Efectos de pigmentación en el músculo de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mediante el uso de extractos pigmentantes de flor de cempasúchil (Tagetes erecta) y paprika (Capsicum annuum) incorporados en el alimento balanceado.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ecología Acuática y Pesca) UANL

Isolation, Stabilization and Characterization of Xanthophyll from Marigold Flower- Tagetes Erecta-L

The present paper deals with the chemistry, isolation, separation, characterisation and stabilisation of the Marigold oleoresin and its application as a natural food colorant. Marigold (Tagetes Erecta L), an ornamental plant belonging to the composite family, has a rich source of natural antioxidant-Lutein. A natural pigment, xanthophylls offer an alternative to synthetic dyes as a food colorant, due to its non-toxicity. Chromatographic separations of saponified and unsaponified oleoresin were performed and Trans-Lutein identified as the major constituent. Well-preserved flowers exhibit a high yield of Xanthophyll content (105.19 g/Kg) in contrast to the unpreserved flower sample (54.87 g/Kg), emphasizing the significance of flower preservation in the extraction of xanthophyll. The stability and amount of xanthophyll also increased from 105.19 g/Kg to 226.88 g/Kg on saponification and subsequent purification with Ethylene Dichloride

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) as an attractive crop to natural enemies in onion fields

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Herbicide selectivity in herbaceous ornamental gardens of tagetes erecta L.

One of the major problems in landscaping in tropics is weed management. The herbaceous ornamental plant, Tagetes erecta L. (Asteraceae), is very popular for its beautiful flowers which can be used in landscape and also as cut flowers. The increase use of this plant and lack of selective herbicides led to the objective of this study to evaluate the herbicide metribuzin selectivity for this ornamental plant. The experimental design was completely randomized using four treatments (herbicide metribuzin doses: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1, equivalent to 0, 240, 480 and 720 g ha-1) and five replicates. The herbicide was applied over the seedling of T. erecta as pre-emergence of the weed seeds. Evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA) by visual analysis of the toxicity symptoms over the ornamental, using the European Weed Research Council (EWRC) scale (1 to 9), where 1 is the total absence of symptoms and 9 to death plants. Polynomial regression statistical analysis was used. It was verified that, from the dose of 1.0 L ha-1, T. erecta plants died by 14 DAA, which the most of them had presented a very strong toxicity symptom; for the 0.5 L ha-1 treatment the plants had survived until 28 DAA. However, most of them already exhibited the high toxicity level, dying at 35 DAA. Thus, metribuzin was not suitable for T. erecta even at the lowest rate tested in this study.

Seletividade do herbicida oxyfluorfen para as plantas ornamentais Dianthus chinensis L. e Tagetes erecta L

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Phytotoxicity of Tagetes erecta L. and Tagetes patula L. on plant germination and growth

This study evaluated the phytotoxic potential and antioxidant activity of Tagetes patula and Tagetes erecta, and total phenols and flavonoids of the extracts were quantified. Laboratory bioassays for both pre- and post-emergence were performed in Lactuca sativa L. seeds and in the Allium cepa seeds test. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power of iron, besides total phenols and flavonoids quantification in the extracts. Thus, was observed a reduction in the mitotic index when in compared with the negative control. Was observed also a reduction the germination and development of tested seedlings and was verified a considerable antioxidant potential and presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the extracts. According to these results, it is possible to conclude that T. erecta and T. patula have phytotoxic compounds that may enhance and expand their use in the management of organic agriculture, mainly in vegetables.

In vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Tagetes erecta

The in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil obtained from Tagetes erecta L. Asteraceae, leaves (TE-EO) collected in Brazil against Schistosoma mansoni worms are reported in this paper. The oil caused a significant decrease in the motor activity at 50 µg/mL as minimal concentration after 24 h. This oil also caused death of all the parasites and the separation of coupled pairs into individual male and female at 100 µg/mL after 24 h. The viability of adult worm groups treated with the TE-EO at 100 µg/mL was similar to that of groups treated with praziquantel (positive control). In addition, the oil promoted the inhibition of eggs development at all the tested concentrations. These data indicate that the TE-EO could be considered as a promising source for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.

万寿菊的镉吸收和积累机制研究

本文主要以一种重金属镉积累型植物——万寿菊为实验材料，通过系统的生物学实验研究了万寿菊的镉吸收和积累机制，以期为应用该植物修复镉污染土壤提供更多的理论和技术支持。 通过人工调控温度、光照和营养元素供应等植物生长因子，分析万寿菊镉积累变化情况，研究发现万寿菊地上部分的镉积累不取决于蒸腾作用，而与植物的生长密切相关。 采用水培分根实验和稳定同位素技术研究了镉在万寿菊体内的迁移和积累。研究结果表明，万寿菊根部Cd向木质部装载可能通过主动运输的共质体路径完成的，进而镉通过木质部向茎叶中运输，横向迁移较弱。而镉在万寿菊叶片中呈现的规律性分布——未成熟叶片中镉含量显著高于成熟叶片中镉含量，与不同部位叶片的水分需求和蒸腾速率无关，可能是由不同部位叶片的营养需求和生长差异引起的，Cd随着植物的营养需求和生长积累于植物体的相应部位。积累于叶片中的镉稳定性较强，不易向其他器官中迁移，而根和茎中积累的大部分镉可以向其他部位迁移。 最后，通过调控营养元素氮、磷和硫的供应，研究了氮、磷和硫对万寿菊镉积累的影响，以及巯基化合物和有机酸的合成在植物镉积累中的作用。研究发现，缺氮、缺磷、缺硫都不同程度地影响了植物体内镉积累，这可能与其中植物络合素和有机酸等合成的改变有关；植物络合素在万寿菊镉的解毒和运输中发挥着一定的作用，而有机酸能够络合植物体溶解态的镉，降低镉的移动性。

不同丛枝菌根真菌对万寿菊生长及柴油降解率的影响

在盆栽条件下,用沈抚污灌区非灭菌水稻土,研究了柴油浓度为5 000 mg·kg-1时接种3种AM真菌(Glomus mosseae,G.geospora,G.constrictum)和细菌对万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)耐油性的影响.结果表明,在此浓度下,AM菌仍能和万寿菊形成共生体,白色万寿菊比黄色万寿菊耐油能力强,总生物量增加63.1％;接种AM真菌的处理,其侵染率比对照高3.5％～29.9％.G.mosseae和G.geospora是较好的菌种,总生物量分别比对照增加9.0％和42.7％;混接AM真菌效果一般.施入细菌菌剂虽然抑制了AM菌对万寿菊的侵染,但促进了菌根化植物的营养生长和生殖生长.5种接菌处理中,以接种G.geospora和混接AM菌和细菌的处理最好,对柴油的降解率分别比对照增加16.51％和14.05％.

缺硫对万寿菊镉积累的影响

采用营养液培养法,研究了缺硫对万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)各器官镉积累的影响,以及巯基化合物和有机酸等在各器官镉积累中的作用。结果表明:0.1 mg.L-1镉处理7 d,缺硫处理显著降低了植物根、茎和叶中的镉含量,较对照分别降低了47%、38%和61%;缺硫对植物体内半胱氨酸、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽和有机酸的合成没有显著影响,而且3种巯基化合物的含量都很低;缺硫植物根部合成的植物络合素的量显著降低,这可能是植物体内镉积累减少的主要原因;在植物的各器官中,叶片中的有机酸含量最高,而在叶片中未检测到植物络合素,由此可推断,叶片中积累的镉主要与有机酸结合;缺硫影响了根部植物络合素的合成,进而降低了植物体内镉的积累,而缺硫没有影响植物体内有机酸的合成,有机酸可能仅是参与植物组织中与镉的络合作用。

Controle de mosca-branca com extratos vegetais, em tomateiro cultivado em casa-de-vegetação

Visando buscar métodos alternativos no controle da mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B em tomateiro, foram realizados testes de atratividade e preferência para oviposição em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se quatorze extratos aquosos a 3% (peso/volume). Os extratos foram preparados com partes de Azadirachta indica, Trichilia pallida,Chenopodium ambrosioides,Piper nigrum,Melia azedarach,Ruta graveolens,Ricinus communis,Mentha pulegium,Tagetes erecta,Eucalyptus citriodora,Cymbopogon nardus e Coriandrum sativum. Numa segunda etapa, os extratos mais eficientes em casa-de-vegetação foram observados em laboratório, a fim de avaliar o possível efeito sistêmico dos mesmos sobre ninfas da mosca-branca. Constatou-se que as plantas de tomateiro pulverizadas com extratos à base de folhas de M. pulegium e folhas e sementes de A. indica foram menos atrativas aos adultos do inseto. Plantas pulverizadas com extratos de folhas de A. indica e folhas + ramos de R. communis mostraram efeitos deterrentes à oviposição do inseto, reduzindo o número de ovos; em contrapartida, o extrato à base de folhas de C. nardus estimulou a oviposição da mosca-branca sobre as plantas. O uso dos extratos por via sistêmica não afetou o período de desenvolvimento (ovo-adulto) da mosca-branca; entretanto, a presença de extratos de sementes e folhas de A. indica e de folhas de M. pulegium provocou aumento significativo na mortalidade de ninfas de B. tabaci biótipo B.

Plant-derived essential oils affecting settlement and oviposition of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B on tomato

The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an economically important pest of tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum (L.), causing irregular ripening on fruits and transmitting several plant pathogenic geminiviruses. The management of this pest is commonly based on repetitive spraying with synthetic pesticides, causing serious environmental damages and increase of resistance by insect population. In the present study, essential oils from the leaves of Artemisia camphorata Vill., Ageratum conyzoides L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br., Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., and Tagetes erecta L. were investigated for their possible repellent and oviposition-deterrent effects against B. tabaci biotype B on tomato. In a multi-choice assay, P. neochilus essential oil was the most active repellent and oviposition deterrent. Essential oils of A. conyzoides and T. erecta significantly deterred the female B. tabaci biotype B from laying eggs on treated tomato leaflets compared with the control. (E)-Caryophyllene (30.67 %) and the monoterpenes α-pinene (15.02 %) and α-thujene (11.70 %) were identified as the major constituents of the essential oil of P. neochilus. Our findings demonstrated the potential of essential oil of P. neochilus and other oils in the reduction of settlement and oviposition of B. tabaci biotype B on tomato. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Hábito alimentar e morfologia do aparelho digestivo de espécies de Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) associados a plantas herbáceas e ao algodoeiro colorido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Identificación de compuestos activos en dos especies de Tagetes (Compositae) con toxicidad para larvas de Aedes Aegypti L.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Entomología Médica) UANL