Toward a methodology for exploring Mathematics preservice teachers' learning from a sociocultural perspective. 'Hacia una metodología para explorar el aprendizaje de futuros profesores de Matemáticas desde una perspectiva sociocultural'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Forget about theory - practice is all? - Student teachers' learning in practicum

In 1999, all student teachers at secondary I level at the University of Bern who had to undertake an internship were asked to participate in a study on learning processes during practicum: 150 students and their mentors in three types of practicum participated—introductory practicum (after the first half‐year of studies), intermediate practicum (after two years of studies) and final practicum (after three years of studies). At the end of the practicum, student teachers and mentors completed questionnaires on preparing, teaching and post‐processing lessons. All student teachers, additionally, rated their professional skills and aspects of personality (attitudes towards pupils, self‐assuredness and well‐being) before and after the practicum. Forty‐six student teachers wrote daily semi‐structured diaries about essential learning situations during their practicum. Results indicate that in each practicum students improved significantly in preparing, conducting and post‐processing lessons. The mentors rated these changes as being greater than did the student teachers. From the perspective of the student teachers their general teaching skills also improved, and their attitudes toward pupils became more open. Furthermore, during practicum their self‐esteem and subjective well‐being increased. Diary data confirmed that there are no differences between different levels of practicum in terms of learning outcomes, but give some first insight into different ways of learning during internship.

Intervention strategies on teachers focused on creating meaningful educational environments for mathematical abilities development

This article describes an intervention process undertaken in a training program for preschool and first grade teachers from public schools in Cali, Colombia. The objective of this process is to provide a space for teachers to reflect on pedagogical practices which allow them to generate educational processes that foster children’s understanding of mathematical knowledge in the classroom. A set of support strategies was presented for helping teachers in the design, analysis and implementation of learning environments as meaningful educational spaces. Furthermore, participants engaged in an analysis of their own intervention modalities to identify which modalities facilitate the development of mathematical abilities in children. In order to ascertain the transformations in the teachers’ learning environments, the mathematical competences and cognitive processes underlying the activities proposed in the classroom, as well as teacher intervention modalities and the types of student participation in classroom activities were examined both before and after the intervention process. Transformations in the teachers’ conceptions about the children’s abilities and their own practices in teaching mathematics in the classroom were evidenced.

Primary school teacher’s noticing of students’ mathematical thinking in problem solving

Professional noticing of students’ mathematical thinking in problem solving involves the identification of noteworthy mathematical ideas of students’ mathematical thinking and its interpretation to make decisions in the teaching of mathematics. The goal of this study is to begin to characterize pre-service primary school teachers’ noticing of students’ mathematical thinking when students solve tasks that involve proportional and non-proportional reasoning. From the analysis of how pre-service primary school teachers notice students’ mathematical thinking, we have identified an initial framework with four levels of development. This framework indicates a possible trajectory in the development of primary teachers’ professional noticing.

Changes in how prospective teachers anticipate secondary students’ answers

This study focuses on how prospective teachers learn about students’ mathematical thinking when (i) anticipating secondary students’ answers reflecting different characteristics of understanding and (ii) propose new activities in relation to the classification of quadrilaterals. The data were collected from forty-eight prospective secondary school teachers enrolled in an initial training programme. The results indicate three changes in how the prospective teachers anticipate secondary students’ answers in relation to the role given to a perceptual or relational perspective of the classification of quadrilaterals. These changes are described considering how prospective teachers grasp the students’ understanding of the inclusive relation among quadrilaterals as a conceptual advance. We argue that prospective teachers’ learning was promoted after participating in a structured environment where they had the opportunity to discuss how to recognize the features of student’s understanding.

Teaching College Writing in a High School Setting: The Impact of Concurrent Enrollment on Teacher Learning and Practice

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Newly qualified teachers’ needs of support for professional competences in four European countries: Finland, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Belgium

The first few years in the teaching profession are usually demanding. Although initial teacher education forms an essential foundation for teachers’ work, it cannot fully prepare new teachers for the complexities of working life. This study focuses on investigating the need for professional development support among newly qualified teachers to determine what their professional learning needs are and how these needs differ among teachers from four different countries: Finland, the United Kingdom (England), Portugal and Belgium (Flanders). The research data was collected via a questionnaire from 314 teachers, each with less than five years of teaching experience, and both closed and open-ended questions were included. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis to identify the latent variables associated with their needs. Answers to the open-ended questions were used to gain deeper insight into the newly qualified teachers’ situation. The results indicate that new teachers need support, especially regarding conflict situations and in differentiating their teaching. In addition, when analysing the profiles of eight support-need latent variables, all of the teachers in the different countries viewed supporting students’ holistic development as the most important area. Although the results of this study cannot be generalised, they provide an important overview of new teachers’ learning needs that should be taken into account when planning and organising support for them. (DIPF/Orig.)

Avaliação do Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem em Matemática: contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural

This article presents the results of a study that investigated the meaning of evaluation in mathematics from the historical cultural perspective, focusing on activity theory. In order to develop the investigation, a collaborative group was formed from the Oficina Pedagogica de Matematica de Ribeirao Preto - Sao Paulo (Math Pedagogic Workshop of Ribeirao Preto - OPM/RP), constituted of pre-school teachers and early elementary school teachers, who were participants in this research. The main role of the collaborative group was to offer guided development to the teachers about the teaching of mathematics from the historical-cultural perspective, aiming at collecting data on the process of appropriation of mathematical knowledge by the teachers. The syntheses about the teachers' learning process have contributed to systematize the guiding elements of evaluation in mathematics from the historical-cultural perspective.

Aprendizagens em contexto de formação inicial: um estudo com futuros professores de ciências em Cabo Verde

O estudo faz parte de um projecto mais amplo, desenvolvido no âmbito do Grupo ESSA (Estudos Sociológicos em Sala de Aula), centrado na formação inicial de professores de ciências. Neste estudo partiu-se do seguinte problema: Que prática(s) pedagógica(s) é(são) implementada(s) na formação inicial de professores de ciências em Cabo Verde e de que forma essa(s) prática(s) se reflecte(m) na aprendizagem e intervenção pedagógica dos formandos? Teoricamente, o estudo baseia-se, em termos sociológicos, no modelo do discurso pedagógico de Bernstein (Bernstein, 2000). Em termos psicológicos, baseia-se nas ideias de Vygotsky (1978) e, na sua vertente epistemológica, na conceptualização de Ziman (1984) sobre a construção da ciência. Metodologicamente, o estudo enquadra-se numa abordagem de investigação mista. Com base numa dialéctica entre o teórico e o empírico, construíram-se instrumentos para caracterizar o contexto de formação inicial e a prática em sala de aula, e um guião de entrevista para apreciar as aprendizagens dos formandos. A investigação envolveu uma formadora e formandos de uma disciplina da área da Metodologia da Biologia de uma Escola Superior de Educação. Os resultados mostraram que o contexto específico de formação se caracterizou, em particular, pela desvalorização do trabalho experimental e da relação entre ciência e metaciência, por um baixo nível de exigência conceptual, por uma fraca articulação entre os conhecimentos e por um grau muito baixo de explicitação do texto a ser adquirido pelos formandos. Revelaram também que a formação pouco contribuiu para a aprendizagem e intervenção pedagógica dos formandos, isto é, para a aquisição da orientação específica de codificação (regras de reconhecimento e de realização) para características relacionadas com o que e com o como do ensino/aprendizagem das ciências. O estudo pretende contribuir com sugestões sobre a inclusão de características pedagógicas da aprendizagem científica na formação inicial de professores de ciências em Cabo Verde e permite reflectir sobre a importância da utilização de instrumentos metodológicos que possibilitem uma análise comparativa entre contextos e textos presentes na formação de professores.

Effets d’un dispositif de formation exploitant des vidéos d’exemples de pratiques sur le développement d’une compétence professionnelle chez des enseignants du primaire

Cette recherche avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet du dispositif de formation « Zoom sur l’expertise pédagogique », ou, plus précisément, d’évaluer l’effet d’un parcours de formation créé grâce à ce dispositif et intégrant des exemples de pratiques sur vidéo sur les apprentissages et les intentions de changement de pratique d’un groupe d’enseignants du primaire relativement à la compétence professionnelle « Piloter des situations d’enseignement-apprentissage ». La réforme des programmes scolaires, qui s’installe progressivement depuis 2001, modifie considérablement les orientations en matière d’apprentissage et d’enseignement. Sa réussite repose notamment sur l’appropriation de nouvelles compétences professionnelles souvent difficiles à développer pour le personnel enseignant. À ces besoins de formation, les modalités de formation continue proposées ne semblaient répondre que partiellement. Le dispositif a été développé dans le but de soutenir le personnel enseignant dans l’appropriation de ce renouveau pédagogique et propose de nouvelles stratégies de formation basées principalement sur l’observation et l’analyse d’exemples de pratiques sur vidéo et enrichis de divers outils stimulant la réflexion sur la pratique. Sa conception s’inscrit dans un contexte d’émergence d’initiatives similaires. Néanmoins, beaucoup de questions restaient en suspens quant aux effets réels de ces dispositifs sur le développement professionnel des enseignants. Afin de réaliser une évaluation de ce dispositif, nous avons créé un parcours de formation que six enseignants ont réalisé. Ces personnes ont ensuite participé à deux entrevues semi-dirigées et ont partagé les notes prises durant la formation. Un cadre théorique a été développé, permettant de dégager trois questions de recherche : « Quels ont été les effets du dispositif de formation sur les savoirs relatifs aux composantes de la compétence ciblée ? » ; « Quels ont été les effets du dispositif de formation sur les intentions de changement de pratique des enseignants ? » ; « Comment améliorer le dispositif pour mieux soutenir le développement professionnel des enseignants ? ». Ce cadre a par la suite guidé l’analyse et l’interprétation des données recueillies. Une quantité substantielle d’informations a été obtenue permettant de mieux comprendre et documenter le rôle d’un tel dispositif de formation en ligne et des vidéos qui le composent. Nous avons pu confirmer leur effet positif sur le développement professionnel. Nous retenons notamment que les enseignants sont en mesure de mieux définir les composantes de la compétence ciblée par la formation, ils ont confirmé leur sentiment d’avoir appris, ils ont tous exprimé l'intention d’apporter des changements dans leur pratique. Tous ont grandement apprécié le parcours et ses vidéos, notamment la possibilité qu’elles leur offraient de s’identifier à des pairs et d’envisager des pistes de mise en application plus concrètes de leurs nouvelles connaissances. Par ailleurs, les commentaires et les suggestions des participants ont permis de dégager des pistes d’amélioration telles que la diminution de la quantité de vidéos, du nombre d’éléments de compétence présentés, ou l’augmentation de compléments pédagogiques accompagnant les vidéos. Ces pistes devraient toutefois être précisées et étudiées ce qui génère de nouvelles questions de recherches.

Contribuição para um estudo sobre a utilização das metas de aprendizagem ; na escola e no trabalho dos professores

RESUMO:As Metas de Aprendizagem (MA) surgem em 2009 como o culminar de várias reformas curriculares, feitas avulsamente e com pouca articulação entre si. Sendo facultativas até 2013, este seria o momento ideal indagar se os professores de Educação Física as conhecem, o que pensam sobre elas, como as integram no seu planeamento individual / de grupo, o que se constitui como objectivo do estudo. Sendo um instrumento de Desenvolvimento Curricular multifacetado, apoiámo-nos numa Literatura que, para além de uma breve contextualização histórica, abordasse três áreas nucleares: as próprias Metas de Aprendizagem, o Planeamento e a Avaliação. Para concretizar os objectivos, foi testado e aplicado um questionário a 45 indivíduos, distribuído aleatoriamente, e cujas respostas foram sujeitas a tratamento estatístico. Não sendo uma amostra representativa, logo, impassível de extrapolação, obtiveram-se as seguintes conclusões: a maioria dos professores conhece e concorda com o documento; a maioria dos 33 indivíduos que conheciam as MA, revelou uma posição crítica muito positiva referindo como vantagens o apoio ao currículo e a uniformização do ensino, afirmou usar as MA no seu planeamento individual / grupo e manifestou-se unanimemente satisfeito com a sua aplicação. Os discordantes focam-se mais em questões de princípio do que na organização do documento.ABSTRACT: The Learning Methods (LM), arise in 2009 as the culmination of several curricular reforms, made piecemeal, with little coordination between them. Optional until 2013, this would be the ideal time to investigate whether the physical education teachers know them, what they think about them, as part of their planning in individual / group, which is the objective of the study. Being a multi-faceted tool for Curriculum Development, we support a literature that, apart from a brief historical background, addresses three core areas: their own Learning Methods, planning and evaluation. To achieve the objectives, it was tested and applied a questionnaire to 45 randomly selected individuals, and the answers were subjected to statistical analysis. Not being a representative sample, so impassive extrapolation, we obtained the following conclusions: most teachers know and agree with the document; most of the 33 individuals who knew the LM revealed a critical position as a very positive advantages referring to the curriculum and support standardization of education, said to use the LM in their planning individual / group and is unanimously expressed satisfaction with their application. The discordant focus more on issues of principle than in the organization of the document.

Da licenciatura à sala de aula: o processo de aprender a ensinar em tempos e espaços variados

Formação de professores é um desafio que ultrapassa fronteiras de espaço e tempo. No caso da formação inicial, as dificuldades de articular necessidades formativas oriundas do campo de atuação às possibilidades dos cursos que formam o professor se mantêm. Buscando contribuir para minimizá-las, realizou-se uma investigação, cujos objetivos foram: investigar processos de aprendizagem da docência e evidenciar concepções de futuros professores sobre a sua profissão. Formulou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas, respondido por vinte estudantes do último ano de licenciatura de uma universidade pública do interior paulista, de cursos distintos. Os dados foram analisados em seis eixos temáticos, resultando em significativas constatações, das quais se destaca a falta de saberes relativos à especificidade da profissão docente e ao contexto sócio-histórico no qual ela acontece, comprometendo a ação futura do professor e, consequentemente, a aprendizagem do aluno da escola básica. Cabe, pois, repensar a formação docente, numa época em que seu redimensionamento por meios tecnológicos é possível.

Colaboração universidade-escola: contribuições para o desenvolvimento profissional de professores de matemática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A formação do Professor de Línguas de uma Perspectiva Sociocultural

With the development of cognition studies and the awareness that teachers’ previous experiences, knowledge acquired in language teacher education programs and classroom experiences in different contexts shape the ways teachers think and construct their teaching practices, teacher education programs start to understand, from a sociocultural perspective, teachers’ learning as a dialogic process of knowledge co-construction, which is situated and emerges from practices and sociocultural contexts. Considering the relevance of this new perception, this article aims at presenting such theoretical perspective as well as its contributions to language teacher education research and teaching.

Estructuras argumentativas de estudiantes para profesores de matemáticas en un entorno en linea

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar cómo aprenden estudiantes para profesores de educación secundaria a analizar la enseñanza de las matemáticas como un aspecto del desarrollo de su competencia docente. Para ello, analizamos la estructura argumentativa de una discusión en línea entre estudiantes para profesores de enseñanza secundaria cuando están identificando e interpretando aspectos de la comunicación matemática como un rasgo característico de la enseñanza de las matemáticas. Para realizar el análisis, usamos el esquema de un argumento de Toulmin y centramos nuestra atención en cómo los estudiantes para profesor establecían la relación entre las conclusiones y los datos y cómo usaban las garantías. Los resultados muestran tres características de las estructuras argumentativas generadas por los estudiantes para profesor en un debate en línea que determinan oportunidades para el aprendizaje de la competencia docente “mirar con sentido” la enseñanza de las matemáticas: refinar garantías para apoyar una conclusión, discutir sobre cómo se debe establecer una conclusión para que sea admitida, y poner en duda las conclusiones.