A new enzyme immunoassay for PCDD/F TEQ screening in environmental samples: Comparison to micro-EROD assay and to chemical analysis

A new Enzyme ImmunoAssay (EIA) for PCDD/F TEQ measurement in extracts of environmental samples was described. The bioassay TEQ which derived from EIA and EROD were compared with each other and with results from chemical analysis. For all environmental samples, the EROD-TEQ is higher than the value from chemical analysis. However, the EIA-TEQ is much more identical with the value from chemical analysis. Our results indicate that the EIA assay is a complementary method to the EROD assay and should be useful as a rapid and sensitive screening tool for environmental samples in many situations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

A hybrid mixed cost-function TEQ initialization algorithm for ADSL modems

In this paper, we present a hybrid mixed cost-function adaptive initialization algorithm for the time domain equalizer in a discrete multitone (DMT)-based asymmetric digital subscriber loop. Using our approach, a higher convergence rate than that of the commonly used least-mean square algorithm is obtained, whilst attaining bit rates close to the optimum maximum shortening SNR and the upper bound SNR. Moreover, our proposed method outperforms the minimum mean-squared error design for a range of TEQ filter lengths.

Partitioning of dioxins (PCDDs/Fs) in ambient air at urban residential locations

In this work, 17-polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxin/furan (PCDD/Fs) isomers were measured in ambient air at four urban sites in Seoul, Korea (from February to June 2009). The concentrations of their summed values RPCDD/Fs) across all four sites ranged from 1,947 (271 WHO05 TEQ) (Jong Ro) to 2,600 (349 WHO05 TEQ) fg/m3 (Yang Jae) with a mean of 2,125 ± 317) fg/m3 (292 WHO05 TEQ fg/m3). The sum values for the two isomer groups of RPCDD and RPCDF were 527 (30 WHO05 TEQ) and 1,598 (263 WHO05 TEQ) fg/m3, respectively. The concentration profile of individual species was dominated by the 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF isomer, which contributed approximately 36 % of the RPCDD/Fs value. The observed temporal trends in PCDD/F concentrations were characterized by relative enhancement in the winter and spring. The relative contribution of different sources, when assessed by principal component analysis, is explained by the dominance of vehicular emissions along with coal (or gas) burning as the key source of ambient PCDD/Fs in the residential areas studied.

Environmental health risk assessment of dioxin in foods at the two most severe dioxin hot spots in Vietnam

Background Bien Hoa and Da Nang airbases were bulk storages for Agent Orange during the Vietnam War and currently are the two most severe dioxin hot spots. Objectives This study assesses the health risk of exposure to dioxin through foods for local residents living in seven wards surrounding these airbases. Methods This study follows the Australian Environmental Health Risk Assessment Framework to assess the health risk of exposure to dioxin in foods. Forty-six pooled samples of commonly consumed local foods were collected and analyzed for dioxin/furans. A food frequency and Knowledge–Attitude–Practice survey was also undertaken at 1000 local households, various stakeholders were involved and related publications were reviewed. Results Total dioxin/furan concentrations in samples of local “high-risk” foods (e.g. free range chicken meat and eggs, ducks, freshwater fish, snail and beef) ranged from 3.8 pg TEQ/g to 95 pg TEQ/g, while in “low-risk” foods (e.g. caged chicken meat and eggs, seafoods, pork, leafy vegetables, fruits, and rice) concentrations ranged from 0.03 pg TEQ/g to 6.1 pg TEQ/g. Estimated daily intake of dioxin if people who did not consume local high risk foods ranged from 3.2 pg TEQ/kg bw/day to 6.2 pg TEQ/kg bw/day (Bien Hoa) and from 1.2 pg TEQ/kg bw/day to 4.3 pg TEQ/kg bw/day (Da Nang). Consumption of local high risk foods resulted in extremely high dioxin daily intakes (60.4–102.8 pg TEQ/kg bw/day in Bien Hoa; 27.0–148.0 pg TEQ/kg bw/day in Da Nang). Conclusions Consumption of local “high-risk” foods increases dioxin daily intakes far above the WHO recommended TDI (1–4 pg TEQ/kg bw/day). Practicing appropriate preventive measures is necessary to significantly reduce exposure and health risk.

Quality Assurance and Assessment in Technical Education System: A Web Based Approach

Engineering education quality embraces the activities through which a technical institution satisfies itself that the quality of education it provides and standards it has set are appropriate and are being maintained. There is a need to develop a standardised approach to most aspects of quality assurance for engineering programmes which is sufficiently well defined to be accepted for all assessments.We have designed a Technical Educational Quality Assurance and Assessment (TEQ-AA) System, which makes use of the information on the web and analyzes the standards of the institution. With the standards as anchors for definition, the institution is clearer about its present in order to plan better for its future and enhancing the level of educational quality.The system has been tested and implemented on the technical educational Institutions in the Karnataka State which usually host their web pages for commercially advertising their technical education programs and their Institution objectives, policies, etc., for commercialization and for better reach-out to the students and faculty. This helps in assisting the students in selecting an institution for study and to assist in employment.

Low complexity adaptation for SISO channel shortening equalizers

Since the days of Digital Subscriber Links (DSL), time domain equalizers (TEQ's) have been used to combat time dispersive channels in Multicarrier Systems. In this paper, we propose computationally inexpensive techniques to recompute TEQ weights in the presence of changes in the channel, especially over fast fading channels. The techniques use no extra information except the perturbation to the channel itself, and provide excellent approximations to the new TEQ weights. Adaptation methods for two existing Channel shortening algorithms are proposed and their performance over randomly varying, randomly perturbed channels is studied. The proposed adaptation techniques are shown to perform admirably well for small changes in channels for OFDM systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Low complexity adaptation for channel shortening equalizers

Since the days of Digital Subscriber Links(DSL), Time Domain Equalizers(TEQ's) have been used to combat time dispersive channels in Multicarrier Systems. In this paper, we propose computationally inexpensive techniques to recompute TEQ weights in the presence of changes in the channel, especially over fast fading channels. The techniques use no extra information except the perturbation itself, and provide excellent approximations to the new TEQ weights. The proposed adaptation techniques are shown to perform admirably well for small changes in channels for OFDM systems.

垃圾焚烧飞灰旋风炉高温熔融试验研究

在1台75 t/h旋风炉上进行垃圾焚烧飞灰高温熔融处理试验,采用煤粉作为辅助燃料,飞灰与煤粉质量比为2:8,试验结果表明,在旋风炉内温度达到1 450℃,飞灰中的二恶英能够被彻底分解,急冷熔渣、尾气及静电除尘器捕集灰中二恶英浓度很低,分别为2~3 ng-TEQ/kg、0.033 ng-TEQ/m3以及23~26 ng-TEQ/kg,远低于现行国际、国内二恶英排放标准,可以安全排放。对急冷熔渣、尾部飞灰进行重金属浸出实验研究,发现重金属浸出量远低于国家危险废物浸出标准,说明急冷熔渣及尾部飞灰可作为建筑材料循

电子废物污染地区水生生物体内多氯联苯的异构体分布特征和毒性

电子废物已被证实是众多污染物的释放源,其引起的环境问题正日益受到人们的关注。利用同位素稀释GC/MS法测定了电子废物污染区的田螺、泥鳅和鲫鱼三种水生生物体内的PCBs含量和异构体组成特征。研究结果表明,田螺、泥鳅和鲫鱼体内PCBs平均浓度分别高达1303.53、3845.00和5645.34 ng/g脂重;毒性当量(TEQs)分别为1.35、8.44和29.18 pg WHO-TEQ/g湿重。其中,泥鳅和鲫鱼体内PCBs的TEQs都高于2006年欧盟规定的鱼类可食用部分最大TEQs允许值。此外,PCB 1

烧结厂烟尘和静电除尘器灰尘中二噁英的分布特征

研究了烧结厂烟道烟尘和静电除尘器灰尘中二噁英的浓度和分布特征.结果显示,烧结台车机头烟道烟尘和机尾烟道烟尘中二噁英的总含量分别为867.49±215.41和170.35±51.12pg.Nm-3,毒性当量分别36.53±4.47和9.13±2.40pgWHO-TEQ.Nm-3;机头静电除尘器灰尘和机尾静电除尘器灰尘的总含量分别为2423.59±100.01和157.29±36.83pg.g-1dw,毒性当量分别71.67±0.62和7.50±1.08pgWHO-TEQ.g-1dw.烧结中二噁英的分布以PC

利用离体大白鼠肝癌细胞的EROD诱导指示二恶英的复合毒性效应

离体条件下 ,以大白鼠肝癌细胞株H4IIE的 7 乙氧基 3 异吩恶唑酮 脱乙基酶 (EROD)活力诱导作为毒性指标 ,测定了 2 ,3,7,8 TCDD单独存在以及与一定浓度的 2 ,3,7,8, TCDF ,OCDD ,PCB12 6和PCB77分别共存下的EROD活力 ,并用TEF和独立作用模型 (independence)两种方法对实验结果进行了评估。利用TEF评估的结果表明实验的TEQ值和理论计算的TEQ值十分接近 ,复合毒性表现为加合作用 (additivi ty) ,这一结果与用独立作用模型

“永固紫”染料和四氯苯醌中多氯代二苯并二噁/呋喃的分析

采用浓硫酸对5种不同来源的四氯苯醌和“永固紫”染料样品进行溶解分散,用甲苯提取和多层色谱柱纯化,利用同位素稀释法及高分辨气相色谱质谱(HRGCHRMS)联用技术,测定了其中的多氯代二苯并二口恶口英呋喃(PCDDF)的质量比。结果表明“永固紫”染料及其原料中PCDDF的质量比异常高,八氯代二苯并二口恶口英呋喃(OCDDF)已达到μgg级甚至100μgg级,七氯代二苯并二口恶口英呋喃(HpCDDF)和六氯代二苯并二口恶口英呋喃(HxCDDF)质量比也达到ngg级。所有样品的毒性当量浓度(TEQ)均已超过10p

利用EIA生物测试法快速定量筛选环境样品中的二噁污染物

将采集的环境样品分作 3份 ,1份用于高分辨色质联用多离子检测测定二的毒性当量浓度 TEQ,另 2份分别用 7-乙氧基 -异吩唑酮 -脱乙基酶 ( EROD)活力诱导法和酶免疫法 ( Enzyme Immuno Assay,EIA)进行生物测试 .结果表明 EIA和EROD这 2种生物试验方法均具有较好的准确性和很宽的线性范围 .比较 Micro- EROD分析结果与化学分析结果以及 EIA分析结果与化学分析结果 ,发现 Micro- EROD生物试验所测得的 TEQ值均高于化学分析法的 TEQ值

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) monitored by tree bark in an E-waste recycling area

To investigate the environmental levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), tree bark samples (n = 22) were collected from Luqiao, an E-waste recycling area, in east China in July 11-13, 2006. The average concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PBDEs, and PCBs determined by isotope dilution-high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) were 0.1 +/- 0.0, 1.4 +/- 0.2, and 6.5 +/- 0.8 lg g (1) lipid weight, respectively. PCDD/F-toxic equivalent (TEQ, WHO-1998), PCB-TEQs, and total dioxin-like TEQs were 1.3 +/- 0.1, 0.5 +/- 0.0, and 1.8 +/- 0.2 ng g (1) lipid weight, respectively. The profiles of these pollutants in the tree bark were also discussed. Tetra-CDFs, deca-BDE and tri-CBs were the main homologues and accounted for 47% of total PCDD/Fs, 79.3% of total PBDEs, and 33.2% of total PCBs, respectively; As for TEQs, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and PCB126 were the main contributors and accounted for 36% of the total PCDD/F-TEQs and 81.2% of the total PCB-TEQs, respectively. High accumulation of PCDD/Fs, PBDEs, and PCBs detected in the tree bark indicated heavy contaminations of these pollutants in Luqiao area. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection and quantitative analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in tilapia from Hawaiian waters

The purpose of this study was to investigate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from the Manna stream and Ala Wai Canal of O'ahu, an island of the geographically isolated Hawaiian archipelago. Our results show that the average concentrations of PCBs varied from 51.90 to 89.42 ng g(-1) lipid weight for the sampling sites. Relative toxic potencies (RTPs) and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were determined to be 20.38-40.60 ng TCDD g(-1) lipid weight and 2.89-4.17 ng TEQ g(-1) lipid weight by 7-ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity analysis and calculation of PCB concentrations based on toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), respectively. Penta-chlorinated congeners were found to be predominant, which revealed that Aroclor 1254 was a possible major source of PCBs in our fish samples. PCB 118, an indicator PCBs, constituted more than 55% and 30% of the total PCBs and TEQs, respectively. In addition, PCB 118 was found to have a linear correlation to the total PCBs (R = 0.975) and TEQs (R = 0.782). Detection of concentrated PCBs in Hawaiian waters suggests a potentially adverse impact of this pollutant on human health, as well as ecological systems, and suggests the necessity of environmental monitoring and hazard assessment of PCBs within the Hawaiian Islands. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.