Tartessos: a construção de identidades através do registo escrito e da documentação arqueológica : um estudo comparativo

Tese de doutoramento, História (Arqueologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014

Os retratos dos Coudreau: índios, civilização e miscigenação através das lentes de um casal de visionários que percorreu a Amazônia em busca do “bom selvagem” (1884-1899)

Considerando a importância da iconografia, principalmente a fotografia, para a elucidação de fatos relacionados à história da Amazônia, principalmente aqueles relativos à história dos povos indígenas, à cultura, à natureza, à história da ocupação da região, à vida das populações tradicionais, faço um exame das fotografias produzidas pelo casal Henri e Octavie Coudreau, nas suas viagens pelo interior do Pará, a serviço do governo do Estado, no período de 1883 a 1899, e aquelas produzidas unicamente por Octavie Coudreau, depois da morte do seu marido, no período de 1899 a 1903, inclusive quando estava a serviço do governo do Estado do Amazonas. Por meio de uma leitura detida e circunstanciada destes retratos, conjugada ao exame de outras fontes escritas, dentre as quais os próprios relatos dos viajantes, procuro entender aquilo que posso afirmar como sendo o maior paradoxo destes viajantes “de la Troisième République française”: a crença no ideal romântico do “bom selvagem” e a defesa intransigente de uma civilização e sua marcha inexorável, a qual, em última instância, seria responsável pela aniquilação total deste homem “primeiro e integral”. Secundariamente, o objetivo desta pesquisa é também refletir sobre o que fez o casal Coudreau se apegar a uma ideia – que depois se transformou em uma crença – de que seria possível encontrar nas matas amazônicas o “bom selvagem”. Assim, pretendemos entender até que ponto isso seria realmente uma crença ou simplesmente uma “isca” para atrair seus leitores, pois é nítida, nos relatos de Coudreau, a existência de dois discursos diferentes: um discurso romântico, este do bom selvagem, e outro claramente laudatório com relação ao progresso da região, a defesa da colonização filantrópica dos povos “primitivos” e o progresso infinito do Homem.

Rastros da civilização escolar: cultura e práticas da escola primária paulista (1960-1980)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Davidis LipsI Iscani ... Tractatus de hydropisis ejjusque specierum triplici cognitione et curatione galenico-spagyrica : optimorum quorumque medicorum veterum ... conscriptus et editus adjectis auctarii loc�� capitibus hubnerianis de morbis incurabilibus.

Mode of access: Internet.

Aquilegio medicinal : en que se da noticia das agoas de caldas, de fontes, rios, poços, lagoas, e cisternas do Reyno de Portugal e dos Algarves ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Institutionum juris ecclesiastici, publici et privati Liber subsidiarius I, Qui est Isagogicus, et Principia ac fontes juris ecclesiastici exhibet /

Mode of access: Internet.

Effect of broadcast baiting on abundance patterns of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and key local ant genera at long-term monitoring sites in Brisbane, Australia

In 2001, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) was identified in Brisbane, Australia. An eradication program involving broadcast bait treatment with two insect growth regulators and a metabolic inhibitor began in September of that year and is currently ongoing. To gauge the impacts of these treatments on local ant populations, we examined long-term monitoring data and quantified abundance patterns of S. invicta and common local ant genera using a linear mixed-effects model. For S. invicta, presence in pitfalls reduced over time to zero on every site. Significantly higher numbers of S. invicta workers were collected on high-density polygyne sites, which took longer to disinfest compared with monogyne and low-density polygyne sites. For local ants, nine genus groups of the 10 most common genera analyzed either increased in abundance or showed no significant trend. Five of these genus groups were significantly less abundant at the start of monitoring on high-density polygyne sites compared with monogyne and low-density polygyne sites. The genus Pheidole significantly reduced in abundance over time, suggesting that it was affected by treatment efforts. These results demonstrate that the treatment regime used at the time successfully removed S. invicta from these sites in Brisbane, and that most local ant genera were not seriously impacted by the treatment. These results have important implications for current and future prophylactic treatment efforts, and suggest that native ants remain in treated areas to provide some biological resistance to S. invicta.

Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms for Shortest Path Problems

We propose four variants of recently proposed multi-timescale algorithm in [1] for ant colony optimization and study their application on a multi-stage shortest path problem. We study the performance of the various algorithms in this framework. We observe, that one of the variants consistently outperforms the algorithm [1].

Effect of fragmentation, habitat loss and within-patch habitat characteristics on ant assemblages in semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia.

The reliability of ants as bioindicators of ecosystem condition is dependent on the consistency of their response to localised habitat characteristics, which may be modified by larger-scale effects of habitat fragmentation and loss. We assessed the relative contribution of habitat fragmentation, habitat loss and within-patch habitat characteristics in determining ant assemblages in semi-arid woodland in Queensland, Australia. Species and functional group abundance were recorded using pitfall traps across 20 woodland patches in landscapes that exhibited a range of fragmentation states. Of fragmentation measures, changes in patch area and patch edge contrast exerted the greatest influence on species assemblages, after accounting for differences in habitat loss. However, 35% of fragmentation effects on species were confounded by the effects of habitat characteristics and habitat loss. Within-patch habitat characteristics explained more than twice the amount of species variation attributable to fragmentation and four times the variation explained by habitat loss. The study indicates that within-patch habitat characteristics are the predominant drivers of ant composition. We suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting the independent effects of habitat fragmentation and loss on ant assemblages without jointly considering localised habitat attributes and associated joint effects.

Modelling the potential spread of Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (red imported fire ant) in Australia

Quantifying the potential spread and density of an invading organism enables decision-makers to determine the most appropriate response to incursions. We present two linked models that estimate the spread of Solenopsis invicta Buren (red imported fire ant) in Australia based on limited data gathered after its discovery in Brisbane in 2001. A stochastic cellular automaton determines spread within a location (100 km by 100 km) and this is coupled with a model that simulates human-mediated movement of S. invicta to new locations. In the absence of any control measures, the models predict that S. invicta could cover 763 000–4 066 000 km2 by the year 2035 and be found at 200 separate locations around Australia by 2017–2027, depending on the rate of spread. These estimated rates of expansion (assuming no control efforts were in place) are higher than those experienced in the USA in the 1940s during the early invasion phases in that country. Active control efforts and quarantine controls in the USA (including a concerted eradication attempt in the 1960s) may have slowed spread. Further, milder winters, the presence of the polygynous social form, increased trade and human mobility in Australia in 2000s compared with the USA in 1940s could contribute to faster range expansion.

Parallel processor scheduling for minimizing total weighted tardiness using ant colony optimization

In the modern business environment, meeting due dates and avoiding delay penalties are very important goals that can be accomplished by minimizing total weighted tardiness. We consider a scheduling problem in a system of parallel processors with the objective of minimizing total weighted tardiness. Our aim in the present work is to develop an efficient algorithm for solving the parallel processor problem as compared to the available heuristics in the literature and we propose the ant colony optimization approach for this problem. An extensive experimentation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the ACO approach on different problem sizes with the varied tardiness factors. Our experimentation shows that the proposed ant colony optimization algorithm is giving promising results compared to the best of the available heuristics.

Revised benefits and costs of eradicating the red imported fire ant

The paper revisits estimates of cost/benefit for eradication in Australia provided in 2001 which were based largely on information about a US ecosystem. The study had two major components; spread modelling using a cellular automation model provided by Joe Scanlan and an impact analysis undertaken by the remaining authors. The revised figures provided in this study increased the damage estimate from $2.8 billion to $45 billion and the benefit-cost ratio of eradication efforts improved from 25:1 to 390:1.

Invasion impacts on biodiversity: responses of ant communities to infestation by cat’s claw creeper, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae) in subtropical Australia

Ants are the dominant soil faunal group in many if not most terrestrial ecosystems, and play a key role in soil structure and function. This study documents the impacts of invasion by the exotic cat’s claw creeper vine, Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry (Bignoniaceae) on surface-situated (epigaeic) and subterranean (hypogaeic) ant communities in subtropical SE Queensland Australia where it is a major environmental weed of riparian areas, rainforest communities and remnant natural vegetation, smothering standing vegetation and causing canopy collapse. Soil ants were sampled in infested and uninfested areas at eight sites spanning both riparian and non-riparian habitats in subtropical SE Queensland. Patterns of ant species composition and functional grouping in response to patch invasion status, landscape type and habitat stratum were investigated using ANOVA and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination. The epigaeic and subterranean strata supported markedly different ant assemblages, and ant communities also differed between riparian and non-riparian habitats. However, M. unguis-cati invasion had a surprisingly limited impact. There was a tendency for ant abundance and species richness to be lower in infested patches, and overall species composition was different between infested and uninfested patches, but these differences were relatively small, and did not occur consistently across sites. There were changes in functional group composition that conformed to known functional group responses to environmental change, but these were similarly limited and inconsistent across sites. Our study has shown that ant communities are surprisingly resilient to invasion by M. unguis-cati, and serves as a warning against making assumptions about invasion impacts based on visual appearances.