Do we need to flick the switch? The need for a broader conceptualization of iatrogenic course aggravation in clinical trials of bipolar disorder?

The term ‘switching’ is often used in bipolar disorder when describing polarity changes in bipolar disorder, but this term is ambiguous and imprecise, and is sometimes used interchangeably with the term ‘cycling’. Furthermore, polarity changes in bipolar disorder can be understood in different ways, because their clinical manifestations range from the emergence of subthreshold symptoms to a full episode of the opposite pole. Besides the need to tighten the meaning of the term ‘switching’, this paper also argues that switching does not adequately describe the complex phenomena that occur with course aggravation of bipolar disorder, such as alteration in episode frequency or amplitude. A more-fine grained approach to course aggravation in bipolar disorder is proposed, which incorporates trans-polar switching, index polarity aggravation, as well as alterations in episodic amplitude, episodic duration, and interepisode length. This approach has the potential to capture a broader, more fine-grained and clinically relevant picture of the process of aggravation of the bipolar cycle.

[Excerpt from the poem "Winter"], undated

One leaf containing a handwritten copy of a section of the poem "Winter" by Scottish poet James Thomson (1700-1748). The excerpt begins "'Tis done! dread Winter spreads his latest Glooms," and ends, "And one unbounded Spring encircle all."

[Excerpt from the poem "An Elegy"], undated

Folio-sized leaf containing a handwritten copy of stanzas 13-24 of "An elegy on the late Rt. Hon. W------ P---, Esq," a satirical poem about William Pitt first published in London in 1766. The excerpt begins "Where the dull slave, or Scycophant confess'd," and ends, "And swells quite crimson'd with Britania's Blood." The copy is marked with scribbles.

The mystic trumpeter; orchestral fantasy after the poem by Walt Whitman.

"Op. 19."

A review of the poem intitled "The senators"; or, A re-examination into the merits of the principal performers of St. Stephen's Chapel.

Mode of access: Internet.

The poetical works of James Thomson : with his last corrections, additions, and improvements : with the life of the author and an essay on the plan and charachters of the poem on the season /

Vol. 2 has imprint: Philadelphia: Printed for B. Johnson, by Thomas & George Palmer, 1804.

The authoress of the Odyssey, where and when she wrote, who she was, the use she made of the Iliad, & how the poem grew under her hands,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Van-Guard (poem)

A poem "written at the front in memory of comrades fallen in action while fighting with the First Battalion of the 5th Field Artillery". The final verse of the poem reads, "But the van-guard on before you, who you follow as is meet, They're the lads you left behind you With the poppies and the wheat!"

An Epic Poem, The Norton House

A poem by J.W. Keating, Poet Laureate of the Norton House, C. Sherwood Book and Job Printer, St. Catharines, March 3, 1886. There is a note on the front page which says "see page 11". There is a section of the poem which is marked. The poem first mentions Annie Conolly, who studied at Loretto in Niagara, then mentions Annie Wallace [this name is underlined], "who here did once sojourn with Nanna and Leslie".

Design and simulation of a RF MEMS shunt switch for Ka and V bands and the impact of varying its geometrical parameters

RF MEMS plays an important role in microwave switching. The high performance of RF MEMS shunt such as high bandwidth, low insertion loss, and high isolation have made these switches well suitable for high performing microwave and millimeter wave circuits. This paper presents a RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch for Ka and V band application. This paper investigates the effect of various geometrical parameters on RF characteristics of the switch. The simulation results are presented and discussed.

Valedictory poem delivered in the Chapel of Harvard University on the 21 June 1796: in the presence of the President Proffers & Tutors & the four classes of understudents at the request of the class who completed their college studies on that day

Handwritten draft of the Charles P. Sumner’s valedictory poem to the Harvard class of 1796, in a 19th century hardcover binding beginning “The youth by adverse fortune forced to roam…”. The poem mentions John Russell, a member of the Class of 1796 who died in November 1795. The copy includes edits and struck-out words.