Töttö ja älykkyyden merkitys

Vastine professori Pertti Tötön kommenttiin TT -lehdessä 8/2004

Modulation of the actin cytoskeleton in the folliculo-stellate cell line TtT/GF by serum factors

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Modulation of the actin cytoskeleton in the folliculo-stellate cell line TtT/GF by serum factors

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Achieving the millennium development goals for health - Time to reassess strategies for improving health in developing countries

Making best use of resources is vital in developing countries that are struggling to improve public health with limited funds. The WHO-CHOICE project has developed standardised methods to,evaluate the efficiency of a broad range of interventions. Ibis series starts by assessing die problems with strategies for meeting the millennium development goals. Subsequent articles describe the methods, apply them to maternal and neonatal health, child health, HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and consider the implications for an overall health strategy. All appear on bmj.com this week.

Asymptomatic primary Epstein-Barr virus infection occurs in the absence of blood T-cell repertoire perturbations despite high levels of systemic viral load

Primary infection with the human herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), may result in subclinical seroconversion or may appear as infectious mononucleosis (IM), a lymphoproliferative disease of variable severity. Why primary infection manifests differently between patients is unknown, and, given the difficulties in identifying donors undergoing silent seroconversion, little information has been reported. However, a longstanding assumption has been held that IM represents an exaggerated form of the virologic and immunologic events of asymptomatic infection. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of a unique cohort of subclinically infected patients undergoing silent infection were studied, and the results highlight a fundamental difference between the 2 forms of infection. In contrast to the massive T-cell expansions mobilized during the acute symptomatic phase of IM, asymptomatic donors largely maintain homeostatic T-cell control and peripheral blood repertoire diversity. This disparity cannot simply be linked to severity or spread of the infection because high levels of EBV DNA were found in the blood from both types of acute infection. The results suggest that large expansions of T cells within the blood during IM may not always be associated with the control of primary EBV infection and that they may represent an overreaction that exacerbates disease. (C) 2001 by The American Society of Hematology.

Cytotoxic T cell polyepitope vaccines delivered by ISCOMs

CD8 alpha beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) polyepitope or polytope vaccines have traditionally been delivered using recombinant vector or DNA based delivery modalities. Here we show the delivery of polytope vaccines in the form of either synthetic polypeptides or recombinant polytope proteins by ImmunoStimulatory COMplexes (ISCOMs (R)). Induction of multiple protective CTL responses by these polytope-ISCOM formulations were comparable to viral vector or DNA based delivery modalities as assessed by IFN gamma ELISpot, chromium release and viral challenge assays. Measurement of CTL responses specific for the different epitopes revealed imunodominance patterns, which were largely independent of the vaccine vector or the order of the epitopes in the polytope. ISCOMs thus emerge as a viable human delivery modality for protein-based polytope vaccines. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effects of fillers on the chemorheology of highly filled epoxy resins: I. Effects on cure transitions and kinetics

This work examines the effects of level of silica filler (at 0, 10, 30, 50wt%) on the gelation and vitrification of a model silica-filled diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF)/methylenedianiline (MDA) system. An increased filler level is shown to decrease the gelation and vitrification times at low temperatures (below 80degreesC). FTIR cure kinetics show that the reaction rates are increased and the activation energies of gelation are reduced at these temperatures, indicating that network formation is made easier. Entropic and catalytic reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry.

Nó do Barreiro: ligação da terceira travessia do Tejo à ER11-2 articulação com a rede envolvente, traçado (estudo prévio)

O objectivo deste projecto foi desenvolver, a nível de Estudo Prévio, a solução mais adequada em termos de traçado rodoviário para o Nó do Barreiro, partindo dos pressupostos do Estudo de Viabilidade (Outubro 2006) e do Estudo Prévio (Maio 2008) existentes. Os estudos referidos foram realizados no âmbito da Terceira Travessia do Tejo, tendo sido incluídas as acessibilidades rodoviárias que contêm o Nó do Barreiro que será alvo de análise. Este Nó de Ligação visa garantir a melhor articulação entre as duas vias rápidas previstas (IC21 e ER 11-2) e as acessibilidades locais da cidade do Barreiro. O projecto que se apresenta foi elaborado com base no software InRoads para o cálculo rodoviário e na plataforma de desenho AutoCAD para a produção das peças desenhadas. Os traçados e os cálculos respectivos foram desenvolvidos sobre a cartografia do Estudo Prévio, à escala 1:5000, sendo os desenhos relativos ao traçado em Planta e Perfil Longitudinal apresentados na escala 1:2000. O volume de solos associados às terraplanagens do conjunto de ligações é apresentado em anexo e representa um total de 1.021.000m3, correspondendo 82% a material para aterro e 18% a escavação. Daqui se conclui que o nó apresenta um deficit de terras da ordem dos 653.000m3. De qualquer modo esta análise volumétrica não se deve dissociar do resto do empreendimento, para uma rigorosa e real avaliação do equilíbrio de terras. A nível da drenagem foram efectuados os cálculos hidrológicos, relativos à drenagem transversal das várias vias, sendo as mesmas representadas nos desenhos de Planta e Perfil Longitudinal na escala 1:2000.

Optimization of the Sybr Green real time PCR for the detection of Human Herpes Virus type 6 (HHV-6)

HHV-6 is the etiological agent of Exanthem subitum which is considered the sixth most frequent disease in infancy. In immuno-compromised hosts, reactivation of latent HHV-6 infection may cause severe acute disease. We developed a Sybr Green Real Time PCR for HHV-6 and compared the results with nested conventional PCR. A 214 pb PCR derived fragment was cloned using pGEM-T easy from Promega system. Subsequently, serial dilutions were made in a pool of negative leucocytes from 10-6 ng/µL (equivalent to 2465.8 molecules/µL) to 10-9 (equivalent to 2.46 molecules/µL). Dilutions of the plasmid were amplified by Sybr Green Real Time PCR, using primers HHV3 (5' TTG TGC GGG TCC GTT CCC ATC ATA 3)'and HHV4 (5' TCG GGA TAG AAA AAC CTA ATC CCT 3') and by conventional nested PCR using primers HHV1 (outer): 5'CAA TGC TTT TCT AGC CGC CTC TTC 3'; HHV2 (outer): 5' ACA TCT ATA ATT TTA GAC GAT CCC 3'; HHV3 (inner) and HHV4 (inner) 3'. The detection threshold was determined by plasmid serial dilutions. Threshold for Sybr Green real time PCR was 24.6 molecules/µL and for the nested PCR was 2.46 molecules/µL. We chose the Real Time PCR for diagnosing and quantifying HHV-6 DNA from samples using the new Sybr Green chemistry due to its sensitivity and lower risk of contamination.

Elaboração de um diagrama TAC para um aço de alta tenacidade API X-70

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais

Resistência a insecticidas em Anopheles gambiae s.l. na Região de Luanda, Angola

Em Angola, a malária é a principal causa de morbilidade e de mortalidade infantil. O controlo de vectores com recurso aos insecticidas representa uma parte importante da estratégia actual para a prevenção da doença. Em Anopheles gambiae s.s., principal vector de malária em África, estão identificadas duas mutações pontuais no gene que codifica os canais de sódio das membranas das células do sistema nervoso, conferindo resistência knockdown (kdr) aos insecticidas piretróides e ao DDT. Também se encontra descrita para esta espécie uma mutação no gene acetilcolinesterase-1 (ace-1), associada à resistência a carbamatos e organofosfatos. Este trabalho teve como principal objectivo avaliar o nível de resistência aos insecticidas em An. gambiae da província de Luanda, Angola e determinar a frequência destas mutações. Foram realizadas colheitas entomológicas em 2009 e 2010, através da prospeção de criadouros larvares. Os insectos capturados foram criados até a emergência do adulto e sujeitos a ensaios de susceptibilidade a insecticidas, através de testes da OMS. A identificação de espécies e formas moleculares do complexo An. gambiae, bem como a pesquisa de mutações no gene ace-1 foram feitas por PCR-RFLP. A pesquisa de mutações no gene kdr foi realizada por PIRA-PCR. Amostras selecionadas de mosquitos (incluindo uma amostra proveniente de uma colheita de adultos) foram ainda genotipadas para 11 loci microssatélites. Os níveis de resistência para a permetrina, DDT e -cialotrina foram elevados, com taxas de mortalidade inferiores a 70% em ambos os anos. Em contraste, as taxas de mortalidade foram sempre acima de 98% para bendiocarb e fenitrotião, indicadoras de susceptibilidade a estes insecticidas. Todas as amostras processadas foram identificadas como An. gambiae s.s., forma molecular M e não se observou a mutação no gene ace-1 associada à resistência. Em ambos os anos, foi detectada apenas a mutação L1014F no locus kdr e a frequência do alelo mutante (TTT) foi bastante elevada. Em 2009, observou-se uma associação entre genótipos homozigóticos para o alelo 1014F e o fenótipo resistente, para os insecticidas piretróides e para o DDT. O polimorfismo dos loci microssatélites analisados foi elevado, com a riqueza alélica a variar entre 5 (45C1) e 20 (H128) e a heterozigotia esperada entre 0,529 (H577) e 0,862 (H249). A análise genética não revelou um grau de parentesco entre os indivíduos que constituíram as amostras estudadas. Este resultado sugere que os elevados níveis de resistência observados não foram influenciados pelo método de colheita de mosquitos que, em certas condições, poderia contribuir para a amostragem de indivíduos aparentados.

Surface phenomena and hydrodynamic effects on the deposition of Pseudomonas fluorescens

Biofilm adhesion to metals (copper, aluminium and brass) was studied at two different velocities and pH values of 7 and 9. Both bacteria and metals showed negative surface charges at those values of pH, which tends to slow down adhesion. Film densities increased with the fluid velocity and were also affected by the pH and by the growth rate of the bacteria. Long duration tests based on heat transfer measurements were run at five different fluid velocities and at pH = 7, showing in general an asymptotic behaviour and a control of deposition by adhesion and growth phenomena.

Comparison between tilt-table testing results performed during different periods of the day

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influences of circadian variations on tilt-table testing (TTT) results by comparing the positivity rate of the test performed during the morning with that of the test performed in the afternoon and to evaluate the reproducibility of the results in different periods of the day. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients with recurrent unexplained syncope or near-syncope referred for TTT were randomized into 2 groups. In group I, 68 patients, TTT was performed first in the afternoon and then in the morning. In group II, 55 patients, the test was performed first in the morning and then in the afternoon. RESULTS: The TTT protocol was the prolonged passive test, without drug sensitization. Twenty-nine (23.5%) patients had a positive result in at least one of the periods. The positivity rate for each period was similar: 20 (16.2%) patients in the afternoon and 19 (15.4%) in the morning (p=1.000). Total reproducibility (positive/positive and negative/negative) was observed in 49 (89%) patients in group I and in 55 (81%) in group II. Reproducibility of the results was obtained in 94 (90.4%) patients with first negative tests but in 10 (34%) patients with first positive tests. CONCLUSION: TTT could be performed during any period of the day, and even in the 2 periods to enhance positivity. Considering the low reproducibility rate of the positive tests, serial TTT to evaluate therapeutic efficacy should be performed during the same period of the day.

Body temperature regulation and outcome after cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia.

OBJECTIVE: Therapeutic temperature modulation is recommended after cardiac arrest (CA). However, body temperature (BT) regulation has not been extensively studied in this setting. We investigated BT variation in CA patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and analyzed its impact on outcome. METHODS: A prospective cohort of comatose CA patients treated with TH (32-34°C, 24h) at the medical/surgical intensive care unit of the Lausanne University Hospital was studied. Spontaneous BT was recorded on hospital admission. The following variables were measured during and after TH: time to target temperature (TTT=time from hospital admission to induced BT target <34°C), cooling rate (spontaneous BT-induced BT target/TTT) and time of passive rewarming to normothermia. Associations of spontaneous and induced BT with in-hospital mortality were examined. RESULTS: A total of 177 patients (median age 61 years; median time to ROSC 25 min) were studied. Non-survivors (N=90, 51%) had lower spontaneous admission BT than survivors (median 34.5 [interquartile range 33.7-35.9]°C vs. 35.1 [34.4-35.8]°C, p=0.04). Accordingly, time to target temperature was shorter among non-survivors (200 [25-363]min vs. 270 [158-375]min, p=0.03); however, when adjusting for admission BT, cooling rates were comparable between the two outcome groups (0.4 [0.2-0.5]°C/h vs. 0.3 [0.2-0.4]°C/h, p=0.65). Longer duration of passive rewarming (600 [464-744]min vs. 479 [360-600]min, p<0.001) was associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Lower spontaneous admission BT and longer time of passive rewarming were associated with in-hospital mortality after CA and TH. Impaired thermoregulation may be an important physiologic determinant of post-resuscitation disease and CA prognosis. When assessing the benefit of early cooling on outcome, future trials should adjust for patient admission temperature and use the cooling rate rather than the time to target temperature.