ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM XYLOSE BY Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 IN A STIRRED TANK BIOREACTOR

The ethanol production by Pichia stipitis was evaluated in a stirred tank bioreactor using semi-defined medium containing xylose (90.0 g/l) as the main carbon source. Experimental assays were performed according to a 2(2) full factorial design to evaluate the influence of aeration (0.25 to 0.75 vvm) and agitation (150 to 250 rpm) conditions on ethanol production. In the studied range of values, the agitation increase and aeration decrease favored ethanol production, which was maximum (26.7 g/l) using 250 rpm and 0.25 vvm, conditions that gave a volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k(L)a value) of 4.9 h(-1). Under these conditions, the ethanol yield factor, ethanol productivity, and the process efficiency were 0.32 g/g, 0.32 g/l.h, and 63%, respectively. These results are promising and contribute to the development of a suitable process for ethanol production from xylose by Pichia stipitis.

Do Terrestrial Tank Bromeliads in Brazil Create Safe Sites for Palm Establishment or Act as Natural Traps for Its Dispersed Seeds ?

This study shows for the first time that terrestrial tank bromeliads from Brazilian restinga can act as natural traps for dispersed palm Euterpe edulis seeds. Such bromeliads, which are shade intolerant, gain benefits by limiting palm recruitment since they hinder canopy formation and, consequently, increase luminosity over its aggregates.

Full-scale demonstration of biological nutrient removal in a single tank SBR process

Complete biological nutrient removal (BNR) in a single tank, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, is demonstrated here at full-scale on a typical domestic wastewater. The unique feature of the UniFed process is the introduction of the influent into the settled sludge blanket during the settling and decant periods of the SBR operation. This achieves suitable conditions for denitrification and anaerobic phosphate release which is critical to successful biological phosphorus removal, It also achieves a selector effect, which helps in generating a compact, well settling biomass in the reactor. The results of this demonstration show that it is possible to achieve well over 90% removal of GOD, nitrogen and phosphorus in such a process. Effluent quality achieved over a six-month operating period directly after commissioning was: 29 mg/l GOD, 0.5 mg/l NH4-N, 1.5 mg/l NOx-N and 1.5 mg/l PO4-P (50%-iles of daily samples). During an 8-day, intensive sampling period, the effluent BOD5 was

Immature mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a eutrophic landfill tank from State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Introduction To determine the faunal composition of immature culicids inhabiting a percolation tank in the landfill of Sapucaia, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, immature mosquitoes were collected over a two-day period during the third weeks of April, August and October 2011. Results The species found were Culex usquatus, Lutzia bigoti, Anopheles argyritarsis and Limatus durhamii. This study is the first to report the colonization of eutrophic breeding sites by these species. Conclusions The oviposition behavior observed in this study suggests a secondary adaptation or change in habit to select eutrophic environments during the developmental stages of the observed species.

Producción de ácido Itacónico por Aspergillus terreus y de Ácido Hialurónico por Streptococcus equi subsp. equi en Biorreactores de Tanque Agitado. Production of Itaconic Acid by Aspergillus terreus and of Hyaluronic Acid by Sreptococcus equi subsp. equi in Stirred Tank Bioreactors.

El proyecto aborda el problema general de establecer una metodología para el cambio de escala de la producción de metabolitos en biorreactores de tanque agitado.En el desarrollo de procesos de producción de metabolitos a partir de microorganismos, el cambio de escala es particularmente complejo, dado que los microorganismos experimentan un continuo cambio en sus rutas metabólicas durante el período de producción. Esto hace que en el proceso del cambio de escala, las mayores dificultades se encuentren en el desarrollo del inóculo y problemas ocasionados por modificaciones en las características de transferencia de calor, masa y momento.Dentro de este contexto general se definen dos objetivos específicos. Estos son: el estudio de la producción de ácido itacónico por Aspergillus terreus y el de la producción de ácido hialurónico por Streptococcus equi. subsp. equi, con la finalidad de desarrollar una metodología de trabajo experimental y teórica que permita sistematizar el estudio del factibilidad técnico-económica de plantas de producción, vinculando la investigación del procesos a escala de laboratorio con la producción a mayor escala.La hipótesis de trabajo es que el estudio de la producción de Aspergillus terreus y de Streptococcus equi en un biorreactor de tanque agitado a escala de laboratorio permitirá establecer los parámetros que contribuirán a realizar el cambio de escala de su producción y esto será verificado experimentalmente.Los trabajos se realizarán utilizando un biorreactor a escala de laboratorio especialmente diseñado para este tipo de trabajo. Los resultados experimentales se interpretarán con técnicas estadísticas y matemáticas de diferente complejidad a efectos de establecer los criterios de cambio de escala y luego se realizarán experiencias en un biorreactor piloto con el objeto de verificar la metodología seleccionada.El desarrollo del proyecto permitirá:1.- obtener información técnica útil sobre la producción de ácido itacónico, el que tiene importantes aplicaciones en la industria del plástico. La producción por medio del Aspergillus terreus MJL05 se realizará utilizando glicerol como fuente de carbono, el que constituye el principal subproducto en los procesos de manufactura de biodiesel. De este modo se podrá analizar la factibilidad técnica de una ruta alternativa para emplear este subproducto.2.- obtener información técnica útil sobre la producción de ácido hialurónico, biopolímero de alto valor agregado con importantes aplicaciones en medicina, y contribuir así a realizar el cambio de escala de su producción.

An evaluation of septic tank effluent movement in soil and groundwater systems

Recent studies have shown that septic tank systems are a major source of groundwater pollution. Many public health workers feel that the most cri^cal aspect of the use of septic tanks as a means of sewage disposal is the contamination of private water wells with attendant human health hazards. In this study the movement and attenuation of septic tank effluents in a range of soil/overburden types and hydrogeological situations was investigated. The suitability of a number of chemical and biological tracer materials to monitor the movement of septic tank effluent constituents to groundwater sources was also examined. The investigation was divided into three separate but inteiTelated sections. In the first section of the study the movement of septic tank effluent from two soil treatment systems was investigated by direct measurements of soil nutrient concentrations and enteric bacterial numbers in the soil beneath and downgradient of the test systems. Two sites with different soil types and hydrogeological characteristics were used. The results indicated that the attenuation of the effluent in both of the treatment systems was incomplete. Migration of nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and fecal bacteria to a depth of 50 cm beneath the inverts of the distribution tiles was demonstrated on all sampling occasions. The lateral migration of the pollutants was less pronounced, although on occasions high nutrients levels and fecal bacterial numbers were detected at a lateral distance of 4.0 m downgradient of the test systems. There was evidence that the degree and extent of effluent migration was increased after periods of heavy or prolonged rainfall when the attenuating properties of the treatment systems were reduced as a result of saturation of the soil. The second part of the study examined the contamination of groundwaters downgradient of septic tank soil treatment systems. Three test sites were used in the investigation. The sites were chosen because of differences in the thicknesses and nature of the unsaturated zone available for effluent attenuation at each of the locations. A series of groundwater monitoring boreholes were installed downgradient of the test systems at each of the sites and these were sampled regularly to assess the efficiency of the overburden material in reducing the polluting potential of the wastewater. Effluent attenuation in the septic tank treatment systems was shown to be incomplete, resulting in chemical and microbiological contamination of the groundwaters downgradient of the systems. The nature and severity of groundwater contamination was dependent on the composition and thickness of the unsaturated zone and the extent of weathering in the underlying saturated bedrock. The movement of septic tank effluent through soil/overburdens to groundwater sources was investigated by adding a range of chemical and biological tracer materials to the three septic tank systems used in section two of the study. The results demonstrated that a single tracer type cannot be used to accurately monitor the movement of all effluent constituents through soils to groundwater. The combined use of lithium bromide and endospores of Bacillus globigii was found to give an accurate indication of the movement of both the chemical and biological effluent constituents.

Precipitation of barium sulfate in a semi-batch stirred tank reactor : influence of feeding policy on particle size and morphology

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2012

Iowa Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Board, June 30, 2002

State Agency Audit Report

Tanks en patrouille à Co[unty] Clare [tanks Whippet du 17ème bataillon du Royal Tank Corps] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57115

Une scène typique sur une route à Co[unty] Clare [patrouille du 17ème bataillon du Royal Tank Corps sur des tanks Whippet] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57112

Iowa Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Board State of Iowa, Independent Auditor's Reports Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, June 30, 2003

State Agency Audit Report

County Clare, une auto blindée sur le pont d'Ennis [automitrailleuse Austin, patrouille du 17ème bataillon du Royal Tank Corps, près de la caserne de la Royal Irish Constabulary à Ennis] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57114

Iowa Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Board, State of Iowa, Independent Auditor's Reports, Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, June 30, 2004

State Audit Reports