Técnicas estendidas na performance e no ensino do contrabaixo acústico no Brasil

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Técnicas estendidas do contrabaixo no Brasil: revisão de literatura, performance e ensino

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Preparação para performance de música de câmara com violão: o uso do corpo no repertório com técnicas estendidas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Explorando a execução de técnicas estendidas no oboé encontradas em quatro peças contemporâneas

This dissertation presents an investigation of the evolutionary process of extended oboe techniques, through literary analysis and practical research. The objective of this work is to provide assistance to oboists interested in learning these techniques. Additionally, this work encourages the student, through the process of experimentation, to explore the questions that may arise around the aesthetics of sound, the concept of gesture as an additional visual and aural element in music, and the collaboration and “real-time” creation processes. Discussed within the work, are the relationship between the instrument (the oboe) and extended techniques, and two possible definitions of extended techniques, provided by Luk Vaes (2009) and Gardner Read (1993). Also explored are the how and why some composers have utilized extended techniques in their compositions, including brief discussions relating to extended techniques in real-time composition (improvisation), extended techniques and technological resources, theatrical gesture as an extended technique, and suggestions of how musicians might approach theatrical gestures in performance. Four works were visited: “I Know This Room So Well” – Lisa Bielawa (2007-9); “Four Pieces for Oboe and Piano” – Ernst Krenek (1966); “In Freundschaft” – Karlheinz Stockhausen (1978); “Atem” – Mauricio Kagel (1969-70); and an exploration of the difficulties and solutions associated with each extended technique found within these pieces, was carried out. The following founding works on extended oboe techniques were used, as a basis for research: books - Heinz Holliger’s Pro Musica Nova (1972); Gardner Read’s Compendium of Modern Instrumental Techniques (1993); Peter Veale & Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf’s The Techniques of Oboe Playing (1994); and Libby Van Cleve’s Oboe Unbound: Contemporary Techniques (2004); and articles - Nora Post’s “Monophonic sound resources for the oboe: Part I – Timbre” (1984), “Part II- Pitch and other techniques” (1984), and “Multiphonics for the oboe” (1982).

Técnicas estendidas para saxofone em obras compostas por meio de colaboração compositor-intérprete

This dissertation deals with the use of extended techniques for the saxophone in the piece Minus (for solo saxophone in Bb), composed through a composer-performer collaboration between Agamenon de Morais and the saxophonist Kleber Dessoles. The text is organized in the following manner: the first part brings the historical background of the concert music written for the saxophone since the beginning of the 20th-century, exploring the use of extended tehcniques and the main characters and historical facts of this period, with data obtained through a literature review; the second part deals with the issue of the composer-performer collaboration, since cases documented in the 18th and 19th centuries until nowadays, exploring in which different ways collaborations may happen and the motivations behind them; the third and final part is about the specific work, followed by a detailed description of the collaboration between the composer and the interpreter, as well as detailed explanations about the extended techniques present in the work (multiphonics and flatterzunge), through bibliographic and documental research, as well as descriptions of the meetings between composer and interpreter. At the end of the collaborative process, one may say that the final result was created from a sum of the composer's knowledge with the interpreter's, almost as if the composition had double authorship. The document describing this process may help composers and interpreters in composing for the saxophone, as well as guide future collaborative experiences.

Técnicas estendidas na obra Traçado Íntimo e Hesitante para violoncelo solo de Bruno Ângelo e sua utilização na iniciação ao violoncelo

This works sheds light on the technical challenges regarding the use of extended techniques at the piece “Traçado Íntimo e Hesitante” by Bruno Angelo and the use of some of these techniques in the cello initiation. The main goal of the research is to provide cellists interested in the performance of the piece with ideas to surpass the technical difficulties as well as to introduce new ideas of using sound materials of contemporary music in the beginner cello teaching.

Classificação de técnicas estendidas no contrabaixo acústico

This work is to identify and classify extended techniques on acoustic bass. The main purpose of this classification is to provide the bass better understanding and practice these techniques. For this, we carried out a literature review, it was noted that, in academia, this topic is new and understanding for some musicians is still complex and nebulous. To assist in the difficulties of the bass player, the extended techniques were divided into two parts, proposing different approaches. The first part proposes the experimentation and exploration of conventional and unconventional techniques from other instruments on acoustic bass. The second seeks to identify and rank the extended techniques, showing excerpts from the solo instrument repertoire compositions. On each, there are still referenced authors and their contributions to the instrumental practice these techniques. In both categories of classification procedures were presented to be adopted by the bass player for the implementation of those techniques, as well as suggestions for their study. Among the main results, it was found that through the proposed classification of these techniques, one can incorporate new resources to technical universe and timbre of the instrument. Lastly, it was found a creation of a composition performed by interaction between composer and performer, containing new extended techniques or extended techniques not found in the instrument's contemporary soloist repertoire.

Classificação de técnicas estendidas no contrabaixo acústico

This work is to identify and classify extended techniques on acoustic bass. The main purpose of this classification is to provide the bass better understanding and practice these techniques. For this, we carried out a literature review, it was noted that, in academia, this topic is new and understanding for some musicians is still complex and nebulous. To assist in the difficulties of the bass player, the extended techniques were divided into two parts, proposing different approaches. The first part proposes the experimentation and exploration of conventional and unconventional techniques from other instruments on acoustic bass. The second seeks to identify and rank the extended techniques, showing excerpts from the solo instrument repertoire compositions. On each, there are still referenced authors and their contributions to the instrumental practice these techniques. In both categories of classification procedures were presented to be adopted by the bass player for the implementation of those techniques, as well as suggestions for their study. Among the main results, it was found that through the proposed classification of these techniques, one can incorporate new resources to technical universe and timbre of the instrument. Lastly, it was found a creation of a composition performed by interaction between composer and performer, containing new extended techniques or extended techniques not found in the instrument's contemporary soloist repertoire.

Abordagens de estudo e performance da obra Responsório ao vento para violoncelo solo de Sílvio Ferraz

Recognized for his relevant writing for the cello, Silvio Ferraz wrote , in 2012, Segundo Responsório for cello solo and chamber group which followed Responsório ao Vento , a version of the same piece for solo cello . The work is characterized by the idea of continuity of sound moving through different textures , timbres , dynamics and musical gestures. The composer uses extended techniques, such as large sections in sul tasto playing three strings simultaneously, trills of natural harmonics , muffled trills with natural harmonics , col legno batuto , different types of glissando and simultaneous sounds of harmonic and non harmonic notes corroborate to a wealth of sounds and layers that create different textures. This article investigates the relationship of the composer with the cello, and relates Responsório ao Vento to his other works and studies the influences of the composer addressing technical and interpretive aspects of the piece drawn from performance experiences.

Sept Papillons de Kaija Saariaho: uma análise dos elementos técnico-interpretativos

Sept Papillons by Kaija Saariaho is a relevant piece in the contemporary cello repertoire. This research aims to study the context of the piece and approaches the technical and musical challenges presented in the work. As a methodological procedure, authors like MOISALA (2009) and VICTORIO (2015) were studied, giving basis to the understanding of the compositional process and to the analysis of the gestures proposed by the composer. Following, an interview was carried out with Natasha Farny, a cellist recognized for her performance of the work and utilized as reference, together with the Korean cellist Seung Ri Jung´s performance and the recording of Anssi Karttunen, to whom the piece was dedicated. Whilst the research of the bibliographical material and the interviews were taking place, the piece was studied and performed at the Masters of Music Program at UFRN. The experience obtained by the recitals and the research resulted in suggestions for cellists interested in its study and performance.

Obras para clarinete solo produzidas por compositores portugueses em 2014 e 2015

O objeto de estudo do presente trabalho é o repertório para clarinete solo produzido por compositores portugueses. Por ser um campo vastíssimo, tornou-se necessário definir um espaço temporal mais reduzido, surgindo, assim, os anos 2014 e 2015. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para uma interpretação informada, através do estudo e análise das obras escolhidas e divulgar a música portuguesa recente, não só, o repertório existente, mas, também, com a estreia de obras. Como metodologia, foram realizados: uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o instrumento, um levantamento de obras, uma análise e estudo de três obras dos compositores Costa, Pascoal e Ceitil. O trabalho inicia-se com uma breve contextualização do instrumento, dando especial atenção às técnicas estendidas. Após o estudo das obras, e da reflexão do mesmo, confirma-se que de facto existe uma enorme vantagem em trabalhar as obras com os compositores e que este trabalho se reflete no ato performativo; WORKS FOR SOLO CLARINET PRODUCED BY PORTUGUESE COMPOSERES IN 2014 AND 2015 ABSTRACT: This report studies the repertoire for solo clarinet produced by portuguese composers. Giving the vastness of the subject, only a smaller time frame could be analyzed and it was the years of 2014 and 2015. The goals of this report are to create an informed interpretation, through the study and analysis of the chosen repertoire and to disclose modern portuguese music, not only existent works but also with the premiere of repertoire. The methodology was: a literature search, a survey of works, analysis and study of three works by composers Costa, Pascoal and Ceitil. This report begins with a brief background of the clarinet, paying special attention to the extended techniques. After the study of the selected works, and the reflection of it, it's confirmed that in fact there is a huge advantage in working the repertoire with composers and that this work is reflected in the performative act.

Modelo para formação dinâmica de rede de fornecedores em empresas estendidas

Supply chains have become an important focus for competitive advantage. The performance of a company increasingly depends on its ability to maintain effective and efficient relationships with its suppliers and customers. The extended enterprise (i.e. composed of several partners) needs to be dynamically formed in order to be agile and adaptable. According to the Digital Manufacturing paradigm, companies have to be able to quickly share and disseminate information regarding planning, designing and manufacturing of products. Additionally, they must be responsive to all technical and business determinants, as well as be assessed and certified for guaranteed performance. The current research intends to present a solution for the dynamic composition of the extended enterprise, formed to take advantage of market opportunities quickly and efficiently. A construction model was developed. This construction model consists of: information model, protocol model and process model. The information model has been defined based on the concepts of Supply Chain Operations Reference model (SCOR®). In this model is defined information for negotiating the participation of candidate companies in the dynamic establishment of a network for responding to a given demand for developing and manufacturing products, in seven steps as follows: request for information; request for qualification; alignment of strategy; request for proposal; request for quotation; compatibility of process; and compatibility of system. The protocol model has been elaborated and inspired in the OSI, this model provides a framework for linking customers and suppliers, indicates a sequence to be followed, in order to selecte companies to become suppliers. The process model has been implemented by means of process modeling according to the BPMN standard and, in turn, implemented as a web-based application that runs the process through its several steps, which uses forms to gather data. An application example in the context of the oil and gas industry is used for demonstrating the solution concept.

Simulated systems optimization through response surface techniques [Optimización de sistemas simulados a través de técnicas de superficie de respuesta]

The purpose of this article is to show the applicability and benefits of the techniques of design of experiments as an optimization tool for discrete simulation models. The simulated systems are computational representations of real-life systems; its characteristics include a constant evolution that follows the occurrence of discrete events along the time. In this study, a production system, designed with the business philosophy JIT (Just in Time) is used, which seeks to achieve excellence in organizations through waste reduction in all the operational aspects. The most typical tool of JIT systems is the KANBAN production control that seeks to synchronize demand with flow of materials, minimize work in process, and define production metrics. Using experimental design techniques for stochastic optimization, the impact of the operational factors on the efficiency of the KANBAN / CONWIP simulation model is analyzed. The results show the effectiveness of the integration of experimental design techniques and discrete simulation models in the calculation of the operational parameters. Furthermore, the reliability of the methodologies found was improved with a new statistical consideration.

Composición florística, estado silvicultural, fitosanitario y consideraciones técnicas para el manejo del arbolado en los Parques Las Piedrecitas y Japonés de la ciudad de Managua

Con el objetivo de aportar conocimientos para el manejo eficiente del recurso arbóreo urbano público, se realizó el presente estudio en dos de los principales parques de Managua "Las Piedrecitas" y "Japonés" en este se presenta información sobre el estado actual del arbolado, como estado silvicultura! y fitosanitario al igual que conocer los gustos y preferencias de los usuarios en relación a la situación del estado del arbolado, por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario. Para describir el arbolado y determinar su condición, se realizó el inventario de la vegetación y se tomaron algunos parámetros dasométricos. Obteniendo como resultados 466 árboles, agrupados en 24 familias y 50 especies arbóreas, de los cuales el 82% se consideran como regular, de porte bajo, con escaso desarrollo de la copa, fustes inclinados, la mayoría con presencia de daños mecánicos, quiebres de ramas y heridas en el fuste. En base a estas condiciones silviculturales y fitosanitarias, se formularon algunas propuestas técnicas para el cuido y manejo estético de los árboles presentes en el parque, lo cual traerá beneficios ambientales como por ejemplo, reducir la contaminación del aire y ruido, la modificación del microclima y un realce del paisaje con impactos positivos en la psique humana, además de beneficios sociales y económicos a los usuarios de la zona, haciendo del ambiente un lugar más agradable, placentero para disfrutar, y utilizar el tiempo libre; generando a la vez fuentes de empleo, así como permitirá el desarrollo de una ciudad más verde, propiciando mínimos impactos negativos al ambiente urbano.

Evaluación del uso y manejo de las técnicas impulsadas por PRODES (Proyecto de Desarrollo Rural) en crianza de gallinas de patio en el municipio de Nueva Guinea, Nicaragua

El presente trabajo se realizó en el municipio de Nueva Guinea, departamento de la Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur (RAAS). Los objetivos fueron: Evaluar el nivel de adopción de las técnicas impulsadas por el Proyecto de Desarrollo Rural (PRODES), tales como; uso y manejo de las técnicas de alimentación; sanidad animal; e infraestructura, en la crianza de gallinas de patio. Determinar el aporte de la familia. Identificar los mecanismos de difusión de tecnología más utilizados en dicho proyecto. El trabajo contempló las siguientes fases: coordinación con PRODES, Definición del grupo de evaluación y tamaño de la muestra (27% de los productores, equivalente a 200 encuestas). Muestreo aleatorio con los productores beneficiarios del proyecto (fincas de referencia y miembros de grupo). La encuesta contenía los siguientes componentes: información general del productor, Inventario de aves, Alimentación, Salud, Infraestructura y, Difusión de tecnologías. Las variables se clasificaron en cualitativas, referidas al uso o no uso de las técnicas. Dichas variables fueron: uso de lombrices de tierra en la alimentación, uso de concentrados caseros, uso de minerales y, uso de pastoreo en las aves. Variables medidas mediante la cuantificación del número de productores que utilizaron las diferentes tecnologías en relación con la muestra, expresadas en porcentajes. El manejo de la tecnología de alimentación, se evaluó a través de: Frecuencias de uso de concentrado casero, y/o de minerales, tipos de ingredientes y de minerales. El componente salud consideró las variables; usos de desparasitantes, vitaminas, vacunas (Newcastle y, Viruela aviar). El manejo de tecnología en salud se evaluó mediante: Frecuencias de uso de desparasitantes, y/o vitaminas, frecuencia de vacunación (Newcastle y Viruela aviar), tipos de desparasitantes y de vitaminas. El componente de infraestructura referido al gallinero consideró: uso de gallinero, de cercas en gallinero y, de caseta. El manejo de tecnologías incluyó las variables: tipos de materiales usados en las cercas y de casetas. El componente difusión de tecnología, se evaluó mediante el número de aves prestadas, regaladas o vendidas, entre los productores, el componente participación de género cuantificó los miembro de la familia que participan en la crianza, expresadas en porcentajes. Las variables cuantitativas contemplaron el inventario del hato. El nivel de uso y manejo de las diferentes tecnologías, se analizó a través de frecuencias que permitieron medir el número de veces de ocurrencia de un suceso. Los resultados muestran que hubo un alto nivel de uso de concentrados caseros, desparasitantes, vacunas contra Newcastle y uso de infraestructura, no así, en cuanto al uso del pastoreo, minerales, vitaminas y vacuna (Viruela aviar). Con relación al manejo, se observaron deficiencias en la frecuencia de uso recomendadas por el proyecto. Las encuestas revelaron de forma significativa, la participación de la mujer. De los mecanismos de difusión de estas tecnologías el más común fue el regalo de huevo.