Novos receptores moleculares baseados em calix[4]arenos: aplicação à química sensorial

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química

Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas vetorizadas para células tumorais com possível aplicação na entrega controlada de fármacos

Dissertação de mestrado em Química Medicinal

Influence of the diketonato ligand on the cytotoxicities of [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)-(R(2)acac)(PTA)](+) complexes (PTA=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane)

A series of compounds of general formula [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene) (R(2)acac)(PTA)][X] (R(2)acac = Me(2)acac, tBu(2)acac, Ph(2)acac, Me(2)acac-Cl; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane; X = BPh4, BF4), and the precursor to the Me2acac-Cl derivative [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(Me(2)acac-Cl)Cl], have been prepared and characterised spectroscopically. Five of the compounds have also been characterised in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The tetrafluoroborate salts are water-soluble, quite resistant to hydrolysis, and have been evaluated for cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma and A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. The compounds are cytotoxic towards the latter cell line, and relative activities are discussed in terms of hydrolysis (less important) and lipophilicity, which appears to exert the dominating influence.

Molybdenum (IV) imido silylamido and hydride complexes : stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity, mechanistic aspects of hydrosilation reactions

This thesis describes the synthesis, structural studies, and stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity of novel Mo(IV) imido silylamide (R'N)Mo(R2)(173_RIN-SiR32-H)(PMe3)n (1: Rl = tBu, Ar', Ar; R2 = Cl; R32 = Me2, MePh, MeCl, Ph2, HPh; n = 2; 2: R' = Ar, R2 = SiH2Ph, n = 1) and hydride complexes (ArN)Mo(H)(R)(PMe3)3 (R = Cl (3), SiH2Ph (4». Compounds of type 1 were generated from (R'N)Mo(PMe3)n(L) (5: R' = tBu, Ar', Ar; L = PMe3, r/- C2H4) and chlorohydrosilanes by the imido/silane coupling approach, recently discovered in our group. The mechanism of the reaction of 5 with HSiCh to give (ArN)MoClz(PMe3)3 (8) was studied by VT NMR, which revealed the intermediacy of (ArN)MCh(172 -ArN=SiHCl)(PMe3)z (9). The imido/silyl coupling methodology was transferred to the reactions of 5 with chlorine-free hydrosilanes. This approach allowed for the isolation of a novel ,B-agostic compound (ArN)Mo(SiHzPh)(173 -NAr-SiHPhH)(PMe3) (10). The latter was found to be active in a variety of hydrosilation processes, including the rare monoaddition of PhSiH3 to benzonitrile. Stoichiometric reactions of 11 with unsaturated compounds appear to proceed via the silanimine intermediate (ArN)M(17z-ArN=SiHPh)(PMe3) (12) and, in the case of olefins and nitriles, give products of Si-C coupling, such as (ArN)Mo(R)(173 -NAr-SiHPh-CH=CHR')(PMe3) (13: R = Et, R' = H; 14: R = H, R' = Ph) and (ArN)Mo(172-NAr-SiHPh-CHR=N)(PMe3) (15). Compound 13 was also subjected to catalysis showing much improved activity in the hydrosilation of carbonyls and alkenes. Hydride complexes 3 and 4 were prepared starting from (ArN)MoCh(PMe3)3 (8). Both hydride species catalyze a diversity of hydrosilation processes that proceed via initial substrate activation but not silane addition. The proposed mechanism is supported by stoichiometric reactions of 3 and 4, kinetic NMR studies, and DFf calculations for the hydrosilation of benzaldehyde and acetone mediated by 4.

Synthesis, Catalysis and Stoichiometric Reactivity of Mo Imido Complexes

The syntheses, catalytic reactivity and mechanistic investigations of novel Mo(IV) and Mo(VI) imido systems is presented. Attempts at preparing mixed bis(imido) Mo(IV) complexes of the type (RN)(R′N)Mo(PMe3)n (n = 2 or 3) derived from the mono(imido) complexes (RN)Mo(PMe3)3(X)2 (R = tBu (1) or Ar (2); X = Cl2 or HCl, Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3) are also described. The addition of lithiated silylamides to 1 or 2 results in the unexpected formation of the C-H activated cyclometallated complexes (RN)Mo(PMe3)2(η2-CH2PMe2)(X) (R = Ar, X = H (3); R = tBu, X = Cl (4)). Complexes 3 and 4 were used in the activation of R′E-H bonds (E = Si, B, C, O, P; R′ = alkyl or aryl), which typically give products of addition across the M-C bond of the type (RN)Mo(PMe3)3(ER′)(X) (4). In the case of 2,6-dimethylphenol, subsequent heating of 4 (R = Ar, R′ = 2,6-Me2C6H3, E = O) to 50 °C results in C-H activation to give the cyclometallated complex (ArN)Mo(PMe3)3(κ2-O,C-OPh(Me)CH2) (5). An alternative approach was developed in synthesizing the mixed imido complex (ArN)(tBuN)Mo(PMe3)(η2-C2H4) (6) through EtMgBr reduction of (ArN)(tBuN)MoCl2(DME) in the presence of PMe3. Complex 6 reacts with various hydro- and chlorosilanes to give β-agostic silylamido complexes and in one case, when Me2SiHCl is the silane, leads to the silanimine complex (tBuN)Mo(η2-SiMe2-NAr)(Et)(η2-C2H4) (7). Mechanistic studies on the formation of the Mo(VI) tris(silyl) complex (tBuN)Mo(SiHPh)(H){(μ-NtBu)(SiHPh)}(PMe3)2 (8) were done from the addition of three equivalents of PhSiH3 to (tBuN)Mo(PMe3)(η2-C2H4), resulting in identification of β- and γ-agostic SiH…Mo intermediates. The reactivity of complex 8 towards ethylene and nitriles was studied. In both cases coupling of unsaturated substrates with the Mo-Si bond of the metalacycle was observed. In the case of nitriles, insertion into the 4-membered disilaazamolybdacycle results in complexes of the type (tBuN)Mo{(κ2-Si,C-SiHPh-NtBu-SiHPh-N=C(R)}(PMe3)2. Catalytic hydrosilylation of carbonyls mediated by the β-agostic silylamido complex (ArN)2Mo(η3-NtBu-SiMe2-H)(H) (9) was investigated. Stoichiometric reactions with organic substrates showed that catalysis with 9 does not proceed via the conventional insertion of substrate into the Mo-H bond.

Organische Magnetooptoelektronik

Im Rahmen der Organischen Optoelektronik wird der Weg vom Molekül zum Bauteil als Wertschöpfungskette verstanden, deren Kernziele wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisfortschritt und Produktanwendungen sind. Eine besonders vielversprechende Möglichkeit diese Entwicklung auch in Zukunft erfolgreich und innovativ fortführen zu können, eröffnet sich durch das Einbeziehen magnetosensitiver Prozesse. Spinzustände werden als zusätzliche Regelgröße verstanden, die es erlauben, optoelektronische Abläufe zu optimieren und neuartige Funktionen zu generieren. Dieses Konzept integriert die Vorteile sowie das Potential der Spintronik in die Organische Optoelektronik und hat sich zu einem zukunftsweisenden, neuartigen Forschungsfeld entwickelt. Es wird als Organische Magnetooptoelektronik bezeichnet und beschäftigt sich mit der Wirkung magnetischer Felder auf optisch und elektronisch anregbare Zustände in organischen Halbleitern. Mit den durchgeführten Forschungsaktivitäten ist es gelungen, Organische Feldeffekt-Transistoren (OFETs) als neuartige Plattform zur Untersuchung magnetooptoelektronischer Phänomene in niedermolekularen Halbleitern zu etablieren. Der gezielte Einsatz geeigneter Funktionsmaterialien ermöglicht die Herstellung magnetoresistiver 3-Kontakt-Bauteile, die das Wissenschaftsfeld des Organischen Magnetowiderstands entscheidend erweitern und dessen Anwendungsspektrum vergrößern. Dabei offenbaren OFETs auf Basis der Lochtransportmaterialien Pentacen und TIPS-Pentacen unter Belichtung magnetosensitives Verhalten, das erlaubt den Organischen Magnetowiderstand optisch ein- und auszuschalten. Auch ohne zusätzliche Belichtung können Magnetfeldeffekte erzielt werden, wenn spezielle Donor- und Akzeptor-Komponenten eingesetzt werden. Aus der ionisierenden Wechselwirkung zwischen Spiro-TTB (Elektronendonor) und HAT-CN (Elektronenakzeptor) resultiert eine so ausgeprägte Magnetosensitivität, dass bereits ultrakleine Magnetfelder den Ladungstransport signifikant beeinflussen. Zudem ist das magnetoresistive Verhalten empfindlich von den Spannungsbedingungen abhängig und das MR-Vorzeichen kann durch die Drainspannung umgepolt werden. Donor- und Akzeptor-Syteme mit nichtionisierender Wechselwirkung erweisen sich ebenfalls als geeignet für die Herstellung magnooptoelektronisch aktiver Bauteile. Sowohl in Spiro-DPPFPy als auch in Spiro-TAD/Spiro-PFPy OFETs zeigen sich im Dunkeln positiver und unter Belichtung negativer Magnetowiderstand. Diese gegensätzlichen MR-Komponenten lassen sich mit der Belichtungsintensität sowie der Magnetfeldstärke systematisch modulieren und es ist das magnetooptoelektronische Schalten des MR-Vorzeichens möglich. Unterschiedliche MR-Komponenten treten auch in ambipolaren Spiro-DPASP-tBu-Phenyl OFETs auf. Deren Drainstrom lässt sich in lochdominierte, elektronendominierte sowie ambipolare Bereiche gliedern, wobei bei unipolarem Ladungstransport positiver und bei ambipolarem negativer Magnetowiderstand vorherrscht. Mit der Betriebsspannung kann zwischen den jeweiligen Transportbereichen und damit dem MR-Vorzeichen geschaltet werden. All diese Facetten des Organischen Magnetowiderstands sind nicht nur Ausdruck des weitreichenden physikalischen Hintergrunds, sondern eröffnen eine vielversprechende Perspektive zur Realisierung multifunktionaler, magnetooptoelektronischer 3-Kontakt-Bauteile auf Basis organischer Halbleiter. Neben dem Nachweis neuartiger magnetoresistiver Phänomene in Organischen Feldeffekt-Transistoren beinhaltet dieses Forschungsprojekt das Ziel, zur Entschlüsselung der zugrundeliegenden Elementarprozesse beizutragen. Dabei ergibt sich folgendes Resümee für die Interpretation der erzielten Magnetfeldeffekte: Unter unipolaren Transportbedingungen wird der Magnetowiderstand durch spinsensitive Bipolaronenbildung versursacht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit tragen Bipolaronen signifikant zum Drainstrom bei, wenn im Leitungskanal Gegenladungen vorhanden sind oder dieser aus chemischen Einheiten mit hoher Elektronenaffinitätsdifferenz aufgebaut ist. Weitere MR-Komponenten werden erschlossen, wenn im Transportvolumen simultan positive und negative Ladungsträger vorhanden sind. Deren Interaktion resultiert in Elektron-Loch Paaren, die über ein magnetosensitives Reaktionsverhalten verfügen. Sie werden entweder über Belichtung der OFET-Struktur erzeugt oder bilden sich während des ambipolaren Ladungstransports.

Electronic transitions and bonding properties in a series of five-coordinate “16-electron” complexes [Mn(CO)3(L2)]− (L2=chelating redox-active π-donor ligand)

In this article we present for the first time accurate density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD) DFT data for a series of electronically unsaturated five-coordinate complexes [Mn(CO)(3)(L-2)](-), where L-2 stands for a chelating strong pi-donor ligand represented by catecholate, dithiolate, amidothiolate, reduced alpha-diimine (1,4-dialkyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (R-DAB), 2,2'-bipyridine) and reduced 2,2'-biphosphinine types. The single-crystal X-ray structure of the unusual compound [Na(BPY)][Mn(CO)(3)(BPY)]center dot Et2O and the electronic absorption spectrum of the anion [Mn(CO)(3)(BPY)](-) are new in the literature. The nature of the bidentate ligand determines the bonding in the complexes, which varies between two limiting forms: from completely pi-delocalized diamagnetic {(CO)(3)Mn-L-2}(-) for L-2 = alpha-diimine or biphosphinine, to largely valence-trapped {(CO)(3)Mn-1-L-2(2-)}(-) for L-2(2-) = catecholate, where the formal oxidation states of Mn and L-2 can be assigned. The variable degree of the pi-delocalization in the Mn(L-2) chelate ring is indicated by experimental resonance Raman spectra of [Mn(CO)(3)(L-2)](-) (L-2=3,5-di-tBu-catecholate and iPr-DAB), where accurate assignments of the diagnostically important Raman bands have been aided by vibrational analysis. The L-2 = catecholate type of complexes is known to react with Lewis bases (CO substitution, formation of six-coordinate adducts) while the strongly pi-delocalized complexes are inert. The five-coordinate complexes adopt usually a distorted square pyramidal geometry in the solid state, even though transitions to a trigonal bipyramid are also not rare. The experimental structural data and the corresponding DFT-computed values of bond lengths and angles are in a very good agreement. TD-DFT calculations of electronic absorption spectra of the studied Mn complexes and the strongly pi-delocalized reference compound [Fe(CO)(3)(Me-DAB)] have reproduced qualitatively well the experimental spectra. Analyses of the computed electronic transitions in the visible spectroscopic region show that the lowest-energy absorption band always contains a dominant (in some cases almost exclusive) contribution from a pi(HOMO) -> pi*(LUMO) transition within the MnL2 metallacycle. The character of this optical excitation depends strongly on the composition of the frontier orbitals, varying from a partial L-2 -> Mn charge transfer (LMCT) through a fully delocalized pi(MnL2) -> pi*(MnL2) situation to a mixed (CO)Mn -> L-2 charge transfer (LLCT/MLCT). The latter character is most apparent in the case of the reference complex [Fe(CO)(3)(Me-DAB)]. The higher-lying, usually strongly mixed electronic transitions in the visible absorption region originate in the three lower-lying occupied orbitals, HOMO - 1 to HOMO - 3, with significant metal-d contributions. Assignment of these optical excitations to electronic transitions of a specific type is difficult. A partial LLCT/MLCT character is encountered most frequently. The electronic absorption spectra become more complex when the chelating ligand L-2, such as 2,2'-bipyridine, features two or more closely spaced low-lying empty pi* orbitals.

Simulering av olika underhållsstrategier inom processindustri

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utvärdera om simulering av flöden på en emballeringsavdelning kan vara till hjälp för att kunna planera in stopp av packmaskiner så att förebyggande underhåll kan utföras. Med hjälp av simulering har kölängder, kötider och beläggningsgrader hos emballeringsavdelningen kunnat predikteras. Genom att skapa olika hypotesgrundade scenarion i simuleringsmodellen har ett antal resultat genererats.Resultaten av simuleringarna har gett värdefull information till underhållsavdelningens planerare. Informationen bör kunna vara ett viktigt beslutsunderlag för att kunna avgöra vid vilka tillfällen som de planerade stoppen kommer att ge upphov till minst störning av driften. Arbetet har visat att simulering av flöden är ett bra hjälpmedel för att kunna planera in stopp för förebyggande underhåll.För att kunna uppfylla syftet har en simuleringsmodell skapats över emballeringsavdelningen. Genom studier av processer och genom informationshämtning från kunnig personal har en användbar modell kunnat skapas. Även studier av underhållsteorier och simuleringslitteratur har varit till hjälp för att kunna uppfylla syftet med detta examensarbete.De utförda analyserna bygger till stor del på rekommendationer hämtade från den simuleringslitteratur som studerats men även på tips och stöd från författarnas handledare som har lång erfarenhet inom området.

Labaditin, a cyclic peptide with rich biotechnological potential: preliminary toxicological studies and structural changes in water and lipid membrane environment

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Titanium and zirconium complexes containing sterically hindered hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands: synthesis, structural characterization, and ethylene polymerization studies

The synthesis, characterization and ethylene polymerization behavior of a set of Tp'MCl3 complexes (4, M = Ti, Tp' HB(3-neopentyl-pyrazolyl)(3)(-) (Tp(NP)); 5, M = Ti, Tp'= HB(3-tert-butyl-pyrazolyl)(3)(-) (Tp(tBu)); 6, M = Ti, Tp' = HB(3-phenyl-pyrazolyl)(3)(-) (Tp(Ph)); 7, M = Zr, Tp' = HB(3-phenyl-pyrazolyl)(3)(-) (Tp(ph)); 8, M = Zr, Tp' = HB(3-tert-butyl-pyrazolyl)(3)(-) (Tp(tBu))) is described. Treatment of these tris(pyrazolyl)borate Group IV compounds with methylalumoxane (MAO) generates active catalysts for ethylene polymerization. For the polymerization reactions performed in toluene at 60 degreesC and 3 atm of ethylene pressure, the activities varied between 1.3 and 5.1 X 10(3) g of PE/mol[M](.)h. The highest activity is reached using more sterically open catalyst precursor 4. The viscosity-average molecular weights ((M-v) over bar) of the PE's produced with these catalyst precursors varying from 3.57 to 20.23 x 10(5) gmol(-1) with melting temperatures in the range of 127-134 degreesC. Further polymerization studies employing 7 varying Al/Zr molar ratio and temperature of polymerization showed that the activity as well as the polymer properties are dependent on these parameters. In that case, higher activity was attained at 60 degreesC. The viscosity-average molecular weights of the polyethylene's decreases with increasing AI/Zr molar ratio. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efeito das condições climáticas do semiárido sobre o comportamento fisiológico de caprinos mestiços f1 saanen x boer

This research aimed at evaluating the effect of the semiarid climatic conditions on the physiological behavior of F1 Saanen x Boer crossbred goats, created at an intensive system. The experiment was carried out in the Health and Rural Technology Center, in the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the town of Patos, Paraiba. Twenty-four animals were used, with ages varying between three and four months, being 12 females and 12 males, weaned and prevented against worms, receiving ad libitum water and controlled concentrate and roughage. The environmental variables were checked inside and outside the experiment place, as well as the physiological variables of all animals. Except for the humid bulb temperature, the variance analysis revealed shift effect (P<0.05) for all environmental variables. There was merely shift effect (P<0.05) for Cardiac Frequency and Rectal Temperature, and the averages of both, in the afternoon, overcame those observed in the morning. The obtained results based on the studied physiological and environmental variables conclude that crossbred goats, resulting of Boer (paternal) and Saanen (maternal), present a good resistance to heat, permitting their indication for the meat production in confinement on semiarid conditions.

Estudos das propriedades estruturais de análogos substituídos com 'TRP POT.2,7 ou 24' do fragmento com 30 resíduos da região amino-terminal da Esticolisina II

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo químico de Jatropha curcas e de Jatropha gossypifolia nativas e cultivadas: avaliação de ciclopeptídeos em função de habitat e hábito : prospecção e atividade biológica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Síntese, estudos estruturais e biológicos do peptídeo hilina a1 e análogos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Peptídeos cíclicos em espécies do semiárido brasileiro e uma cultivada: caracterização e atividade biológica

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ