cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of the translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) gene from Japanese sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus)

A homologue of the lower vertebrates translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was cloned from the marine fish Japanese sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) by the technology of homology cloning. The full-length cDNA sequence of the sea perch TCTP gene contained a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 47 bp, a 3' UTR of 433 bp, and a putative open reading frame (ORF) of 510 bp encoding a polypeptide of 170 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the sea perch TCTP gene showed a high similarity to that of zebrafish, rohu, rabbit, chicken and human. Sequence analysis revealed there were a signature sequence of TCTP family, an N-glycosylation site, and five Casein kinase phosphorylation sites in the sea perch TCTP. The temporal expression of TCTP genes in healthy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged fishes was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The results indicated that LPS could up-regulate the expression of sea perch TCTP in the examined tissues, including head-kidney, spleen and liver.

The expression of AmphiTCTP, a TCTP orthologous gene in amphioxus related to the development of notochord and somites

The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is highly conserved and has been widely found in eukaryotic organisms. Here, we report the phylogenetic analysis and developmental expression of AmphiTCTP, a TCTP homologous gene in cephalochordate amphioxus. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the putative protein of AmphiTCTP is close to its vertebrate orthologs. The mRNA of AmphiTCTP is found in fertilized eggs, early cleavage embryo and most of the early developmental stages by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR, but its expression is not detectable from late cleavage stage to mid-gastrula. The expression of AmphiTCTP in zygotes and early cleavage stages shows that AmphiTCTP may be a maternal gene. From the early neurula stage onward, AmphiTCTP transcript is localized in the presumptive notochord, presomitic mesoderm, and nascent somites. However, its expression is gradually down-regulated after the notochord and somites have been formed. The expression pattern of AmphiTCTP thus coincides with the differentiation of the notochord and somites, this suggests that AmphiTCTP may not be a housekeeping gene and may play an important role in mesoderm development. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The first molluscan TCTP in Venerupis philippinarum: Molecular cloning and expression analysis

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is one of the abundant and ubiquitously expressed proteins in metazoans In the present study, the first molluscan TCTP (denoted as VpTCTP) was identified from Venerupis philippinarum haemocytes by EST and RACE approaches The full-length cDNA of VpTCTP consisted of 1148 nucleotides with an open-reading frame of 555 bp encoding 184 amino acids The deduced amino acid sequence of VpTCTP shared high similarity with TCTPs from other species, indicating that VpTCTP should be a new member of TCTP family Several highly conserved motifs, including 5'terminal ologopyrimidine (5'TOP) starting sequence and rich AU and AUUT elements in 3'UTR, were also identified in VpTCTP The tissue and temporal expression of VpTCTP after Vi boo anguillarum challenge was recorded by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. VpTCTP transcript could be detected in all examined tissues with the highest expression level in haemocytes and the lowest in hepatopancreas Concerning the time-course expression in haemocytes, the relative expression of VpTCTP mRNA was down-regulated sharply from 6 h to 12 h post-infection. Then, the expression level was obviously up-regulated and reached 3.4-fold to that in the control group at 48 h post challenge As time progressed, the expression of VpTCTP recovered to the original level at 96 h. All these results indicated that VpTCTP was an acute-phase protein involved in the Immune response of V philippinarum (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Roles of the translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) and the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, in cellular stress responses

Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein present in all eukaryotic organisms. Various cellular functions and molecular interactions have been ascribed to this protein, many related to its growth-promoting and antiapoptotic properties. TCTP levels are highly regulated in response to various cellular stimuli and stresses. We have shown recently that the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, is involved in translational regulation of TCTP. Here we extend these studies by demonstrating that TCTP is downregulated in response to various proapoptotic treatments, in particular agents that induce Ca++ stress, in a PKR-dependent manner. This regulation requires phosphorylation of protein synthesis factor eIF2α. Since TCTP has been characterized as an antiapoptotic and Ca++-binding protein, we asked whether it is involved in protecting cells from Ca++-stress-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of TCTP partially protects cells against thapsigargin-induced apoptosis, as measured using caspase-3 activation assays, a nuclear fragmentation assay, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and time-lapse video microscopy. TCTP also protects cells against the proapoptotic effects of tunicamycin and etoposide, but not against those of arsenite. Our results imply that cellular TCTP levels influence sensitivity to apoptosis and that PKR may exert its proapoptotic effects at least in part through downregulation of TCTP via eIF2α phosphorylation.

Annetocin and TCTP expressions in the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to PAHs in artificial soil

The toxicity of sublethal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in soils was assessed by testing their impact on expression of annetocin, a reproduction regulating gene, and translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), a tumorigenic response gene, in the earthworm Eisenia fetida cultured in artificial soil spiked with, phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), fluoranthene (Flu), or benzo(a)pyrene (Bap). Annetocin and TCTP were both up-regulated by 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg−1 benzo(a)pyrene and TCTP was down-regulated by 10.0 mg kg−1 phenanthrene. Weight loss and cocoon production of the worms were also analyzed. Only 10.0 mg kg−1 phenanthrene impacted earthworm weight loss significantly and no significant differences on cocoon production were observed. Our study indicated that the potential ecotoxicity of sublethal PAHs in soil should not be neglected and mRNA transcription level in earthworms was a more sensitive indicator of PAHs exposure than traditional indexes using cocoon production as endpoints and/or using the whole-organism as the test materials.

Estudo do papel da TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein) na resposta ao estresses bióticos e abióticos em plantas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização molecular do gene que codifica a TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein) em tomate (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara)

The gene encoding TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein) is present in all eukaryotes and its product is involved in various cellular processes. Although well characterized in mammals, there are only few works available in the literature related to the analysis of this protein in plants. In this present work, the expression of the gene encoding TCTP was analyzed in different organs/tissues of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara). A quantification performed by RT-qPCR revealed the presence of TCTP transcript in all tissues/organs analyzed, with the highest expression level found in leaves. With the exception of fruits in intermediate stage of maturation, for which a small increase on the expression was detected, there was minimal variation in the relative expression of TCTP in other organ/tissues. In parallel, the effects of the constitutive expression of TCTP were investigated using transgenic tobacco lines able to overexpress this protein at different levels (T1, T2 and T3). Seedlings of these lines, and of a non-transgenic control line, were grown in MS culture medium for 21 days. At the end of this period, the length of roots and leaves was taken and the seedlings were photographed. According to Tukey's test, the analysis of the mean root length revealed a significant difference between T1 and T3 lines when compared to the control, although the same was not observed for the T2 line. For leaves, according to Kruskal-Wallis test, there was a statistical difference between the averages of leaf growth obtained for the different lines evaluated. According to these results, we can conclude that TCTP shows an ubiquitous expression in tomato plants, with the highest expression detected in leaves, and also that its overexpression promoted a higher root and leaf development in two of three transgenic tobacco lines tested

土壤低浓度PAHs胁迫下赤子爱胜蚓差异表达基因初步筛选

为探索土壤低浓度多环芳烃污染的生态毒性及其对土壤生物的致毒机理，本论文初步研究了菲、芘、荧蒽和苯并[a]芘等四种多环芳烃人工土壤污染在0.1mg.kg-1~10.0mg.kg-1浓度水平对赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）产卵量、体重变化、排卵激素annetocin基因和翻译控制肿瘤蛋白（translationally controlled tumor protein, TCTP）转录水平的影响，发现在相同的低浓度水平下，只有苯并[a]芘对蚯蚓annetocin前体基因和TCTP基因的表达有显著影响，故其对生物体的生殖风险和致癌风险可能最大。另一方面，低浓度苯并[a]芘对蚯蚓体重和产茧量并无显著影响，这表明基因表达水平作为污染生态监测指标比宏观观测指标更灵敏。 为进一步研究土壤PAHs污染的生态毒性效应，在上述研究基础上，我们采用SSH-PCR的方法构建了人工土壤1.0mg.kg-1苯并[a]芘胁迫下的蚯蚓与对照组蚯蚓之间的消减cDNA文库，随机挑取上调文库301个克隆及下调文库283个克隆进行测序，与NCBI蛋白数据库比对结果表明，其中有391个克隆与已知的75种蛋白质基因显著匹配（期望值< 10-5），其余克隆匹配不显著（期望值> 10-5）或找不到匹配蛋白。显著匹配的基因序列包括：一相解毒酶细胞色素P450，二相解毒酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶，蛋白质合成所需的核糖体蛋白亚基，参与新合成肽链折叠的热休克蛋白，线粒体基因组编码的呼吸链复合酶体亚基，过氧化物还原蛋白，铁蛋白，钙结合蛋白，半胱氨酸蛋白酶等。表明低浓度苯并[a]芘胁迫引起蚯蚓的生理变化是非常复杂的，涉及污染物降解与解毒、抗氧化保护、能量代谢、蛋白质合成、金属离子调节与蛋白质降解等过程。 Real-time PCR检测验证消减文库中部分差异基因对不同剂量BaP胁迫响应结果表明，各检验基因序列受1.0 mg∙kg-1 BaP 胁迫影响均与消减结果一致，且影响程度均高于0.1 mg∙kg-1浓度水平的BaP；其中，在0.1 mg∙kg-1 BaP胁迫下，过氧化物还原酶PRDX和类似Cyp2R1的P450基因表达未见明显变化。其余的HSP70、HSP90、rpL10、COXⅡ、SCBP、Ferritin等基因在0.1 mg∙kg-1 BaP胁迫组蚯蚓中均有检测到预期表达变化，说明虽然从消减文库中获得的基因在一定的污染物浓度范围内均表现浓度效应，但各个基因对污染物的响应浓度不尽相同。 Real-time PCR检测消减文库中部分差异基因对不同PAHs胁迫响应结果表明，1.0 mg∙kg-1 浓度水平的荧蒽、菲、芘和苯并[a]芘对差异表达基因的影响不尽相同，主要有以下三种情况：(1)广谱响应型：蚯蚓线粒体编码的亚基COXⅡ、可溶性钙结合蛋白、铁蛋白等基因对荧蒽、菲、芘及苯并[a]芘的胁迫均有相似的响应；(2)随芳烃环数而变化型：热休克蛋白HSP70和过氧化物还原酶PRDX表现出响应程度随胁迫多环芳烃的环数增加而提高的现象；(3)仅在苯并[a]芘中有响应型：核糖体蛋白亚基L10和细胞色素P450（类似Cyp2R1）基因，在1.0 mg∙kg-1浓度条件下，它们仅受BaP诱导表达，而芘、菲和荧蒽却没有显示诱导作用。 上述结果表明，在土壤中的低浓度的多环芳烃污染胁迫对蚯蚓的影响是多方面的，这些影响至少涉及能量代谢、污染物降解与解毒、蛋白质合成与修复、信号转导、细胞凋亡、排卵生殖、个体发育等多方面的生理功能。目前蚯蚓基因组还未有完整测序，本文论述的多个差异表达基因是首次在蚯蚓中发现的，这些新发现的基因序列在为低浓度PAHs的生态毒性机理研究提供依据的同时，也为以蚯蚓为模式生物的土壤污染生物监测提供了备选的生物分子标记。另一方面，由于蚯蚓基因组未完整测序，本研究构建的消减文库中仍不少未知功能基因，其功能与调控有待进一步研究。

Les Signaux Post Mortem (SPM) de l’apoptose endothéliale : des acteurs du remodelage vasculaire

L’immunosuppression a permis d’améliorer l’incidence du rejet aigu sans toutefois améliorer significativement le rejet chronique. Celui-ci est caractérisé par une vasculopathie du greffon (VG) similaire à une forme accélérée d’athérosclérose native accompagnée de fibrose. La pathophysiologie de la VG découle de l’hypothèse de réponse à l’insulte proposée par Russell Ross en 1977. Selon son postulat, l’endothélium stressé par des facteurs immunologiques et non immunologiques initie l’apoptose endothéliale suivi d’une réponse de réparation vasculaire via un épaississement myo-intimal aux sites d’insultes. Toutefois, lorsque les stress endothéliaux initiaux demeurent soutenus, l’apoptose endothéliale et la réponse de réparation perpétuent. Compte tenu que l’inhibition de l’apoptose endothéliale bloque le développement de la VG in vivo, notre hypothèse de travail reposait sur les répercussions paracrines de l’apoptose endothéliale sur les types cellulaires participant au remodelage vasculaire. Nous avons généré un système expérimental in vitro afin d’induire l’apoptose endothéliale en absence significative de nécrose cellulaire. À l’aide d’une approche protéomique multidimensionnelle et comparative, nous avons démontré que les cellules endothéliales apoptotiques exportent spécifiquement 27 signaux post mortem (SPM). Nous avons démontré que certains de ces SPM ont des propriétés anti-apoptotiques (TCTP et EGF), d’autre fibrogénique (CTGF), récapitulant ainsi certains phénotypes cellulaires associés au développement de la VG. Parmi les médiateurs identifiés, 16 n’avaient pas de signal de sécrétion, incluant TCTP, suggérant que des mécanismes de sécrétion non conventionnels soient favorisés durant l’apoptose. Nous avons démontré que la caspase-3 effectrice régule la voie de sécrétion non classique exosomiale associée à l’export extracellulaire de nanovésicules TCTP+VE, anti-apoptotiques et biochimiquement distinctes des corps apoptotiques. Finalement, l’ensemble des données protéomiques ont permis d’émettre l’hypothèse qu’en réponse à un stress apoptotique, la cellule exporte différents médiateurs (solubles et vésiculaires) de manière non conventionnelle nécessitant la fusion d’organelles de la voie endocytaire et autophagique avec la membrane plasmique. Ce mécanisme serait régulé durant la phase effectrice de l’apoptose permettant ainsi d’initier une réponse de réparation extracellulaire seulement lorsque le destin cellulaire a atteint un point de non retour. Ainsi, le testament protéique et nanovésiculaire légué durant l’apoptose endothéliale pourrait servir simultanément de biomarqueur de la VG et de cible thérapeutique afin de diminuer le remodelage vasculaire pathologique.

Caracterização dos níveis de criatividade numa amostra de alunos surdos : um estudo exploratório

Este estudo avaliou os níveis de criatividade numa amostra de 123 sujeitos surdos, alunos do 1º e 2º ciclo das Escolas de Referência para o Ensino Bilingue de alunos surdos em Portugal, sendo 70 do sexo masculino e 53 do sexo feminino, maioritariamente de nacionalidade portuguesa e com uma média de idade de 11,05 anos. O Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production - TCTP-DP de Urban & Jellen (1996) foi a medida utilizada. Encontramos na nossa amostra, um nível de criatividade de 16 pontos, significativamente abaixo da média padronizada. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos níveis de criatividade entre os sujeitos relativamente à idade; posição na fratria e nível socioeconómico. Quanto ao sexo, foi encontrada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa a favor dos rapazes num dos critérios de não convencionalidade. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em alguns critérios do TCT-DP, relativamente ao nível de escolaridade e aos anos de escolaridade. Foram igualmente encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em alguns critérios do teste, relativamente à idade de início de uso de suporte auditivo, a favor daqueles que mais precocemente iniciaram o seu uso e à idade de aprendizagem de Língua Gestual Portuguesa, igualmente a favor daqueles que mais precocemente iniciaram a sua aquisição, designadamente entre o nascimento e os dois aos de idade.

Recent advances in the understanding of brown spider venoms: From the biology of spiders to the molecular mechanisms of toxins

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)