny; iii) optimal conditions are not stationary, and mutation helps each species to keep competitive. When conditions change, a senescent species can drive immortal competitors to extinction. This counter-intuitive result arises from the pruning caused by the death of elder individuals. When there is change and mutation, each generation is slightly better adapted to the new conditions, but some older individuals survive by chance. Senescence can eliminate those from the genetic pool. Even though individual selection forces can sometimes win over group selection ones, it is not exactly the individual that is selected but its lineage. While senescence damages the individuals and has an evolutionary cost, it has a benefit of its own. It allows each lineage to adapt faster to changing conditions. We age because the world changes.

Visual Feedforward Control in Human Locomotion During Avoidance of Obstacles that Change Size

The purpose of the current study was to understand how visual information about an ongoing change in obstacle size is used during obstacle avoidance for both lead and trail limbs. Participants were required to walk in a dark room and to step over an obstacle edged with a special tape visible in the dark. The obstacle's dimensions were manipulated one step before obstacle clearance by increasing or decreasing its size. Two increasing and two decreasing obstacle conditions were combined with seven control static conditions. Results showed that information about the obstacle's size was acquired and used to modulate trail limb trajectory, but had no effect on lead limb trajectory. The adaptive step was influenced by the time available to acquire and process visual information. In conclusion, visual information about obstacle size acquired during lead limb crossing was used in a feedforward manner to modulate trail limb trajectory.

A Paradigm Shift in Predoctoral Dental Curricula in Brazil: Evaluating the Process of Change

In 2002, the Brazilian Ministry of Education approved the official curricular guidelines for undergraduate courses in Brazil to be adopted by the nation's 188 dental schools. In 2005-06, the Brazilian Dental Education Association (BDEA) promoted workshops in forty-eight of the schools to verify the degree of transformation of the curriculum based on these guidelines. Among the areas analyzed were course philosophy (variables were v1: knowledge production based on the needs of the Brazilian Public Health System [BPHS]; v2: health determinants; and v3: postgraduate studies and permanent education); pedagogical skills (v4: curricular structure; v5: changes in pedagogic and didactic skills; and v6: course program orientation); and dental practice scenarios (v7: diversity of the scenarios for training/learning; v8: academic health care centers opened to the BPHS; and v9: participation of students in health care delivery for the population). The subjects consisted of faculty members (n=711), students (n=228), and employees (n=14). The results showed an incipient degree of curriculum transformation. The degree of innovation was statistically different depending on the type of university (public or private) for variables I, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Private schools reported a higher level of innovation than public institutions. Resistance to transforming the dental curriculum according to the official guidelines may be linked to an ideological conception that supports the private practice model, continues to have faculty members direct all classroom activities, and prevents students from developing an understanding of professional practice as targeted towards the oral health needs of all segments of society.

Large change in the predicted number of small halos due to a small amplitude oscillating inflaton potential

A smooth inflaton potential is generally assumed when calculating the primordial power spectrum, implicitly assuming that a very small oscillation in the inflaton potential creates a negligible change in the predicted halo mass function. We show that this is not true. We find that a small oscillating perturbation in the inflaton potential in the slow-roll regime can alter significantly the predicted number of small halos. A class of models derived from supergravity theories gives rise to inflaton potentials with a large number of steps and many trans-Planckian effects may generate oscillations in the primordial power spectrum. The potentials we study are the simple quadratic (chaotic inflation) potential with superimposed small oscillations for small field values. Without leaving the slow-roll regime, we find that for a wide choice of parameters, the predicted number of halos change appreciably. For the oscillations beginning in the 10(7)-10(8) M(circle dot) range, for example, we find that only a 5% change in the amplitude of the chaotic potential causes a 50% suppression of the number of halos for masses between 10(7)-10(8) M(circle dot) and an increase in the number of halos for masses <10(6) M(circle dot) by factors similar to 15-50. We suggest that this might be a solution to the problem of the lack of observed dwarf galaxies in the range 10(7)-10(8) M(circle dot). This might also be a solution to the reionization problem where a very large number of Population III stars in low mass halos are required.

Effective coordination concept applied for phase change (GeTe)(m)(Sb(2)Te(3))(n) compounds

In this work, we employed the effective coordination concept to study the local environments of the Ge, Sb, and Te atoms in the Ge(m)Sb(2n)Te(m+3n) compounds. From our calculations and analysis, we found an average effective coordination number (ECN) reduction of 1.59, 1.42, and 1.37, for the Ge, Sb, Te atoms in the phase transition from crystalline, ECN=5.55 (Ge), 5.73 (Sb), 4.37 (Te), to the amorphous phase, ECN=3.96 (Ge), 4.31 (Sb), 3.09 (Te), for the Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) composition. Similar changes are observed for other compositions. Thus, our results indicate that the coordination changes from the crystalline to amorphous phase are not large as previously assumed in the literature, i.e., from sixfold to fourfold for Ge, which can contribute to obtain a better understanding of the crystalline to amorphous phase transition. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3533422]

LATENT RANK CHANGE DETECTION FOR ANALYSIS OF SPLICE-JUNCTION MICROARRAYS WITH NONLINEAR EFFECTS

Alternative splicing of gene transcripts greatly expands the functional capacity of the genome, and certain splice isoforms may indicate specific disease states such as cancer. Splice junction microarrays interrogate thousands of splice junctions, but data analysis is difficult and error prone because of the increased complexity compared to differential gene expression analysis. We present Rank Change Detection (RCD) as a method to identify differential splicing events based upon a straightforward probabilistic model comparing the over-or underrepresentation of two or more competing isoforms. RCD has advantages over commonly used methods because it is robust to false positive errors due to nonlinear trends in microarray measurements. Further, RCD does not depend on prior knowledge of splice isoforms, yet it takes advantage of the inherent structure of mutually exclusive junctions, and it is conceptually generalizable to other types of splicing arrays or RNA-Seq. RCD specifically identifies the biologically important cases when a splice junction becomes more or less prevalent compared to other mutually exclusive junctions. The example data is from different cell lines of glioblastoma tumors assayed with Agilent microarrays.