Il "caso" Maroncelli. Organizzazione del consenso e vincoli massonici nell'Italia radicale e nella New York della Tammany Hall, 1840-1890

Questa tesi parte da un evento “minore” della storia del XIX secolo per tendere, poi, ad alcuni obiettivi particolari. L’evento è costituito da uno strano funerale postumo, quello di Piero Maroncelli, carbonaro finito alla Spielberg, graziato, poi emigrato in Francia e in America, il cui corpo viene sepolto a New York nell’estate del 1846. Quarant’anni dopo, nel 1886, i resti di Maroncelli vengono esumati e – attraverso una “trafila” particolare, di cui è protagonista la Massoneria, da una sponda all’altra dell’Atlantico – solennemente trasferiti nella città natale di Forlì, dove vengono collocati nel pantheon del cimitero monumentale, inaugurato per l’occasione. Gli eventi celebrativi che si consumano a New York e a Forlì sono molto diversi fra loro, anche se avvengono quasi in contemporanea e sotto regie politiche ispirate dal medesimo radicalismo anticlericale. E’ chiaro che Maroncelli è un simbolo e un pretesto: simbolo di un’italianità transnazionale, composta di un “corpo” in transito, fuori dello spazio nazionale, ma appartenente alla patria (quella grande e quella piccola); pretesto per acquisire e rafforzare legami politici, mercè mobilitazioni di massa in un caso fondate sul festival, sulla festa en plein air, nell’altro sui rituali del cordoglio per i “martiri” dell’indipendenza. L’opportunità di comparare questi due contesti – l’Italia, colta nella sua periferia radicale e la New York della Tammany Hall -, non sulla base di ipotesi astratte, ma nella concretezza di un “caso di studio” reale e simultaneo, consente di riflettere sulla pervasività dell’ideologia democratica nella sua accezione ottocentesca, standardizzata dalla Massoneria, e, d’altro canto, sui riti del consenso, colti nelle rispettive tipicità locali. Un gioco di similitudini e di dissomiglianze, quindi. Circa gli obiettivi particolari – al di là della ricostruzione del “caso” Maroncelli -, ho cercato di sondare alcuni temi, proponendone una ricostruzione in primo luogo storiografica. Da un lato, il tema dell’esilio e del trapianto delle esperienze di vita e di relazione al di fuori del proprio contesto d’origine. Maroncelli utilizza, come strumento di identitario e di accreditamento, il fourierismo; la generazione appena successiva alla sua, grazie alla Giovine Italia, possiede già un codice interno, autoctono, cui fare riferimento; alla metà degli anni Cinquanta, ad esso si affiancherà, con successo crescente, la lettura “diplomatica” di ascendenza sabauda. Dall’altro, ho riflettuto sull’aspetto legato ai funerali politici, al cordoglio pubblico, al trasferimento postumo dei corpi. La letteratura disponibile, al riguardo, è assai ricca, e tale da consentire una precisa classificazione del “caso” Maroncelli all’interno di una tipologia della morte laica, ben delineata nell’Italia dell’Ottocento e del primo Novecento. E poi, ancora, ho preso in esame le dinamiche “festive” e di massa, approfondendo quelle legate al mondo dell’emigrazione italiana a Mew York, così distante nel 1886 dall’élite colta di quarant’anni prima, eppure così centrale per il controllo politico della città. Dinamiche alle quali fa da contrappunto, sul versante forlivese, la visione del mondo radicale e massonico locale, dominato dalla figura di Aurelio Saffi e dal suo tentativo di plasmare un’immagine morale e patriottica della città da lasciare ai posteri. Quasi un’ossessione, per il vecchio triumviro della Repubblica romana (morirà nel 1890), che interviene sulla toponomastica, sull’edilizia cemeteriale, sui pantheon civico, sui “ricordi” patriottici. Ho utilizzato fonti secondarie e di prima mano. Anche sulle prime, quantitativamente assai significative, mi sono misurata con un lavoro di composizione e di lettura comparata prima mai tentato. La giustapposizione di chiavi di lettura apparentemente distanti, ma giustificate dalla natura proteiforme e complicata del nostro “caso”, apre, a mio giudizio, interessanti prospettive di ricerca. Circa le fonti di prima mano, ho attinto ai fondi disponibili su Maroncelli presso la Biblioteca comunale di Forlì, alle raccolte del Grande Oriente d’Italia a Roma, a periodici italoamericani assai rari, sparsi in diverse biblioteche italiane, da Milano a Roma. Mi rendo conto che la quantità dei materiali reperiti, sovente molto eterogenei, avrebbero imposto una lettura delle fonti più accurata di quella che, in questa fase della ricerca, sono riuscita a condurre. E’ vero, però, che le suggestioni già recuperabili ad un’analisi mirata al contenuto principale – le feste, la propaganda, il cordoglio – consentono la tessitura di una narrazione non forzata, nella quale il ricordo della Repubblica romana viaggia da una sponda all’altra dell’Atlantica, insieme ai resti di Maroncelli; nella quale il rituale massonico funge da facilitatore e da “mediatore culturale”; nella quale, infine, il linguaggio patriottico e la koinè democratica trans-nazionale riescono incredibilmente a produrre o a incarnare identità. Per quanto tempo? La risposta, nel caso forlivese, è relativamente facile; in quello della “colonia” italiana di New York, presto alterata nella sua connotazione demografica dalla grande emigrazione transoceanica, le cose appaiono più complesse. E, tuttavia, nel 1911, cinquantesimo dell’Unità, qualcuno, nella grande metropoli americana, si sarebbe ricordato di Maroncelli, sia pure in un contesto e con finalità del tutto diverse rispetto al 1886: segno che qualcosa, sotto traccia, era sopravvissuto.

Program for July 4th celebration at Tamany Hall

Program for July 4th celebration at Tammany Hall, 8 pages.

The Tammany times.

Description based on: Vol. 38, no. 14 (Apr. 1, 1911); title from caption.

Improvising (Il)legality: Justice and the Irish Diaspora, NYC, 1930-32

The Seabury Commission, 1930-32, probed allegations of corruption made against, amongst others, the Irish-American Mayor of New York City, James J. ‘Jimmy’ Walker, and the Irish-dominated Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine that had supported Walker. Taking the Seabury inquiry as its focus, this article explores these allegations from the perspective of Critical Studies in Improvisation (C.S.I.) fused with postcolonial critique. Improvisation, in accordance with C.S.I. principles, is not a lawless or extempore event; it is, instead, lawful, or full of law. The laws of improvisation may appear impenetrable to those unfamiliar with the practice. However, when read through a hibernocentric postcolonial perspective, their meaning and form become more understandable. As will be argued in this article, diasporic communities are inherently improvisatory; that is, they utilise improvisational techniques to help adapt and respond to new situations and social contexts. To be queried is whether the law and politics practiced by Tammany and Walker, taken together, constituted a markedly Irish approach to justice, one that entailed not scripted or planned illegality, as was alleged by Judge Seabury, but improvisations on Anglo-Protestant law as a response to the displacement of and discrimination against the Irish Diaspora in early twentieth century America.

The Pittsburgh district civic frontage

I. The community: Pittsburgh the year of the survey, by E. T. Devine. Pittsburgh: an interpretation of its growth, by R. A. Woods. Coalition of Pittsburgh's civic forces, by A. T. Burns.--II. Civic conditions: Civic improvement possibilities in Pittsburgh, by C. M. Robinson. Thirty-five years of typhoid, by F. E. Wing. The housing of Pittsburgh's workers, by Emily W. Dinwiddie and F. Elisabeth Crowell. Three studies in housing and responsibility: Skunk hollow, by Florence L. Lattimore. Painter's row, Tammany hall, by F. Elisabeth Crowell. The aldermen and their courts, by H. V. Blaxter and A. H. Kerr. The disproportion of taxation in Pittsburgh, by S. M. Harrison.--III. Children and the city: Pittsburgh schools, by Lila Ver P. North. The playgrounds of Pittsburgh, by Beulah Kennard. The public library, by Frances J. Olcott. Pittsburgh as a foster mother, by Florence L. Lattimore.--Appendices.

Richard Croker,

Mode of access: Internet.

Business Leaders Hall of Fame collection

"Qld Business Leaders Hall of Fame" is a research project that includes interviews with eminent Qlders that produced oral history interviews and digital stories about their life/company's achievements. This model was able to test and evaluate the use of oral history and digital storytelling for learning and community heritage purposes. Interviewees include; Sir John and Valmai Pidgeon, Joseph Saragossi, Robert Bryan, Clem Jones, Jim Kennedy, Sr Angela Mary, Castelmaine Perkins, Burns and Philp, Qantas, Don Argus & Steve Irwin.

Hall-petch relationship and strain rate sensitivity of nanocrystalline Mg - 5wt% A1 alloy

This study investigated the grain size dependence of mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of microcrystalline (mc) and nanocrystalline (nc: grain size below 100 nm) Mg-5wt% Al alloys. The Hall-Petch relationship was investigated by both instrumented indentation tests and compression tests. The test results from the indentation tests and compression tests match well with each other. The breakdown of Hall-Petch relationship and the elevated strain rate sensitivity (SRS) of present Mg-5wt% Al alloys when the grain size was reduced below 58nm indicated the more significant role of GB mediated mechanisms in plastic deformation process. However, the relatively smaller SRS values compared to GB sliding and coble creep process suggested the plastic deformation in the current study is still dislocation mediated mechanism dominant.

Re-strengthening 20th century architectural heritage : A case study of Brisbane City Hall restoration

Restoring old buildings to conform the current building policies and standards is a great challenge to engineers and architects. The restoration of the Brisbane City Hall, a heritage building listed by the State of Queensland in Australia, developed an innovative approach to upgrade the building using the method called ‘concrete overlay’ following the guidelines of both the International Council on Monuments and Sites and the Burra Charter of Australia. Concrete overlay is a new method of structural strengthening by drilling new reinforcement and placing new concrete on top of the existing structure, akin to a bone transplant or bone grafting in the case of a human being. This method is popularly used for newer bridges which have suffered load stresses. However, this method had never been used on any heritage buildings which were built on different conditions and standards. The compatibility of this method is currently being monitored. Most of the modern historic buildings are rapidly deteriorating and require immediate interventions in order to be saved. As most of these heritage buildings are on the stage of advanced deterioration, significant attempts are being made and several innovations are being applied to upgrade these structures to conform with the current building requirements. To date, the knowledge and literature in regarding ‘concrete cancer’ in relation to rehabilitating these reinforced concrete heritage structures is significantly lacking. It is hoped that the method of concrete overlay and the case study of Brisbane City Hall restoration will contribute to the development of restoration techniques and policies for Modern Heritage Buildings.

Re-strengthening Brisbane City Hall

The restoration of Brisbane City Hall is an indication of a society that acknowledges the significance of cultural heritage. Preserving this historical icon required significant funding support, so the rehabilitation process must be thoroughly analysed and validated.

The social meaning of Brisbane City Hall

Three major periods of Brisbane's history were selected for examination of the social meaning of Brisbane City Hall: 1908 to 1920 – during which many debates about a 'new town hall' occurred, 1921 to 1930 – the construction phase, and the 1930s – City Hall's first decade of public use. This study shows that Brisbane City Hall is a central place where multiple social meanings have been made by residents and visitors. A broad range of views about City Hall existed during the periods studied; views and meanings that are not captured by its epithets or covered adequately by the existing literature. This thesis is an introductory study of the social meaning of Brisbane City Hall – what was said about it, how it was used and its significance to Brisbane's residents and visitors.

Re-strengthening Brisbane City Hall : a case study of heritage engineering

Upgrading old buildings with the evolution of building requirements, this project investigates new approaches that can be applied to strengthen our own heritage buildings using historical and comparative analysis of heritage building restorations locally and abroad. Within the newly developing field of Heritage Engineering, it evaluates the innovative Concrete Overlay technique adapted to building restoration of the Brisbane City Hall. This study aims to extend the application of Concrete Overlay techniques and determine its compatibility specifically to heritage buildings. Concrete overlay involves drilling new reinforcement and placing concrete on top of the existing structure. It is akin to a bone transplant or bone grafting in the case of a human being and has been used by engineers to strengthen newer bridges.

Built heritage management systems : the framework of a digital tool for the conservation of Brisbane City Hall

Brisbane City Hall (BCH) is arguably one of Brisbane’s most notable and iconic buildings. Serving as the public’s central civic and municipal building since 1930, the importance of this heritage listed building to cultural significance and identity is unquestionable. This attribute is reflected within the local government, with a simplified image of the halls main portico entrance supplying Brisbane City Council with its insignia and trademark signifier. Regardless of these qualities, this building has been neglected in a number of ways, primarily in the physical sense with built materials, but also, and just as importantly, through inaccurate and undocumented works. Numerous restoration and renovation works have been undertaken throughout BCH’s lifetime, however the records of these amendments are far and few between. Between 2010 and 2013, BCH underwent major restoration works, the largest production project undertaken on the building since its initial construction. Just prior to this conservation process, the full extent of the buildings deterioration was identified, much of which there was little to no original documentation of. This has led to a number of issues pertaining to what investigators expected to find within the building, versus what was uncovered (the unexpected), which have resulted directly from this lack of data. This absence of record keeping is the key factor that has contributed to the decay and unknown deficiencies that had amassed within BCH. Accordingly, this raises a debate about the methods of record keeping, and the need for a more advanced process that is able to be integrated within architectural and engineering programs, whilst still maintaining the ability to act as a standalone database. The immediate objective of this research is to investigate the restoration process of BCH, with focus on the auditorium, to evaluate possible strategies to record and manage data connected to building pathology so that a framework can be developed for a digital heritage management system. The framework produced for this digital tool will enable dynamic uses of a centralised database and aims to reduce the significant data loss. Following an in-depth analysis of this framework, it can be concluded that the implementation of the suggested digital tool would directly benefit BCH, and could ultimately be incorporated into a number of heritage related built form.